Evidence of a Master Conspiracy
by 
William H. McIlhany

Transcript of a Seminar
April 4, 1987
Santa Monica, California
with
1989-1995 Supplement

Transcript
Evidence of a Master Conspiracy
by William H. McIlhany
A seminar with slides given in
Santa Monica, California,
April 4, 1987

Transcription is complete but has been edited for publication and corrected 
for accuracy.
Copyright 1992, Individualist Research Foundation


Thank you, ladies and gentlemen, for coming today. We have a rather 
lengthy journey to embark upon, but I think we have some housekeeping 
details that I should mention first before we get underway.
In the first place, most of you have found on your chair a summary outline 
and recommended reading list for this seminar.  
Next, I want to apologize for the fact that there is a lot of equipment between 
me and you. I think, however, it won't cause much of a problem because 
you're going to be much more interested in looking at the slides, which you 
will be able to see on the screen.  And, you'll be able to see the TV monitor 
for something else we're going to watch a little bit later.  This seminar is 
being professionally video and audio recorded and tapes are available from 
the Foundation.
I certainly want to thank our hosts for making this seminar possible. To have 
such a wonderfully well-prepared, well-educated, well-informed group of 
people here for this seminar today.  I guess it's proof that miracles can 
happen in Santa Monica. And, I would like to ask you if questions occur to 
you, just mark them down.  We will have time for questions and answers, 
but even if we don't have time to get to all of them today, at least it will give 
me the opportunity of getting that information to you some other time.
Our schedule today: we're going to go to about 10:30 then take a fifteen-
minute break; then, we're going to go to noon, then come back after lunch. 
Then we will go until around 5:00 to 6:00 p.m., depending on the length of 
the material, some of which I'll be able to cover today that I didn't have time 
to cover at my first seminar last January. So, with that in mind, I want to 
thank you again for coming today and I hope we will all persevere well 
through the day.  
I gave a seminar like this about ten years ago the first time for members of 
the John Birch Society in the Detroit area, and my voice didn't give out until 
around the end of the ninth hour. So, I am hoping, with the help of the PA 
system, that I will be able to survive, and you will survive, until the end of 
the day.  It did seem to work fairly well in that regard last January.
Now, whenever we begin a discussion or whenever I make a presentation on 
a subject as complicated, as vast and voluminous, as the concept of 
conspiracy in history, I think it's very important and proper at the outset to 
define very carefully what I mean when I use that word.
And, of course, if you do this in your discussions with other people, you will 
find that you can dissolve a lot of misunderstandings or potential arguments 
and objections right at the beginning by making very clear what you're 
talking about.  
First of all, in defining something we have to know what constitutes a 
definition. You can get a dictionary, look up a word, and see a string of 
words that are synonyms that mean the same, or almost the same, as the 
word you're trying to understand. That's not very helpful. That's not a 
definition.  
The father of logic and most western philosophy, Aristotle, formulated a 
method for a definition. Aristotle said any definition has to have two parts. 
The definition has to first name the genus of the subject you're defining. 
That's the broader class of concepts or things of which the subject you're 
defining is a member. And, then, after defining the broader class, you have 
to give what are called the differentia, that is, the essential characteristics 
which distinguish the subject you're defining from all the other members of 
that class.  
So, if we're defining conspiracy, where do we start?  What is the genus? Is it 
an animal, vegetable, mineral, solid, liquid or gas? No, it's not a thing; it's 
an action. It's an activity. And, it can be argued that it's a uniquely human 
activity. That's why we hear so little about dogs and cats conspiring.  
It is a human activity and we therefore must limit that by the right 
differentia, in order to complete the definition.  It is an activity involving, 
first, more than one person, and the parties to this activity are advancing 
basically the same or common objectives. Third, they are advancing 
objectives which, by very reasonable standards, personally harmful, evil, or 
destructive. And, finally, they're doing all this either in secret or without 
fully advertising in advance what they're planning to do, and certainly not to 
their potential victims. 
Now that's really all that is essential to the concept of conspiracy. 
Throughout history there have been a lot of different conspiracies, large and 
small, everything from a couple of guys getting together to rob a bank all the 
way up to the sort of thing we're talking about today. And they have used a 
variety of organizational means and mechanisms. Some have had 
membership cards; others have used codes, telephone numbers, street 
addresses and issued uniforms. All of those things are optional. What I gave 
you as essential to the definition, however, was always present. 
And notice something about that definition. It says that the parties to a 
conspiracy are advancing or promoting essentially the same objectives. But 
please notice: not at all necessarily are they doing so for the same personal 
reasons and motivations. This is very important. You can see a number of 
the people involved in the historical events we'll be discussing. They have 
promoted the growth and concentration of power in the hands of a few, in 
particular the concentration of power into one central government and the 
eventual consolidation of power over everyone worldwide. You may wonder 
why are they doing this. Are they all powerlusters? Are they all seeking 
personal power, wealth or gain? Or are they all ideologically or idealistically 
committed to some totalitarian system? 
It really isn't necessary for them all to have the same motive or reason for 
what they're doing. It's very important to remember that people can 
cooperate in the promotion of the same destructive ends for a wide variety of 
reasons and motivations. If you keep that mind, it helps to understand and 
communicate much better a lot of what we will be reviewing.
Also please notice that the central focus in identifying and evaluating 
conspiracy in history is on the actions of the individuals who choose to 
conspire.  We identify and evaluate such people based on what they do as 
volitional, and therefore morally responsible, beings. The concept of 
conspiracy is based on and presupposes the same concept that morality, all 
belief in morality, presupposes: namely that human beings possess free will 
or some degree of control over their thoughts and actions. If we didn't have 
some control over our thoughts and actions, we would not be able to be 
blamed or criticized for taking a particular action because we would have no 
say in the matter. Any system of morality, and certainly one that is 
identifying evil, harmful, and destructive actions, not only assumes the 
validity of an objective morality, it also assumes that people normally have 
free will and therefore possess control over their thoughts and actions. 
In fact, you might even call the conspiratorial view of history ³the free will 
view of history." It assumes that people have choice over what they are 
going to do for whatever reason and, after they choose what they are going 
to do, over a long period of time, it fairly can be assumed that they intend the 
logical outcome of those actions. It's just applying the concept of free will 
and a proper moral perspective to observing historical events. 
Also notice that since we are paying crucial attention to individuals and their 
actions, what they say and what they do over a significant period of time, it 
is less important to notice or pay a great deal of attention to the organizations 
to which they belong.  In other words, just because somebody belongs to 
organizations of varying degrees of conspiratorial nature doesn't mean he is 
actively conspiring as much as other people who may belong to that 
organization. Many such affiliations might be a more significant indication. 
It is, therefore, much more important to notice what they are doing as 
individuals.  		
And certainly, evaluating conspiracy has absolutely nothing to do with non-
essential characteristics over which people have no choice or control such as 
a person's racial, religious, or ethnic background. We can hold people 
responsible only for those things over which they have choice or control as 
individuals. None of these other factors makes any difference because it's 
what they choose to do during their lives and what they make up their minds 
to do and what values they choose to uphold or reject that make all the 
difference. It really makes no difference where they came from ethnically, 
religiously or racially. It's only important what they do after they are old 
enough to make decisions for themselves.
We can go a bit further with this analysis and find out why the conspiratorial 
view of history has been so unpopular in the academic world of professional 
historians, and why you sometimes run into opposition against this 
viewpoint when it is presented.  
If we consider what alternative views there are for explaining what happens 
in history ‹ the cause of everything from a robbery in a bank to a world war 
‹ we have to examine the concept of causality or the causes of things.  	
Aristotle said there are four basic ³causes" which bring about every event. 
It's really hard to imagine any other way of analyzing causes except for 
these four. The first cause of any event ‹ and this can be anything from 
your coming to this seminar to something very earth-shattering and far-
reaching ‹ is the event itself. Now this may seem redundant and isn't very 
instructive, but this is what Aristotle called the Formal Cause. In other 
words, the first cause of an event is the event itself which would not have 
been the way it was if it were something else. That's pretty hard to argue 
with, but it isn't very helpful. The formal cause is the event itself.  
The second causal factor is the material cause. The material cause includes 
all the previously existing circumstances and the environment where the 
event occurred. This would include, in the case of social or political events, 
the economic, social or political conditions that were leading up to the event 
taking place.
Now, the third cause, which is most important from my perspective, is the 
efficient cause. The efficient cause is the agent which acts on the material 
cause to initiate the event. In the case of human activity, we are talking about 
the person who chooses to act and who causes the event: the guy who throws 
the bomb in the crowd producing injuries. The efficient cause in that case is 
the acting conspirator. Of course, there are lots of events like earthquakes, 
tornados, floods and other natural disasters which have efficient causes 
which are not volitional, that is, not human.
Finally, there is one more cause and that is the final cause. This has to do 
with the motive or purpose motivating the efficient cause to bring about the 
event. In the case of a cataclysm or natural disaster, people in the past would 
say, according to various primitive belief systems, that the final cause of an 
event was some cosmic or teleological purpose (outside of human 
motivation), some divine plan or purpose behind the event, and they would 
apply this to any particular non-human activity that they observed. Pagan 
theologies would apply the intersession of the gods they believed in to 
various events of the day. 
In an event that involves human beings, the final cause is the motive in the 
mind of the efficient cause. The final cause is the reason or purpose the 
efficient cause had for acting.
So, what two alternatives exist today? A concentration or emphasis on the 
efficient cause, the acting, responsible human beings who caused or initiated 
the event. That's the conspiratorial view of history. 
This is opposed by what we might call the popular social science or 
orthodox historiographic view or orthodox academic view of history which 
downplays the significance of influential acting individuals behind events 
and instead attempts to explain events entirely in terms of the material cause 
or the prior social and economic conditions, the environment that existed 
before the event. In other words, they talk about social and economic factors 
or forces as if they're ghostly figures that are all-pervasive and animate 
everything, somehow operating people like marionettes and forcing them to 
make certain decisions. It's a deterministic view and flies fundamentally in 
the face of the reality of free will behind human behavior. Unfortunately it is 
what has been very popular in recent decades in the academic world in the 
teaching of history.
As a result, if you go to graduate school in history and try to promote a 
conspiratorial view, you will find as I did that you will be accused of being a 
single-causationist. These people like to think of themselves as multiple 
causationists and they are going to criticize you for concentrating on the 
efficient cause, those acting, influential individuals who are so dreadfully 
significant behind most events.
You can understand where they're coming from and the fundamental 
assumptions they are overlooking or avoiding if you understand that analysis 
of historical causation.
In analyzing conspiracy or its record in human events, there is another 
important issue involved. Since the end of the eighteenth century much strict 
empirical methodology was introduced into historical study. It virtually 
prohibited bringing to historical study moral, philosophical or religious 
concepts. This was a trend which the Conspiracy was simultaneously 
promoting.
We're talking about a system of categorizing historical evidence. It's not 
totally invalid; in fact, it's basically sound. It just needs to be put into the 
perspective of what we just talked about. This way of evaluating evidence is 
the categorizing of types of historical material and documents.  First of all, 
the most important documents for historical study are called primary 
documents. 
If you're writing about a person who lived hundreds of years ago and you  
want to do a biography or survey of his or her professional career, you want 
to examine his letters, his correspondence, his papers, whatever diary he 
kept, his business papers, all of his tax returns (pardon the expression), all of 
his invoices, all of the checks that he wrote.
That's all primary documentation. On paper, that's about as close as you can 
get to that person who is no longer living. In other  words, the most 
immediate records of the person whom you are researching.
These primary documents are the ones historians are most interested in 
finding. But, of course, when you're talking about conspiracy, we have the 
problem that conspiracy can only exist successfully in the dark, without 
public exposure. Because of that conspirators usually try harder than 
anything else to conceal their own activity; so often they try to avoid either 
creating these primary documents in the first place or leaving them around. 
But we're very fortunate to  say that quite a number of them have been left 
around nevertheless and apprehended and are available. We'll be discussing 
them today.
The second type of historical material is what's called contemporary  
sources. Contemporary sources are accounts written by a close friend, a 
contemporary, someone who lived at the same time as the persons they're 
writing about, someone who may have known them or observed them or had 
access to people who were close to them. It's something that was written 
fresh at the time of the events it is discussing and, therefore, lets us get more 
immediate access to the distilled essence of the subject, but still was written 
by someone else and incorporating their interpretation in the material.  Those 
are called contemporary sources.
The third category, which is mostly what we read today, are secondary 
sources. They include any history books, writings, biographies, studies, 
articles, anything that's written after the event has taken place and relies on a 
combination of primary and contemporary sources. The trouble with 
secondary sources is that they really are no stronger than the primary or 
contemporary documentation they contain. If you're reading a book written 
by someone today about the French Revolution of over two hundred years 
ago, and it says that it was caused by some particular historical force or 
movement, you have no way of knowing whether that is true unless you can 
examine the evidence put forth for the claim.
The fact that a secondary source makes a statement about something only 
proves one thing: that that book or article made that statement. If you want 
to be critical in your thinking (it's always good, as the Bible says, to prove 
all things and hold fast to that which is good), you certainly need to test 
anything which you encounter. One way of doing that is to know whether or 
not the secondary source has any documentation. When you get a secondary 
historical account what's the first thing you do?  You can look to see if it has 
any footnotes or bibliography. One of the worst things for me is if it doesn't 
have an index, but that's not what we're talking about now. Check first to 
see if it has footnotes, bibliography, and see what they are. 
Is the book quoting simply from people who already agree with the thesis 
that the book is presenting or is it going back to more primary material? This 
is how you evaluate the strength of a historical thesis or argument about 
which you might not have any other basis for coming to a decision on its 
merits. We often have very accessible to us many secondary and some 
contemporary sources, but often the primary sources are not as available.
This brings us to the reason for today's seminar. I was sixteen years old in 
1967, growing up in Virginia, and I had joined the John Birch Society two 
years earlier. I met Robert Welch, the founder and late president of the 
Society. I said to him, ³I recall a speech you made a couple of years ago in 
which you said there was archival evidence to prove that Hitler and the Nazi 
movement had been put in power in Germany, on Stalin's orders from 
Moscow, by the German Communist Party.  When are we going to see that 
evidence; when is somebody going to dig it out and publish it in book 
form?" Mr. Welch turned to me and said, ³Why don't you do it?"
Needless to say, even though I had just met him, it took me a day or so to 
recover from that. Fortunately I had access to a wonderful gentleman whom 
I lost to cancer in 1976, my major coordinator in the Society, Bill Highsmith.
Bill was already a very knowledgeable student of the history of the 
Conspiracy. I was fortunate to have access to someone who could direct me 
in beginning this study, at least initially, on World War II. As I collected 
some fundamental books on the subject, I found that those books had 
references to other interesting titles. I started collecting a few of those, and I 
found that it is an unlimited, bottomless pit of information. One subject leads 
to another and you just can't limit it. I mean you can limit the amount of 
room you have in your house for books, but you can't limit your interest in 
the subject because it is just endless.
I decided to collect as much as I could on the earlier history of the 
conspiracy and fortunately, after finishing high school in 1969, I was able to 
go to the British Museum in London and had an opportunity to examine 
many of the sources used by the leading Twentieth Century historian on the 
Conspiracy, Nesta Webster. I began collecting the sources she used and 
many other sources she never had a chance to see.
It grew and built like that. From 1975 to 1980, my first three books were 
published by Arlington House. Those books and the lectures I presented for 
the John Birch Society around the U.S. were primarily on more recent 
subject matter: the growth of Big Government, the resulting problems and 
dangers in the United States, the problems with U.S. foreign policy, and 
what could be done by a grass-roots educational effort to reverse those 
trends.  
But I noticed something, particularly after 1980. Although we had a number 
of publishing companies in the 1970s and earlier that were publishing, to 
some extent, new, original, hard-core anti-communist, conservative and 
Americanist manuscripts, non-fiction studies on various subjects, after 1980 
most of these publishing companies became inactive. That was a 
combination of a number of factors.  Some of them were not very profitable. 
They were closed down or sold or went into some other kind of book 
publishing. Also the increasing cost of hard cover books was discouraging 
the kind of sales they had hoped to get. And the general level of functional 
illiteracy caused by the public schools and TV wasn't helping either.  
Unfortunately, conservative, anti-communist publishing slowed down 
substantially after 1980.  		
With the help of colleagues and associates around the country, I had 
collected much of the material you're going to see today. In 1986 I began 
discussing with some leading students of the subject matter that we really 
didn't know any other way to disseminate some of this material, which is 
very difficult to obtain today, except by establishing an organization for that 
purpose, a tax-exempt foundation to which people could contribute because 
it would deal with historical subject matter instead of contemporary political 
controversy. It could operate as a tax-exempt foundation and take donations 
to support things such as publishing a quarterly periodical, the Journal of 
Individualist Studies, and provide media such as this  seminar, so that some 
of the information we have collected in recent decades won't just keep 
sitting on the shelf inaccessible but will be utilized.
It is to that end that we are about to embark today, and I just hope you find it 
worthwhile and helpful.
Down through the ages, there have been many conspiracies, many secret 
societies and clandestine movements that have had as their goals absolute 
rule of the world, overthrow of all existing governments, and the final 
destruction of all religious beliefs.  
It's possible with a good deal of study to trace the origin and development of 
many of these movements: the early anti-Christian mysticism of the 
Gnostics; the conspiracy against orthodox Islam and for world power that 
was founded by Hassan Saba in Persia in 1090 A.D. as the Order of the 
Assassins; the Catholic Order of Knights Templar which became a heresy 
warring within the Catholic church and which adopted the Assassin's system 
for the destruction of Christianity and brought that conspiracy, along with 
devil worship, back to Western Europe following their contact with the 
Assassins during the Crusades; the Knights of the Teutonic Order under 
Frederick Barbarosa and Frederick II, which was to conduct a campaign 
against the influence of the Catholic Church in Italy; the Congregarie de la 
Paix, or the Congregation of Peace, which in France about 1185 promoted 
ownership of all land ³by the people" and, being good pacifists, burned 
castles, monasteries and churches.  
During the 13th through the 17th centuries groups like the Luciferians, 
Rosicrucians, Levellers, and many others continued the war against 
Christianity that had begun in Europe with the Templars. It's even possible 
to trace more than a doctrinal resemblance between these organizations.  
Some of them actually had some lineage or successorship. But working with 
admittedly very fragmentary evidence in dark caves of history, it's difficult 
to come to the conclusion that there was any solid organizational structure 
from 1100 to 1700 A.D. in Europe that was engaged in a coordinated and 
centrally controlled plot for world rule and the destruction of monarchical 
and ecclesiastical power.
By the middle of the Eighteenth Century, remnants of these various 
destructive movements and prior inspirations began to come together under a 
central group that was to plan and put into existence a continuing 
organizational structure which would some day, at least its founders hoped, 
rule the world after all religions and governments then existing had been 
destroyed. 
The philosophical base for this movement was to some extent laid by a 
number of French philosophers, members of the Paris Academy in the mid-
1700s. These included Voltaire, who referred to himself as the greatest 
personal enemy of Jesus Christ; Rousseau; Diderot; and D'Alembert.  
Voltaire had a great influence over King Frederick of Prussia at this time and 
virtually recruited or inspired Frederick to become a revolutionary 
conspirator in many ways, at least as long as the plotting didn't influence his 
own base of power in Prussia.
The Paris Academy also spawned the publication of the first encyclopedia. 
The conspirators hoped that this encyclopedia would become a standard 
reference source where all literate people, certainly all scholars, would seek 
knowledge and answers on all subjects and thereby receive the propaganda 
against civil order and the Christian religion which was contained in the 
Encyclopedie.
Inspired by this group of European philosophers, and probably tutored by a 
mysterious occultist from what it now Denmark, it was a Jesuit-trained 
Professor of Canon Law at the University of Ingolstadt who established a 
continuing organizational structure to direct the worldwide attack on religion 
and monarchy and the ultimate goal of world rule.

 [FIRST SLIDE]

This, of course, was Adam Weishaupt and the organization he founded on 
May 1, 1776 was called the Order of the Illuminati.  
Weishaupt planned for the Order to maintain publicly the image of a 
charitable and philanthropic organization. It was this image that initially 
attracted many educators and Protestant clergyman in the German states. 
When they joined they were convinced that the goal of the Order was the 
purest form of Christianity, the making of all mankind one happy and 
prosperous family. But that was only the first contact.
When the new initiate, who was called the Minerval, advanced to the rank of 
Illuminatus Minor - and only those people who were trusted sufficiently 
after interview and examination were allowed to reach that level - this 
person was told that the only obstacle which lay in the path of the Order's 
goal of universal happiness was the power being held by the existing 
religious and governmental institutions of the world which were just not 
going to allow such happiness to occur at their expense.
After an initiate had proved himself to be totally devoid of traditional 
morality, he was allowed to advance to the level of Illuminatus Major, which 
was right under Weishaupt's position as Rex or king.
Then he was told the real purposes of the Order.  He was now required to 
take an oath which bound his every thought, action, and his fate to the 
administration of his superiors and the Order. He knew now that the real aim 
of the Order was rule of the world, to be accomplished after the destruction 
of all existing governments and religions. 
He was even required to learn how to write with both hands so that his 
handwriting would not remain the same and traceable if any correspondence 
he wrote were to be intercepted by civil authorities. The initiate's copy of the 
writings of the Order was to be kept in a special container in his home, 
which would ignite and destroy those writings if a non-member attempted to 
open it. The Order even devised facial creams and perfumes with deadly 
poisons in them. They were rather advanced in their amateur chemistry for 
that time.
An elaborate spy network was set up so that all members would constantly 
be checking on the loyalty of each other. The organization was structured in 
the shape of a pyramid. Each initiate would have two novices under him, 
who would report only to him. The secret police of the Order killed anyone 
who tried to inform the authorities about the conspiracy.

[NEXT SLIDE]

This band was known as the Insinuating Brethren and it had as its insignia an 
all-seeing eye. As I said, the structure of the Order was pyramidal with 
Weishaupt was at the top and three immediate subordinates, each of whom 
had three men under their orders, and each of those had three, and so on 
down the line.
In their correspondence, the brethren were required to use false names for 
themselves, historical names of people, prominent in history, and they were 
to use the names of different ancient cities of Europe when they wished to 
refer to cities where the Order was active. Weishaupt called himself 
Spartacus. Others were Cato, Marius, Brutus, Pythagoras, Socrates and 
Hannibal. Much of the system of the Jesuits was adopted for the Order. 
Weishaupt had been educated by the Jesuits and had, early on, rebelled 
against them. He saw nothing to stop him from using those same institutions 
to destroy thrones and altars which the Jesuits had used to support them.
As a reward for selling himself totally to the Order, the top level Illuminatus, 
and there were not very many of these, was granted all the material and 
sensual benefits that could possibly be obtained.  
Weishaupt intended that ³the power of the Order must be turned to the 
advantage of its members. All must be assisted. They must be preferred to 
all persons otherwise of equal merit. Money, services, honor, goods and 
blood must be expended for the fully-proved brethren." And these benefits, 
of course, playing upon other motivations than the long-term idealism of 
someone like Adam Weishaupt, encouraged people to remain enrolled in the 
conspiracy.  
Sometimes this policy became a necessity instead of a luxury. It seems that 
Weishaupt had gotten his sister-in-law pregnant. Her brother was Cato, or 
Xavier Zwack, a prominent attorney in Frankfurt. Weishaupt knew this was 
going to reflect badly on the public image of the Order. In one 
correspondence later intercepted, Weishaupt informs Zwack that the sister 
must have an abortion or she must be killed for the good of the Order. Of 
course Zwack enthusiastically had to agree.
Sometimes the degenerate character of many of the members was quite an 
embarrassment to Weishaupt, particularly when prospective recruits were 
being convinced how saintly the Order was.
How successful was the spread of the Order? They were not seeking any 
people from the working class, the agricultural working masses. They were 
seeking wealthy people from the aristocracy, from the nobility, professors, 
educated people, prominent influential persons as close as possible to the 
monarchy where they lived.
Before 1789, the year of the French Revolution, it is estimated that there 
were at least 2,000 members of the Order in the German-speaking lands. 
Many of these were ministers, mostly Protestant, lawyers, doctors, and even 
a few princes. None were members of the lower classes.  
Weishaupt could boast, ³We have been very successful against the Jesuits 
and have brought things to such a bearing that their revenues are under the 
management of our friends. All the German schools and benevolent society 
are at last under our control. We have got several zealous members in the 
courts of justice, and we are able to afford them pay and other good 
additions. Lately, we have got possession of the Bartholomew Institute for 
Young Clergymen, having secured all of its supporters. Through this we 
shall be able to supply Bavaria with fit priests." The influence of the Order 
on German education and the German clergy were devastating.  
The original writings of the Order fell into the hands of the elector of 
Bavaria, Carl Theodore, in 1785 and again in 1786. Weishaupt was walking 
with another member of the Order, an extremely anti-Christian clergyman, 
just walking outside in the garden of the man's home at night. Suddenly this 
clergyman was struck dead by lightning.  When the authorities investigated, 
they found sewn in a hidden pocket in his cloak his identification as a 
member of the Illuminati and information leading to the depository of the 
Order's documents for that area of Germany. That residence was raided, the 
papers were captured and published. 
The elector of Bavaria was initially skeptical about the seriousness of this 
danger, principally, I think, because some of his associates were already 
members of the Order. But the eventual uncovering of the crimes involved in 
the conduct of a number of the members and recorded in these papers led, by 
1786, to one of two efforts by the Bavarian government to outlaw the Order. 
The Order was outlawed officially by 1786 and historians conclude and want 
you to conclude that it ceased to exist. It had already spread its influence far 
beyond the town of Ingolstadt, Bavaria, the home of Adam Weishaupt.
We know a great deal about the papers that were published because they 
appeared in English for the first time in 1797 in a book called Proofs of a 
Conspiracy by John Robison. Professor Robison was probably the 
outstanding author of physical scientist textbooks used in the English-
speaking world. Proofs of a Conspiracy was extensively reprinted in 
England, distributed widely and reprinted in several editions in the United 
States from 1798 onward. It was reprinted in paperback in 1967 by Western 
Islands and it is available today.
If you read the book, I would suggest skipping the first chapter, which deals 
with the various lodges of organized freemasonry in Germany and England 
and the various distinctions between them. Some people find the first 50 
pages of the book to be quite like molasses because they do not relate to the 
subject matter. They are not very interesting unless you happen to be a 
mason yourself. But, still, I would suggest that you get this book. You will 
find it a little difficult to read because people were much more literate at the 
time it was written. Skip to the second chapter, which is on the Illuminati, 
and you will find it fascinating reading from that point on. And this was one 
of the places where the original papers and documents of the Illuminati first 
appeared. It was enormously influential in creating alarm and concern about 
the danger of the Order.

[NEXT SLIDE]

An even more important work is a four-volume study by a French priest, the 
Abbé Augustin Barruel, called Memoirs Illustrating the History of 
Jacobinism. If you have read Robison's book and found it interesting, this is 
more than four times as interesting. The style is more lucid as translated 
from the French by Robert Clifford. It was published in 1798. Barruel and 
Robison were not working together on this project. They wrote almost 
simultaneously from two different parts of the world. 
Barruel is extremely persuasive. In fact, even people who do not accept the 
thesis of the Master Conspiracy have said that his style is most persuasive, 
and that Barruel has the remarkable ability to anticipate reasonable 
objections on the part of the reader and then answer them only a few 
paragraphs later. And it is incredibly detailed. It has much more information 
in it than Robison's book. 
In studying the French Revolution from a conservative viewpoint, most 
people read Reflections on the Revolution in France by Edmund Burke, a 
prominent British critic of the French Revolution. Here is a quote from a 
letter that Edmund Burke wrote to Barruel after he read the first volume and 
another after he read the third volume of Memoirs Illustrating the History of 
Jacobinism.
This is Edmund Burke writing to Barruel:  ³I cannot easily express to you 
how much I am instructed and delighted by the first volume of your History 
of Jacobinism. The whole of the wonderful narrative is supported by 
documents and proofs with the most judicial regularity and exactness.  Your 
reflections and reasonings are interspersed with infinite judgment and in 
their most proper places for leading the sentiments of the reader and 
preventing the force of plausible objection." And he goes on to say that he 
can personally attest to statements made about individuals in the book whom 
he knew. That is rather distinguished praise for the work. 
Unfortunately, this book is not readily available today. It is available in a 
few major libraries, on Readex microprint cards in a number of university 
libraries and in a French paperback edition. We really think that extensive 
portions of this should be reprinted in English, and it is one of the things that 
we hope to do. A very important source.

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There have been two or three places where the papers of the Illuminati have 
been published in the twentieth century. 
First, in France in the International Review of Secret Societies through the 
1920's and 1930's and very recently in this book published in Germany, the 
writings and papers of the Illuminati. This material is available.

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Cataloging the correspondence and the admissions on the part of Weishaupt 
and the other conspirators. A great deal of it merits translation in English and 
assimilation.

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This gentleman is Baron Adolf von Knigge whose name in the Illuminati 
was ³Philo." He was crucially responsible for spreading the influence of the 
Illuminati beyond Germany before it was outlawed by the Bavarian 
government. It was not until the summer of 1782, six years after the order 
was founded, that it really began to grow in power and influence.
Weishaupt and his agents already contemplated the possibility of infiltrating 
freemasonic bodies in Europe and taking control of them. We are talking 
about previously existing lodges of freemasonry like the British and 
American freemasonic lodges that were created before the Illuminati was 
formed. 
Weishaupt and Baron von Knigge at last had their chance. That summer of 
1782 leaders and delegates of the Continental European freemasonic lodges, 
not British and American freemasonry, were meeting at the town of 
Wilhelmsbad. Weishaupt and von Knigge presented quite an enticing 
promise of the secrets which the Illuminati had to offer.  The response of 
many of the Italian, French, and German delegates was to join, and then they 
took the doctrines of the Order, its degrees and discipline back to their 
respective lodges.
The two leaders of German freemasonry, Duke Ferdinand of Brunswick and 
Prince Karl of Hess, joined the order, thus bringing the whole of German 
freemasonry, the German Grand Orient, in particular, under the control of 
the Illuminati. 
Baron von Knigge is most interesting.  He was not only very influential in 
spreading the Illuminati throughout Europe, but he also anticipated the anti-
Jewish sentiments of Karl Marx that would be expressed decades later.
I recently found a reference in a lengthy study to a document, a pamphlet he 
wrote, criticizing the influence of Jews in western Europe because they were 
so productive and industrious, critical of this entrepreneurial spirit very 
much like what you see decades later in Karl Marx's essays which have been 
published under the title A World Without Jews. Von Knigge, one of the 
leaders of the Illuminati, one of the most responsible people for spreading it 
around Europe, also wanted to eradicate Jewish economic and social 
influence this early on.

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Another important Illuminist at this time was the French Count Honore 
Mirabeau. Mirabeau was responsible for recruiting several of the most 
important leaders of different continental European freemasonic bodies and 
bringing them into the system. He also provided some documentation for 
what we are talking about.
After it was outlawed by the Bavarian government, the Illuminati continued 
to exist, even publicly, in Germany under the name of the German Union. 
The German Union was formed by von Knigge and Karl Bahrdt, who was a 
very notorious and widely despised professor, prosecuted for writing some 
of the earliest pornography. He was looked down upon by most of his 
colleagues because of his personal conduct. He is also the subject of a recent 
study by a liberal historian. 
The purpose of the German Union was to control bookselling and publishing 
in the German lands, thus assuring that only those books on religion, 
philosophy, and politics that were acceptable to the Order would be available 
and would be read by the public.
In Robison's Proofs of a Conspiracy, we have a little excerpt here that I want 
to read regarding the influence of the German Union. Expressing their goals, 
Karl Bahrdt said of his organization and the reading societies that he wished 
to establish:  			
³When these have been established in different places, we must endeavor to 
accomplish the following immediate plans: to introduce a general literary 
gazette or review which, by uniting all the learned brethren and combining 
their judgment and address all their talents and steadily proceeding 
according to a distinct and precise plan, may in time supplant every other 
gazette [in other words, they were seeking control of the media], a thing 
which its intrinsic merit and comprehensive plan will easily accomplish. To 
select a secretary for our society who shall have it in charge to commission 
the books which they shall select in conformity to the great aim of the 
association and who shall undertake to commission all other books for the 
curious in his neighborhood. If there be a bookseller in the place who can be 
gained over or sworn into the society, it will be proper to choose him for this 
office since, as will be made more plain afterwards, the trade will gradually 
come into the plan and fall into the hands of the Union."
Their objective was not only the control of print media or early journals, 
periodicals and newspapers but the control of book publishing and, in effect, 
cartelizing it into a monopoly.
At the same, in addition to spreading the Illuminati into other countries in 
Europe, their most important recruitment activity was bringing all of the 
French freemasonic lodges under their control.

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Count de Mirabeau was influential in recruiting the leader of the French 
Grand Orient lodges. A close relative of King Louis XVI of France, his 
name was Louis Philippe Joseph, the Fifth Duke de Orléans. Mirabeau 
brought him into the Order and also recruited Brissot, Condorcet, Savalette, 
Grégoire, Garat, Pétion, Babeuf, Barnave, Siéyès, Saint-Just, Camille 
Desmoulins, Hébert, Santerre, Danton, Marat, Chénier, and just about every 
other person who would play a leading role in the upcoming French 
Revolution of 1789. Other members included Herder, Goethe, the Marquis 
de Tallyrand and the Marquis de Lafayette, very briefly after he had played 
an influential role in helping George Washington win the war of American 
independence.
In addition to spreading the Illuminati to France, Mirabeau conceived of a 
plan for infiltrating and taking control of freemasonry and using it as a 
launching pad or base of operations to start a violent revolution.

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The first efforts they made to try out this overall subversive strategy were, of 
course, in 1789 the initial events of the French Revolution.
I must say some things leading into this that are only clarified if you read a 
reliable and well-documented history like Nesta Webster's most important 
work, The French Revolution, A Study in Democracy.
Not compared to our system of government today, but compared to all the 
other major monarchies, particularly Prussia, by 1789 the French monarchy 
was improving living conditions and was engaged in serious movements 
toward reform. 
Many of the prior abuses of the monarchy, many of the taxes levied to 
benefit the nobility and the aristocracy were being removed, and reform was 
underway. In other words, even according to visitors from England and the 
United States who later wrote memoirs and diaries that are now available, 
there was more chance for reform. Certainly King Louis XVI and Marie 
Antoinette were more open to discussion of reform and were engaged in 
abolishing the abuses of the Old Regime. There really was less excuse in 
France than in many other monarchical European states to have any violent 
revolution or sentiment for it from the people.  
It had to be artificially engineered, and one of the people most responsible 
for this was the gentleman mentioned a moment ago, the Duke of Orléans, 
who was the head of the French Grand Orient and an active member of the 
Illuminati.
Being very wealthy the one way the Duke was able to bring about discontent 
in the early months of 1789 and to create violence was first to create an 
artificial famine, at least temporarily an acute shortage of grain and food 
commodities in Paris itself. He did this primarily by buying up a lot of grain 
and storing it in his warehouses and secret locations while he sent out his 
emissaries to tell the people that the food had been taken by the King and the 
King had no compassion for their plight and misery. 
In fact, one of the eyewitnesses to this Orléans plot, the writer Bailey, stated 
very clearly, ³The parties who sought to bring about an insurrection, well 
realizing that there was no finer opportunity than the one of supplies, made 
every effort to make an unequal division either by pillaging our convoys 
outside the city or taking them by force from the bakers within or else by 
cornering the bread so that one should have too much and others should do 
without or in purposefully placing amongst the crowd assembled at the 
bakers' doors strong men who could ill-treat and injure the weak so as to 
make the people complain. When I passed in front of one of these shops and 
saw this crowd, my heart was torn, and I can still hardly see a baker's shop 
without emotion."
So, actually by a number of means of interfering with the distribution of 
available grains and food commodities in France, an artificial famine in the 
early months of 1789 was engineered by agents of the Duke of Orléans, 
Philippe Egalite, the leader of the Illuminized Grand Orient lodges.
It was out of these lodges, directly within their ranks, that came the 
organizations called the Jacobin Clubs. The Jacobin Clubs provided the 
direct leadership for the events of the French Revolution.
The first event that is unfortunately romanticized so falsely by novelists like 
Charles Dickens and Victor Hugo was the siege of the Bastille which, 
tragically, has become a French national holiday, July 14th of each year. 
The Bastille was an old prison in Paris, a short distance from the Notre 
Dame Cathedral, overlooking the Seine. The prison no longer stands but the 
site is preserved as a national monument. 
In 1789 the revolutionists began to spread all kinds of propaganda about 
what a horrible place it must be, what torture must go on there, horrors 
occurring in the dungeons, how many poor souls were thrown in there for 
lack of money, inability to pay debts, or for seeking reform or being opposed 
to the privileged position of the nobility, aristocracy or the monarchy.
The facts were quite different and it was not possible at all to engineer any 
popular resistance against this prison or any other aspect of the Old Regime. 
It could only be done through deliberate deceit.
It was just a couple of days before July 14, 1789, that members of the 
Orléans faction, Jacobin Club members who were French Illuminists already 
initiated into the conspiracy, put out the rumor that an insurrection was 
spreading from one part of Paris to the central area where the Bastille was 
located and that, in order to protect the monarchy, it would be necessary for 
a crowd of people to go to the Bastille where arms and ammunition were 
stored. In obtaining the arms and ammunition, the people, the mob who went 
to the prison, could then protect the monarchy and the existing civil order. 
An insurrection was triggered in one part of the city to emphasize the reality 
of this danger.
It is estimated that perhaps one out of every eight hundred living in Paris - 
there were an estimated 800,000 citizens - participated in this march on the 
Bastille. As the crowd began to advance on the Bastille, there was no way 
for the guards stationed on the towers at the top of the structure to know why 
this large crowd of about a thousand people was approaching. There may 
have been false messages transferred to them also. They fired upon the 
crowd, thinking it was hostile, and then a number of very ugly atrocities 
were committed as the mob broke into the prison.
Interestingly enough, when they broke into the Bastille, they did not find the 
torture dungeons and the horrible place that they had had described to them. 
Indeed, one of the members of the Illuminati was Jean Marat. He is the 
inspiration for the Marat-Sade play about his sexual proclivities and 
addiction to sado-masochism. In fact, the name the Marquis de Sade is very 
closely associated with him) had just been released from the Bastille about 
four days before the attack occurred and he had an entire floor of rooms 
given over to him for a brief stay. He had apparently committed some public 
disturbance or something and had been put in there very briefly. 
Anyway, when the mob reached the inside, they found only seven 
inhabitants in the entire prison, all living quite comfortably in this horrible 
monstrosity of despotism - four forgers, two lunatics who were mad before 
they were imprisoned, and the Count de Solages, who was incarcerated for 
³monstrous crimes" at the request of his family. That's it. There was no one 
else in the building. But, of course, because the misunderstanding occurred 
and because the mob retaliated against the soldiers who were stationed there, 
a lot of blood was shed and it is commemorated as an uprising of the 
downtrodden masses against the monarchy and its abuses but, of course, it 
wasn't that at all. That was must a masterful example of organized, stage-
managed subversion and deception. 
It was at this time that the conspiracy first perfected a number of its 
strategies and techniques that have been used so successfully since that time.
I want do digress just a moment because I think this will help illustrate some 
of the things we are talking about today. I am not a person who is 
particularly interested in dramatizations or fictional portrayals of what we 
are talking about because, in order to be entertaining, dramatizations or 
fictional portrayals always have to take license with the facts. I think the 
facts, as best we know them, are usually quite interesting in and of 
themselves.
Still, about 1970, there was a television movie made for NBC which I 
thought contained a remarkable portrayal in contemporary mode of the way 
the Conspiracy operates in a number of capacities. It was a movie that some 
of you may have seen called Brotherhood of the Bell.  
This movie starred Glenn Ford as an alumnus of the College of St. George, 
going back for a twentieth anniversary reunion where he participates in 
initiating a new young man into the Brotherhood of the Bell, into which he 
was initiated 20 years earlier by his superior, played by Dean Jagger.
I am going to show you several scenes today from the film that I think are 
unusually illustrative of some of the things we are talking about. Certainly, 
in this first scene, the benefits that are made available to conspirators in 
reward for their cooperation in the efforts of the overall drive. In this scene, 
the initiation ceremony is over and Glenn Ford is saying farewell to his 
superior, Dean Jagger. While walking toward the parking lot with the young 
man who has now come under him in the chain of command, he speaks 
briefly with regard to the unlimited benefits that are available to all members 
in return for their affiliation and total obedience. [A portion of the film was 
shown at this point.]
There are many interesting things about the French Revolution that are 
illustrative of the strategy that was being tried out for the first time during 
this period and perfected for later use by the Illuminists in France. There 
were a number of things that were simply talked about and were not tried.  
Robespierre became one of Girondin leaders of the Jacobin regime and 
helped administer the execution of an estimated 300,000 Frenchmen during 
the Reign of Terror, over 90 percent of whom were poor people who were 
supposed to be the beneficiaries of the Revolution. Most of the conspirators 
who actually helped engineer the French Revolution and remained on the 
scene were caught up and killed in the conflagration that got out of hand. At 
about the time of his death in 1794, Robespierre favored the policy of 
deliberately murdering 15 million Frenchmen so that the remaining food 
supplies would be adequate because during the Revolution, even in rural 
areas outside Paris, agricultural stores were burned and destroyed, stolen, 
confiscated and, just like in any other imposition of a Communist police 
state, production dropped off drastically.
We might recall that the initial artificial famine of 1789 was a conspiratorial 
precursor of the Communist use of artificial famine, both during the 
consolidation of power in the Soviet Union and the destruction of seven or 
eight million human beings in the Ukraine during the 1930's under orders of 
Stalin and Khrushchev. Since 1974, among other places, in the nation of 
Ethiopia the Communist thug Mengistu has used artificially created famine 
and artificially worsened famine to consolidate control and eliminate 
opposition.
During the French Revolution and Reign of Terror, it is interesting to note 
that the entire calendar was changed in France because it had religious 
significance. If you think about it, seven days a week, why? 1,794 years 
since what happened? The first conscription for military service was put into 
effect during this period, which I think is very interesting. The metric system 
was also adopted, not so much because of its inherent or alleged superiority, 
but because it would eradicate the monarchical, if not religious, origin of 
other systems of measurement. In effect, remember the conspiracy not only 
wanted to purge monarchs and priests, but they wanted to destroy the 
existing order and all references and parameters by which it was described.
One of the important strategies that was perfected during this period was that 
of the manufactured smear. 
This, of course, has been used against enemies of the Conspiracy, including 
enemies of the Communists, very successfully since that time and there are 
quite a few outstanding examples we could discuss. But to understand 
perhaps its first successful application, we must note something called the 
³Diamond Necklace Affair" in France which occurred before the Revolution 
began.

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You read about the details of the siege of the Bastille, the massacres of 
September and the other events of the French Revolution in Nesta Webster's 
magnificent historical study, The French Revolution. In her later works, 
Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette Before the Revolution and a subsequent 
volume, Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette During the Revolution, you read 
about the artificially engineered campaign of slander and smear directed at 
these two monarchs who, if anything, could only be faulted because of their 
innocence, their gullibility, their good intentions and their tendency never to 
distrust other people and to think that what they were about to face could 
never happen.  
But the Diamond Necklace Affair was actually a project of a leading 
member of the Illuminati from Italy, a Sicilian named Joseph Balsamo. A 
magician, a charlatan, who called himself the Count de Cagliostro, he was a 
very important roving ambassador for Adam Weishaupt, helping to organize 
the upcoming events of the French Revolution, and also spreading, along 
Mirabeau and Knigge, the Order beyond its original base. He was 
responsible for setting up the Diamond Necklace Affair deliberately to 
disgrace and embarrass the Catholic Church and the monarchy in France.
It seems that the Cardinal de Rohan, who was the Bishop of Strasbourg, had 
fallen in love with Queen Marie Antoinette. She happened to despise him, so 
his chances were not very good. An adventuress of the court, the Countess 
de la Mothe and Illuminist Cagliostro informed Cardinal de Rohan that they 
possessed the means of winning Marie Antoinette's favor. The Cardinal, 
who was a handsome but very vain man, believed them. Cagliostro set up a 
nocturnal interview in a grove of the Palais de Versailles with a 
chambermaid. The chambermaid was apparently dressed in a dark cloak, her 
features were not easily recognized, and she kept her distance.  Pretending to 
be the Queen, she begged the Cardinal to act as an intermediary between 
herself and two jewelers for the purchase of a magnificent diamond necklace 
worth $1.5 million, worth much more today, which she wished to procure 
secretly but in a way that would not alarm her husband, the King. 
The business was transacted, the necklace was delivered to the Madame de 
la Mothe and disposed of in London. When the request for payment of the 
first installment was sent in, the whole affair came to light. Louis XVI 
ordered the arrest of Rohan, Cagliostro, the Countess and their accomplices. 
If Louis XVI had been a brutal authoritarian monarch, he would have 
punished them very severely. He would have sent the Cardinal to a 
monastery from where he would never have been heard again. Instead, Louis 
XVI, generous to a fault, was nice enough to send him for trial before the 
Parliament. The trial was long and scandalous. While he was given a fair 
trial, the court factions intervened in favor of the accused in order to 
humiliate the Queen and, possibly by that time, enough Illuminists were 
involved in the proceedings to worsen them. This event was a contrived, 
artificial hoax. It never involved the intentions, desires or interests of the 
Queen or the Church. But the Illuminists issued very scurrilous, slanderous 
tracts, letters and handbills that were distributed throughout France implying 
that the Church was a means of procuring fabulous gifts at the expense of the 
poor and the Queen was a lady who would sell herself for a diamond 
necklace.  Of course, this was a disgraceful slander on both institutions, but 
it fueled the propagandists who were bringing on the revolution. Webster's 
two-volume work is the best source available on that subject.

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This is a wood-cut engraving of Joseph Balsamo, the Count de Cagliostro, 
about this period of time.

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Of course, during the Reign of Terror the regicides occurred. Both Louis 
XVI and Marie Antoinette, after being held prisoner, humiliated and 
intimidated for a long period of time, finally were sent to the scaffold along 
with Robespierre, the Duke of Orléans and so many of the other people who 
had triggered the events.
Out of this chaos that had been produced in France, many of the Illuminists 
felt that a solution might be at hand. One notable example was a leading 
emissary of Weishaupt, Francois Noel (he called himself ³Gracchus") 
Babeuf.  He was a very bright, long-term visionary who was in the 
leadership of the Illuminati in France.
 
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This solution would be some sort of man on a white horse. He would 
intervene amid the chaos of the Reign of Terror, the tremendous loss of life, 
the sewers of the city running red with blood, and would restore order. Then 
he would launch a campaign to establish some sort of military supremacy 
over, not only France, but more of Europe, consolidating power, and maybe 
establish the Universal Republic, the world government which was the 
Illuminati's original objective.
The order that they would establish, the solution they would provide to the 
chaos they planned, provoked and engineered, could thereby be quickly 
brought about. This possible solution was a young Corsican military officer 
who came to be known as Napoleon Bonaparte.  
It is very interesting that there is good quality documentation that as early as 
1794, 1795, by the very beginning of the Reign of Terror, Napoleon 
Bonaparte, a young man at this time, was initiated on at least three occasions 
into the Illuminati through French lodges under its control.

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The evidence you are looking at is the reference to documents on his 
initiation which appeared in an article in a very important periodical that is 
virtually unknown to the public and all but a few historians. 
It's called the Transactions of the Quator Coronati Lodge, or the Ars Quator 
Coronatorum.  This is a lodge or branch of British freemasonry.  It's a small 
lodge that has published a journal for over 100 years, but you don't find 
them anywhere except masonic libraries. They are open to the public and 
you can go and read them. In this journal, mostly retired British, American 
and some European freemasons have done a tremendously detailed amount 
of research on every aspect of the history of secret societies, freemasonry, 
and anything concerned with the subject. 
In one article on Napoleon I and freemasonry that appeared quite a number 
of years ago, these documents were reproduced. They demonstrated that 
Napoleon was indeed initiated into the Illuminati and brought under their 
control.  Some of you remember from your own study of history that, after 
coming to power, Napoleon became somewhat uncontrollable. Although 
Napoleon certainly began the process of consolidating the expansion of 
power as an initiate and subservient member of the Illuminati, he began to 
spread his power throughout Europe and consolidate more of it under his 
own dominion, nominally the French Empire. At the same time, he grew to 
enjoy the imperial power that he held in his hand. He enjoyed his ability to 
take his relatives and move them around like pawns on a chessboard and 
place them in power in various principalities, monarchies, duchies and little 
states, then replace them at will, conquer them or just become their sponsor 
and support them.  In effect, I think he graduated beyond his subservient 
responsibility to the Illuminati. 
By 1810 it seemed already some of the latter battles in which his forces had 
suffered European defeats were the result of deliberately false information 
provided by lieutenants and counselors around him. By the time he was at 
St. Helena, Napoleon seems to have been very apprehensive in his writings 
that he was not only being betrayed, not only being punished by people who 
had previously been his benefactors and helped him attain his position of 
power, but that he was in danger of being murdered. It was only in the last 
20 years that some European, primarily Scandinavian, scientists were able to 
obtain genuine hair samples of Napoleon, do hair analysis testing to 
determine that yes, indeed, he was poisoned with arsenic. This research was 
published in a book by David Hapgood called The Murder of Napoleon.

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I want to discuss a few examples of the primary evidence on the Illuminati's 
survival, transition and continuity up through the French Revolution and the 
Napoleonic period. You are looking at the Marquis de Luchet's Essay on the 
Sect of the Illuminati, probably the rarest item I have in my library. This was 
written and distributed as a pamphlet in Paris in early 1789 by someone who 
had been initiated into the Illuminized lodges of the French Grand Orient 
and who knew of the oncoming plans of the Orléans faction for bringing 
about the events of the revolution. He was warning the public about these 
events months before they occurred.  
This goes beyond the objection we sometimes receive from orthodox 
historians who say, ³Well, you people who believe in a conspiracy, look at 
an event like the French Revolution many years later and impose your 
interpretation on the events  and describe them as a conspiracy." This 
document is an admission from someone on the inside that this revolution 
was being planned and the warnings in it are remarkable. Not only does de 
Luchet discuss the satanic idealism of the top level Illuminati, but he frankly 
warns his readers what is going to happen.  One quote is illustrative:  
³Deluded people, learn that there exists a conspiracy in favor of despotism, 
against liberty, of incapacity against talent, of vice against virtue, of 
ignorance against enlightenment. This society aims at governing the world. 
It's object is universal domination. This plan may seem extraordinary, 
incredible, yes, but not chimerical. No such calamity has ever yet afflicted 
the world." This was a warning from someone on the inside several months 
before the events began to occur.

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Another interesting book written by an ardent participant in events of the 
Revolution, the author of the famous Oath of the Tennis Court, J. J. 
Mounier, On the Influence Attributed to Philosophers, Free-masons, and to 
the Illuminati on the Revolution in France. This book was written to criticize 
the moral judgment of authors like Robison and Barruel and to defend 
Mounier's own participation in initial events of the revolution. He later 
became a critic of the way the Girondin faction took severe control of France 
at the beginning of the Reign of Terror and he was a critic of Robespierre. 
But he was defending his participation in the early events of the revolution.  
This is an interesting source. It has been reprinted by an academic press for 
libraries. In the book, while still idealistically committed to the revolution, 
he admits the degree to which this group of people I've been discussing were 
responsible for engineering it. Although he is defending what he and others 
did, he is admitting my thesis concerning those responsible for doing it.

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You can also read other sources on Napoleon. One is Monsignor George 
Dillon's The War of Anti-Christ With The Church and Christian 
Civilization, which has been reprinted under the title Grand Orient 
Freemasonry Unmasked. In that book you will find a very interesting 
description of the sabotaging of Napoleon toward the end of his military 
campaigns. Illuminists such as the Marquis de Tallyrand, a prior supporter, 
tutor, and assistant to Napoleon, were probably involved in bringing him 
down after he had served his purpose or had become unmanageable.

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This is a very important document because Mirabeau was a leading French 
organizer of the events of the revolution. This is the man who recruited the 
Duke of Orléans, the leader of the French Grand Orient. In this way he 
brought the lodges under the control of the Illuminati. Those lodges spawned 
the Jacobin Clubs and provoked the revolution. In this document Mirabeau is 
admitting his entire grand scheme. This is the equivalent of a Carroll 
Quigley-type admission from a much higher level or source, and it is a very 
important document that we hope to publish and make available in the 
future.

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Then there is the issue raised frequently by historians as to whether or not 
the Illuminati survived its outlawing by the Bavarian government and what 
was Weishaupt doing after he was driven out of Germany. He went to 
another German principality and, later, to one of the Italian principalities and 
was guest of an initiated noble who had property there. But he was active 
until his death in 1830, corresponding and meeting with other Illuminist 
emissaries and agents he had sent out for various purposes to different 
countries. Some of the correspondence between them and Weishaupt or in 
reference to Weishaupt from 1789 to 1814, was published in 1913 in France 
in this book which was largely the personal correspondence of a member of 
the Illuminati in France, the Marquis de Chefdebiand d'Amand. [Benjamin 
Fabre, Un Initié des Sociétés Secrètes supérieures ³Franciscus, Eques A 
Capite Galeato" 1753-1814, Portrait et Documents inédits Nombreuses 
reproductions en Photogravure, Preface de Copin-Albancelli (Paris: La 
Renaissance Française, 1913)] All of his correspondence was published, a 
good deal of it is photographically reproduced - the original handwritten 
letters reproduced in the book - and these are correspondence with reference 
to the activities of Weishaupt and his supervision over the Illuminati's 
activities for decades after it was outlawed and before his death.

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These are just some samples or pages from that correspondence.

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The Illuminati spread to other countries and one of the first it came to was 
Ireland. By 1798, French agents had gone to Ireland, a couple of the ones 
already mentioned travelled there and to  other parts of the British Isles. 
They saw an opportunity for accomplishing several purposes.
First of all, creating a revolutionary movement in Ireland would contribute to 
the gradual destruction of the British Empire, starting a movement that 
would eventually break away a section of the Empire from British dominion. 
The second objective, of course, would be the tactic of creating hatred and 
dissension along religious lines, dividing the people along religious lines, 
and inflaming, worsening, and making use of religious tensions that may 
have existed culturally or historically prior to that time. 
In 1798 French soldiers landed at Bantry Bay in Ireland and expected to be 
received by the organization the Illuminati had already established there. It 
was called the United Irishmen and was a very small group planning to get 
the local peasantry to rise up and produce another French Revolution on 
Irish soil. When the French troops landed, they were attacked and subdued 
by Irish residents. The plans were unsuccessful. There was no basis for 
popular support of any kind at this time. 			The United 
Irishmen, as you can see in this book on the subject, was modeled on the 
original pyramidal structure of the Illuminati, a copy of the Illuminati's 
organization operating in Ireland. It was set up initially in the Catholic 
community and recruited members of Catholic extraction, but the leaders of 
the organization were not religious at all and were committed to creating 
racial hatred and violence toward a revolution. 
It was out of the United Irishmen that all of the subversive movements in 
Ireland during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries came. These included 
the Irish Republican Brotherhood in the mid-nineteenth century, the Sinn 
Fein, the Clan-Na-Gael and numerous other secret societies which gave birth 
to the twentieth-century Irish Republican Army, by 1920 the partitioning of 
Ireland and creation of the Republic of Ireland and, finally, the KGB-
directed terrorism that exists in that unhappy country in recent years.

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There is a magnificent book on this subject, written by former Chief of 
Police of Ireland, Hugh Bertie Campbell Pollard in 1920, The Secret 
Societies of Ireland. This book traces everything going on in Ireland up 
through the independence warfare and the partitioning of the country in 1920 
directly back to the United Irishmen and the Illuminati. It is very well 
documented but quite rare. This is the sort of material that we think, at least 
to some extent, would be worth reprinting today to  understand better what 
has been going on in that country for 200 years, that it has nothing to do with 
conflicts between Protestants and Catholics. And, of course, the same 
deliberate agents of provocation have been working in the Protestant 
community in Ireland to create hatred against Catholics and violence also in 
response. We will see some parallels to that later on.

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Another country that was already infiltrated and a fertile area for 
development of revolutionary activities was Russia. By 1815 Russia had 
been prepared for French revolutionary activity by the influence that French 
revolutionists had in the Czarist court of the Romanoffs.  
Catherine the Great, in the late eighteenth century, declared herself the 
protector of freemasonry, and in 1784, the Imperial Lodge was formed at St. 
Petersburg. In 1792 it was discovered that the Grand Master of Russian 
Freemasonry, Prince Novikov, had initiated the Grand Duke, who later 
became Czar Paul I. Novikov was thrown into in the fortress at 
Schüsselburg, and the Princes Leopuchian, Troubetskoy, and Turgenev were 
exiled to their estates. 
At the turn of the nineteenth century, the nobility involved in freemasonic 
activities were temporarily punished. But, by this time, Paul I succeeded 
Catherine. He favored freemasonry and released Novikov, but, in 1797, he 
was still pressured to close the lodges and to exile most of the dangerous 
initiates.
The next Czar, Alexander I, was unfortunately influenced by the Illuminati 
from his youth. Remember the Illuminati sought to place their members as 
tutors and to the sons of the very wealthy and powerful, to young princes 
who would later be in a position to rule over countries. 	
Frédéric César Laharpe was one of those French Illuminist professors who 
was to sent to tutor future Austrian heads of state and young Alexander I and 
tried to indoctrinate them with revolutionary doctrine. Alexander I was, 
unfortunately, surrounded from the beginning.
Other lodges were established by this time. I was in the Soviet Union for 
eight weeks in 1969. Right in Leningrad in the Winter Palace Square where 
the Bolsheviks seized power in the fall coup of 1917, there is a marble 
column on a black granite base, the Alexandrine column that was built in 
honor of Alexander I about 1815. Right on the base of the monument is the 
Illuminist eye above the triangle, commemorating the fact that already the 
French troops invading Russia during the Napoleonic Wars had brought the 
Order in and it penetrated into the imperial court through a number of 
influential people. There were other Illuminati in the court at that time.

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This is Baroness Julie de Krüdener, a celebrity, so to speak, around the court 
because she was sort of a fortune teller, a seer, a mystic, someone 
supposedly who had psychic powers. She was very close to members of the 
court of Alexander I for a while. The only problem was, being an German 
Illuminist herself, she tipped her hand one time when she said she had a 
vision that someone she identified was going to poison Alexander I. On 
investigation it was discovered that Baroness de Krüdener had asked this 
someone to do so. So, she fell into disfavor, but she was an example of an 
Illuminist who was very close to Alexander and spread Illuminist influence 
in the court.
By 1825, young Alexander had grown to middle age and became so 
interested in what we might call ³meditative contemplation and spiritual 
growth" of some sort that he decided to retire from being czar. Many people 
believed that he died in 1825. There is some controversy about this. He 
actually went away to a monastic order and lived as a monk for a number of 
years. 
This created a problem. His ³death" was announced in 1825. He ³died" 
childless, and the law of succession of 1797 dictated that he should not be 
followed by his brother, Constantine, who had held the post of commander-
in-chief of the Polish Army after 1815. 
Constantine did not want to be czar, and knew that the law of 1797 would 
prevent his children from coming to the throne because he was married to a 
Polish lady. Constantine was in Warsaw, and Alexander's other brother, 
Nicholas, was in St. Petersburg.

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This is Alexander's other brother, Nicholas I, who became the czar at this 
point. Nicholas and Alexander both knew in 1823 that Alexander had 
prepared a manifesto confirming the refusal of Constantine to be czar and 
appointing Nicholas. 
After the news of the czar's ³death" reached St. Petersburg on December 8, 
and Constantine again told Nicholas he did not intend to become the 
emperor, Nicholas chose December 26 to be the day when he would be 
given the oath of czar. By this time the Illuminati had formed organizations 
in Russia, particularly the United Slavs. These were, of course, populated by 
Illuminist members of Grand Orient Freemasonry, nobility and aristocracy in 
the Russian military and the court. The plotters spread rumors among the 
regiments that Nicholas's move was illegal and he was usurping 
Constantine's rightful claim. They planned to mutiny on December 14, and 
one of them, Prince Troubetskoy, was appointed to be the temporary ruler-
in-waiting of the country.  It was ironic that the prince never appeared on the 
14th and later remarked that the revolt had set back the cause of reform in 
Russian by 50 years. It came to be called the Decemberist Revolt.
One Frenchmen who visited Russia shortly thereafter wrote his memoirs. 
The Marquis de Custine, A Journey Through Russia, describes very briefly 
what he learned about the Decemberist Revolt of December 1825. He wrote 
this: ³The means the conspirators employed to arouse the army was a 
ridiculous lie. They spread the rumor that Nicholas was usurping the crown, 
opposing his brother, Constantine, who was advancing toward St. Petersburg 
to defend his rights, arms at hand. Such were the means they took to 
persuade the rebels to cry under the windows of the palace Œlong live the 
Constitution.' "
The leaders had told the troops that the word ³Constitution" was the name of 
the wife of Emperor Constantine. When they said in Russian, ³long live the 
Constitution," the troops thought they were referring to the wife of 
Alexander's brother, Constantine, who they thought was the lawful new 
ruler being usurped by Nicholas I. You see that loyalty was in the hearts of 
the soldiers, the ones who revolted and they could not be led to rebellion 
except by a fraud, once again deliberately tricked, stage-managed into 
provoking violence.
After a number of hours of patient pleading with the rebels to surrender and 
at great personal risk to his own life, as one Russian officer who approached 
had been mortally wounded, Nicholas was forced to fire upon the square, 
breaking the group and arresting the people who were responsible. In doing 
so they discovered a great deal of additional evidence. Nicholas spent a lot 
of time very carefully investigating the subject and became an authority on 
the subversion that was underway. For his wisdom and his efforts of deal 
with it decisively, he is condemned by most contemporary historians. If you 
read about the nineteenth-century Russia, they are usually most critical of 
Nicholas I.

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It was obvious that some of the people involved in this conspiracy, members 
of the United Slavs, Count Paul Pestel (pictured here), were only the tools of 
the Illuminists who were even operating this artificial insurrection from 
outside Russia.
It is very probable that Pestel realized all too late that he had been merely a 
tool of the dark forces, made use of by savage and envious men. In 
connection with his observation that the Russian secret societies were 
branches of the Illuminati network, the Russian author, Merejkovsky relates 
a curious statement made by Paul Pestel shortly before his execution: 
³Our aim is the same and our forces are yours on the sole condition that you 
submit yourself absolutely to the Sovereign Duma [or governing body] of 
the Society of the South [that was the inner core of the United Slavs]. ŒWhat 
Duma? Where is it, and who belongs to it? According to the rules of the 
Society, I cannot reveal it ... but look!' He took a pencil and piece of paper, 
drew a circle, writing within - ŒSovereign Duma,' tracing rays from it, at the 
extremity of which he drew other smaller circles. [Pestel added:] ŒThe great 
central circle ... is the Sovereign Duma; the lines from the circle are the 
intermediaries, and the little circles the districts which communicate with the 
Duma, not directly, but by intermediaries.' " 
He was referring to a structure that was already being installed throughout 
Europe, a continuation of the Illuminati but under a new name. Its leadership 
was given the name Alta Vendita, the Haute Vente Romaine, or the highest 
lodge of the Italian Grand Orient or the Italian Carbonari.

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One of the people who provided some interesting testimony about that 
Illuminist tutor to Alexander I, Frederick Laharpe, was to become Austrian 
head of state. He was Clemens von Metternich. As a young man he was also 
subjected to attempted indoctrination by this fellow. As head of state of 
Austria in the early to mid-nineteenth century, he was probably the leading 
articulate opponent of the conspiracy's plan of furthering revolutionary 
purposes in Europe. He was trying very hard to put Europe back together 
again from the disorder that it had suffered. I want to read a letter that he 
wrote an Austrian representative or associate in London in 1832.  
³Germany has long suffered from the evil which has now spread over the 
whole of Europe. In some sense the evil may be said to have been in 
existence there previous to the outbreak in France in 1789. The sect of the 
Illuminati, the first Radical association, owed its existence long before that 
time to the weakness of the Bavarian government and the complicity of 
several men who were among its members from the first. This sect, in spite 
of all endeavors on the part of the same government to put it down by the 
severest measures of repression has never ceased to exist from that time 
forward and has assumed in turn, according to circumstances and the 
requirements of the moment, the names of Tugenbund, Burschenschaft, &c."
The Tugenbund or the league or band of virtue was the name of the 
Illuminati organized in the German-speaking lands.

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As Metternich said, the influence of the Illuminati went back to the end of 
the eighteenth century. Among the German-speaking states, Prussia was 
during this period the leading competitive opponent and enemy of Austria. 
Prussia's king, Frederick the Great, had virtually become an Illuminist by 
the time the French Revolution occurred.
This is a drawing of Frederick the Great participating in an Illuminized 
freemasonic lodge ceremony. 

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After the defeat of Napoleon, Germany went back to the status it had been 
before 1789. The German-speaking lands were a confederation, a loose 
grouping, an alliance of 37 separate little monarchies, duchies, principalities, 
minor states with kings, princes and royal courts. It was very difficult for the 
Illuminati to penetrate all of these, seize and maintain control efficiently 
over them and their royal families. 
It would be much easier if it were possible to consolidate all the German-
speaking lands into one central government, to create what France and 
England already had - a nation state. This was to become the project of the 
Illuminati for the nineteenth century but was stated considerably earlier.
A very important Illuminist who was the recruit of Mirabeau and Knigge, 
the Marquis de Constanza, said, ³In Germany there must be only one or two 
princes at the most, and these princes must be illuminized and so led by our 
adepts and surrounded by them so that no profane man may approach their 
persons." This was the reason the Illuminati formed student societies. I said 
earlier that the German Union was formed to control the media, publishing, 
and book distribution. They also founded university organizations and 
fraternities in the German-speaking lands to promote the idea of German 
unity and, eventually, one central government. Why was this so popular at 
the time?  Simply because these people could say, ³Look, we've just 
managed to throw off the French rulers. We've just managed to stop this 
maniac, Napoleon, this mad Frenchman from taking control of Europe and 
from abolishing German culture. We almost fell prey to total dictatorship by 
the French because we were not united. We were all divided, separate little 
states involved in our little petty affairs. The only way we can prevent 
another Napoleon is to be united and strong and have a central government 
with some national purpose and destiny."
Already the rhetoric that would serve the Nazi movement, which came out 
of these secret societies a century later, was being created in what is called 
the Pan-Germanic movement and through the Tugenbund and 
Berschenschaften.
Those of you who have read about the Skull and Bones Club, the fraternity 
at Yale that has been the subject of a number of provocative books by my 
former colleague, Anthony Sutton, may be interested to know that the 
connection between the Illuminati and Skull and Bones was through the 
Tugenbund and Berschenschaften.
The Skull and Bones Club at Yale is actually the Russell Benevolent Trust 
Association, and it was founded by a student named Russell who visited for 
a brief period of time in some of the German universities in the 1830's. He 
matriculated through the Tugenbund and Berschenschaften, became an 
initiate of those organizations, picked up the Illuminati's spooky rites, 
ceremony, regalia, and brought them back to Yale. They became the 
ornamental trappings of the Skull and Bones Club and, hence, the superficial 
interesting resemblance between the two.  Other than that, there isn't much 
direct connection with the Illuminati, but it was through this period of 
organization in the German states toward a German unification movement 
that that secret society was the inspiration of someone temporarily visiting 
there who took it back to Yale University.

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This is Baron Karl Fredric von Stein, who was very important. He was both 
an enemy of Napoleon and someone who built the Tugenbund and 
Berschenschaften movements primarily on the basis of it preventing future 
dangers from the French. He was an active conspirator in helping to bring 
Napoleon down after he had served his purpose and was no longer useful. 
Stein, educated in law, was appointed Director of Mines by his native 
German monarchy, Prussia, in 1778 when he was only 21 years old. He 
spent the next 10 years in various administrative and ambassadorial 
positions. In 1786 he began a year's stay in England, ostensibly to study 
British mining techniques. He began organizing Illuminist activities there. 
In 1807 Stein became Prime Minister of Prussia, six years later he was made 
head of a council which divided and awarded Prussian lands reconquered 
from Napoleon. He was instrumental in fomenting the 1825 Decembrist 
Revolt in Russia while he was an emissary from Prussia to the Russian court. 
He was a very influential Illuminist, multi-national conspirator and a leader 
of the early Pan-Germanic movement.

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This is one very important source published in Paris in 1819, the History of 
the German Secret Societies and Their Work in Other Countries [by 
Lombard (Vincent) de Langres]. It provides some early documentation on 
that subject.

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But it was in the Italian-speaking lands on the Italian peninsula that the same 
strategy was most obviously initiated after 1810.  And this  was a situation 
similar to the German lands. All of today's Italy was a loose federation of 
separate duchies, principalities, small monarchies, with the Catholic Church, 
the Vatican and the Papal States (principalities under the Church's direct 
control) leading the Catholic life and culture of the Italian people.
This was something that the Conspiracy could not tolerate as opposition as 
they spread their conquests throughout Europe. They set up a campaign in 
Italy which came to be known as the Risorgamento or the campaign for 
Italian unification. From 1815 to its success in 1870, almost simultaneously 
with the unification of Germany, the Italian campaign was aimed not only at 
replacing all of the separate monarchies with one central government. They 
planned that government to be anti-Catholic, devoid of any clerical influence 
culturally and educationally, turning the Church and its properties into a 
surrounded fortress. 
They also wanted to establish a dictatorial socialist government that, along  
with the imperial German government after 1870, could be manipulated into 
a world war which was already being planned during the mid-nineteenth 
century.
The organizational structure established in  Italy for this purpose by the 
Illuminati after 1800 was called the Carbonari. The name means ³charcoal 
burners" and it is an organization that existed in, perhaps, some other forms 
or had some historical antecedents prior to the Illuminati's organization. 
But the structure of the Illuminati in Italy as the Carbonari was 
unmistakable. The pattern, the degrees, all of the structure of the 
organization was copied from Weishaupt and was under the control of his 
representatives and emissaries.

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The leader of Italian Grand Orient Freemasonry, the leader of the Italian 
Illuminati for most of the period 1820 to 1870 was Giuseppe Mazzini. He 
was also the leader of the Italian unification campaign, the Carbonari and a 
public organization of support called Young Italy.

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It is very interesting to study the Carbonari because we find some other 
things historically growing out of it. The Carbonari, as originally organized, 
had three departments.  One of the three divisions was the Turba or the 
³mob." It was probably the least important in terms of authority and was 
designed for collecting wealth through criminal activities, and using this 
money for revolutionary purposes. It gave birth to another organization you 
may have heard about called the Mafia.
The antecedents of the Mafia were originally a branch of the Carbonari 
initially designed for fundraising purposes and which later grew into, shall 
we say, a freelancing, entrepreneurial activity all their own.

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One of the leaders of the Italian Carbonari was Felice Orsini. He was a 
lieutenant directly under Mazzini in the gradually strengthening and growing 
military campaign to consolidate power over Italy. 
In the German campaign Prussia took the lead and the princes in Prussia 
rode the wave of expediency in supporting the German unification 
movement. Most of the headquarters and organization of the German 
unification was in Prussia.  
In Italy it was in the Kingdom of Piedmont, under the administration of the 
court of the House of Savoy and, particularly during this period, King Victor 
Emmanuel II. But Felice Orsini was one of the travelling emissaries and 
early terrorists of the Conspiracy.
In the early 1850's a nephew of Illuminist Napoleon Bonaparte, Louis 
Napoleon Bonaparte came to power in France and soon proclaimed himself 
the new Emperor of France, Napoleon III.  Although a member of the 
Carbonari in his younger days, he felt out of favor with the conspirators and 
became a target for Orsini's bombs.

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There was an attempt on the life of Louis Napoleon or Napoleon III on 
January 14, 1858. This is a drawing of the incident. Orsini was killed but 
Louis Napoleon managed to survive this attempt on his life.

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Other leaders of the movement in Italy were, of course, Giuseppe Garibaldi, 
who joined the Grand Orient in Italy in the 1820's. Pictured here as a 
principal military commander in the later seizures of Rome, this picture of 
Garibaldi was taken late in his life when he had retired to Milan.

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One of the beneficiaries of the Illuminati's campaign in Italy was Francesco 
Crispi. He was an Italian prime minister for two terms of office in the 1880's 
and his career illustrates the way in which the Illuminati controls someone 
like a head of state, a politician, who they have helped put in power, who has 
benefited from their support and who then does something that displeases 
them.
They have several choices: this person can meet with a fatal accident or can 
come under severe discipline.
Until 1861, as a member of the Young Italy movement and the Carbonari, 
Francesco Crispi cooperated wholeheartedly with the revolutionaries. They 
also were making use of King Victor Emmanuel II of the House of Savoy in 
the Kingdom of Piedmont to give some legitimacy to their campaign as 
being a patriotic Italian movement.  But, at this time, Crispi did not know 
what was going to happen. He was not sure whether Mazzini or King Victor 
Emmanuel II would emerge as the recipient of power in the new united Italy. 
So he had a private interview with the King and offered his personal 
services, offering to defect from Mazzini and to support Victor Emmanuel 
II.
Around 1860 there were already some grumblings going on: ³You know in 
the united Italy we can't have kings and what would be the place of a Victor 
Emmanuel?" So there was already a little dissension after Victor Emmanuel 
II had served much of his purpose. 
Crispi's attempt to affiliate with the king was discovered by Mazzini's spies 
and Crispi found himself facing death for treason for having done that. Early 
in April, 1862, Crispi attended a dinner of the Emancipation Association at 
Turin. Suddenly he felt ill, very ill. A fire seemed to be burning him. He was 
in the throes of the most appalling agony.  Instead of offering assistance, the 
other guests began to laugh, and one of them, rising, spoke to him severely 
in the following terms: 
³Francesco, you went to visit King Victor Emmanuel without telling us of 
your intention. You offered him your secret services. You let him know that 
you were ready to go over at the first opportunity. Until then you opinions 
had been Republican. Well, that is treason. We have condemned you. You 
are poisoned. You are a dead man."  
The way we know what was said is because people who were there wrote 
accounts of this later.
The poison had indeed been administered in the bread. Among the 
organizers of the banquet was a baker who had formally contributed to the 
expulsion of the Grand Duke of Tuscany, one of the Italian states, when the 
Illuminati's power was being consolidated there, and who became a member 
of the radical directing committee. On this occasion the baker had kneaded 
the bread himself. Each guest found his place at the table marked by a small 
roll bearing his name traced on the crust in white dough.  All the guests, 
agreeably surprised, congratulated the baker for his delicate attention to 
detail, but the piece of bread marked ³Crispi" had been separately kneaded 
and contained the poison.
Crispi realized quite well at this point that all was lost; he knew there was no 
escape.  All exits to the banquet hall were closed, and he was too weak to 
fight. Without recrimination and in the throes of acute pain, he dropped into 
a chair upon which, writhing in agony, he awaited a lingering death.
The others surrounded him, watching.  Suddenly a curtain parted, someone 
entered the room. It was Mazzini.  
³Poor wretch," he said to the dying man. I pity you."  
At these words, Crispi looked up, his dim eyes gleamed; suddenly he 
murmured feebly, ³Yes, ambition made me betray, it is true; I was going to 
sell myself, but I die. Don't insult my agony. Don't mock me. I suffer too 
much."  
Mazzini responded, ³I do not speak to you in derision, Francesco. I forgive 
you. Drink this and you are saved. You will be reborn." So saying, he forced 
the man's lips apart and administered an antidote.
After his last words, Crispi had collapsed. Sometime later he came to. He 
opened his eyes and said, ³Where am I?"  		
Mazzini said, ³You have returned from the realm of the dead."  
Crispi responded, ³Oh, yes, I remember now. Please have mercy. Am I 
really living, or is this a dream?"
And this is what Mazzini said, which I think is very significant: 
³You live. Yes, Francesco, but henceforth you are more completely enslaved 
than the last of the negroes for whose freedom they are fighting over there in 
America. You live again, and your ambition will be gratified. You will be 
minister, minister of the monarchy, and you will hold in your hands the reins 
of government, but you will do so without betraying us, without selling 
yourself. You will part from us not privately but publicly. We will denounce 
you, and while denouncing you, we will push you to power. It is the 
monarchy that you will betray by executing our orders when we shall have 
made you minister to the crown. And you will obey us in all things, even 
should the orders we give you seem contradictory, even should their 
execution cause you to pass for a madman in the eyes of Europe. 
³Yes, Francesco, from this day forward, you belong to us. For you must 
never forget that should you place us in a position where it might be 
expedient to cut short your own existence a second time, no power in the 
world could save you from the death, the sufferings of which you have 
known today. Live then for the Grand Orient, fight royalty and the Church.  
You will be the gravedigger of this House of Savoy. It is only an instrument 
for us, and we have condemned it to disappear after it has served our 
purpose."  
And it was carried out. In 1864, Crispi became a royalist and attacked 
Mazzini publicly. In subsequent decades, he became Prime Minister of Italy 
for two separate terms, from 1887 to 1891, then from 1893 to 1896, finally 
falling from power in the midst of  the scandal of the Banco Romana, his 
own Watergate.

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This is King Victor Emmanuel II who, out of expediency, supported and 
then found himself being disposed of, by the Conspiracy's consolidation of 
power in Italy.

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This is Adriano Lemmi, the Grand Orient member who replaced Mazzini 
after 1865 as the leader of the campaign for Italian unification. And this is a 
map showing the organization of the Grand Orient lodges in the Italian 
peninsula after 1820. 

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This is King Humbert I of the House of Savoy who was King of Piedmont 
following the death of Victor Emmanuel II. He was also most expediently 
involved in trying to curry favor with the revolutionists. In 1884, Humbert 
was initiated into the Grand Orient as a Knight Kadosch in the Lodge of the 
Savoy Illuminati that was founded in his honor.  
King Humbert was assassinated by the Illuminists in 1901.

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This is a book published in London in 1821 with the original papers of the 
Carbonari, their writings, their initiation documents, their certificates, a very 
rare book, but one that is available. We would like to reprint some of that 
original documentation.

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This is probably the most important book on the subject of the Illuminati's 
direction of the consolidation of power in Italy. Cretineau-Joly reproduces in 
this book lengthy transcripts from the permanent instructions issued to the 
Illuminists after 1820 for all of the nineteenth century.  
We are going to read from some of those, and I think you will be amazed to 
see how they mirror strategies that you have seen carried out much more 
recently. 
We have covered the attempted assassination of the head of state in Italy 
(Crispi) and the result of bringing that person effectively under control as a 
puppet. We will shortly review the way that was done, most probably, with 
an American president during the nineteenth century.

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This is a book published in France in the 1930's, discussing the development 
of the Carbonari and how the Mafia derived from it as an organizational 
branch or affiliate.

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This is the source of that information on Francesco Crispi, one of a series of 
very controversial books published in Paris from 1885 to 1897 by a group of 
authors who were affiliated with this particular author. Her name was Diana 
Vaughan, an American lady who had become a leader of the satanic circle 
that directed the French Grand Orient.

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This is the only known photograph of Diana Vaughan in the ritual costume 
of what was called the New and Reformed Palladian Rite. At the top of the 
Grand Orient there was a small inner core of membership that served as a 
continuing directorate from Weishaupt's original inner circle.
Later we will talk more about the historical development of the Authority 
level of the Master Conspiracy, the Satanic hierarchy level. The very top 
level of the Illuminati, from Weishaupt onward, has always been formally 
Satanist in its convictions, not atheistic, not materialistic, but religiously 
Luciferian or Satanic in its religious idealism.
The top level at the end of the nineteenth century which had been so 
responsible for helping to direct the Italian unification was within the Italian 
Grand Orient and called the Palladian Rite. 
Diana Vaughan was a member, indeed, a celebrant, an officer in this devil-
worshipping circle that had a number of highly influential political 
personalities in Europe as its members and initiates. In the Palladian Rite she 
had a leadership dispute with Adriano Lemmi, Mazzini's successor, and she 
first decided  to set up her own rival organization. Then she finally, after 
contacts with Catholic authorities, decided to make a conversion to 
Christianity and publish accounts of her experiences within this top level. 
They were shocking, lurid accounts of heads of state and prominent political 
people who were involved in this conspiracy.
In the early 1890's, the story of Diana Vaughan, an American girl who had 
gone to Europe and gotten involved in these things, the controversy of the 
Palladian Rite, became in France the equivalent of Watergate or 
Chappaquiddick in America during the late 1960's and mid-70's. It was an 
horrendous scandal. And the Catholic Church, of course, was very eager to 
have this information because it was helpful in exposing what had been 
happening. 
There was a tremendous amount of public interest in the scandal. I have 
collected part of the literature that came out of this period, altogether 
probably 20,000 to 30,000 pages of small print of different material that was 
published and circulated in France.
Finally, in 1897, one of the principal authors of the material, Gabriel Jogand 
Pages was requested to produce Diana Vaughan publicly for an interview. 
Vaughan had naturally become a target of assassination and had gone into 
hiding. Pages was requested by sympathetic friends to produce her at an 
anti-masonic congress that was being held in Trent.  
Someone stood up at that meeting, claimed to be Pages, and said he had 
made all of this up. He said it had all been a gigantic hoax to embarrass the 
Catholic Church, and none of what he wrote was true. And Diana Vaughan 
did not exist. He said the photograph was his secretary and that he had 
greatly enjoyed making fools of devout Catholics. 
The matter did not rest there. A couple of weeks earlier, eyewitness 
testimony was recorded about a Diana Vaughan, matching the description of 
this photograph and having proof of her identity, who was seen entering a 
convent under the protection of a Catholic order. After that, we know very 
little about what happened to her, but it is known that she and the Palladian 
Rite did exist and she did enter the Catholic order before the conference was 
held at Trent. 
Although Pages may have been a double agent, or he may have been 
impersonated by someone else at that conference, there were other authors 
writing on this subject, associates of Diana Vaughan in the Palladian Rite 
such as Domenico Margiotta, pictured here, whose writings were never 
called into question. 

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This is an area that requires very careful, critical, scholarly investigation, but 
there is a tremendous amount of real information under the surface of the 
controversy which was regarded by most historians after the turn of the 
twentieth century as a gigantic hoax.

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At this point I would like to show you another excerpt from Brotherhood of 
the Bell.  Remember, the character played by Glenn Ford came back to his 
college to initiate a young man into the Brotherhood, a young man who 
would be under his protection and assistance. 
Glenn Ford's character had never been asked to carry out an order from the 
Brotherhood, as required by his solemn oath and obligation. Now he is given 
instructions to do so.  
One of his colleagues at the institute where he works (which remarkably 
resembles the Center for the Study of Democratic Institutions at Santa 
Barbara), is  Hungarian Professor Horvathy, who has just received a 
prominent academic appointment. The Brotherhood of the Bell is anxious 
for one of their members to obtain this appointment but must get Professor 
Horvathy to decline the offer, which is the climax of his academic career. 
The assignment given to Glenn Ford's character is to force his good friend of 
many years' standing to reject this very important opportunity.

[EXCERPT FROM FILM IS SHOWN]

I would also like to give you a little information that was some of the most 
significant on the nineteenth century, most of which was from documents in 
the Vatican archives that were prepared in the 1820's at the beginning of the 
Italian unification campaign and were published in Cretineau-Joly's book 
The Roman Church Against the Revolution, some of which is quoted in 
Nesta Webster's World Revolution. 
These documents provide insight into the motivation of the agents and 
representatives of Adam Weishaupt as they communicated their plans for the 
rest of the nineteenth century.
Two of these people, Count Nubius, and his associate, who called himself 
³the little tiger," Piccolo Tigre, talked about the various motivations that 
they could enlist in their common effort.
One of these communications reads as follows:  ³In the impossibility in 
which our brothers and friends find themselves, to say as yet their last word 
it has been judged good and useful to propagate the light everywhere and to 
set in motion all that which aspires to move. For this reason we do not cease 
to recommend you to affiliate persons of every class, to every manner of 
association, no matter of what kind, only provided that mystery and secrecy 
shall be the dominant characteristics."  
And he goes on to say, ³Under a pretext the most futile, but never political 
or religious, create by yourselves, or better yet cause to be created by others, 
associations having commerce, industry, music, fine arts, or other cultural 
interests for objectives." They were willing to enlist people with quite a 
variety of different motivations.
There were two important emissaries of Weishaupt in the 1820's who 
created permanent revolutionary organizational structures in France, 
Germany, and England. One was the Frenchman Louis Auguste Blanqui. 
The other,  active in France and also in Italy, was Filippo Buonarroti. He 
prepared some permanent instructions in the 1820's that amplified on the 
strategy first perfected during the French Revolution, the manufactured 
smear.  And he says: 
³Now that we are constituted in an active body and that our order begins to 
reign as well in places most remote as in those that are nearest our center, 
one great thought arises, a thought that has always greatly preoccupied the 
men who aspire to the universal regeneration of the world. That thought is 
the liberation of Italy.  [By that he meant the consolidation of Italy under 
their control.]  For from Italy shall one day issue the freedom of the entire 
world, a republic of fraternity, harmony and humanity. This great idea is not 
yet comprehended by our brothers of France. They believe that revolutionary 
Italy can only plot in the shade ... And in the midst of anxieties, which 
agitate the most vigorous spirits of our society, one that can never be 
forgotten, the Papacy, ever exercises a decisive influence over the lot of 
Italy. Our final aim is that of Voltaire and of the French Revolution, the 
complete annihilation of Catholicism and ultimately of Christianity.  ... Such 
a state of things must not remain.  It is necessary to seek a remedy. Very 
well, a remedy is at hand.  The Pope, whoever he may be, will never enter 
into a secret society. It then becomes the duty of the secret society to make 
the first advance to the Church and to the Pope with the object of conquering 
both. The work for which we gird ourselves up is not the work of a day nor 
of a month nor of a year. It may last for many years, perhaps for a century. 
In our ranks the soldier dies but the war is continued. We trust that we may 
yet attain the supreme object of our efforts, but when and how, the unknown 
cannot yet be seen. Nevertheless, as nothing should move us from our 
mapped out plan, we must labor at our newly commenced work as if 
tomorrow was to crown it with success. 
³We wish in this Instruction, which should be kept concealed from those 
simply initiated, to give advice to the rulers of the Supreme Vendita [the 
Haute Vente Romaine] which they, in turn, shall inculcate to the brethren by 
means of Insegnamento, or Memorandum."
We see from that statement they had a fanatical idealism that would cause 
them to strive and devote their lives to this project beyond the expectation of 
ever seeing it achieved while they were on earth. 
In other words, they had a religious idealism. That religious idealism we 
have mentioned before, from the Illuminati onward, was a formal Satanic 
belief, Luciferianism or devil-worship.
Theologically, the best name for that system of belief is called Manicheaism, 
a dualistic system of theology which goes back to the heretic Manes during 
the Middle Ages who tried to undermine Catholic doctrine.
Similar to Zoroastrianism, Manicheaism holds that there are two Gods. One 
god is the god of the Christians and the Jews and that is the evil god.  That is 
the God that must be opposed.  That is the God of the existing order, keeping 
everyone from a state of universal happiness and brotherhood. And then 
there is the good God, the good deity whom the Christians and the Jews call 
Satan or Lucifer, who is really the angel of light. This is almost a mirror-
image of Judeo-Christian theology, Jehovah or the Christian triune God 
placed in the position of Satan or Lucifer, and vice-versa. And that is the 
formal doctrine that motivated these people. It allowed them to commit 
themselves to something well beyond their lifetimes.
But what would they do about entrenched opposition during the nineteenth 
century, largely in the form of the Catholic Church? The permanent 
instructions continued: 
³Little can be done with old cardinals and with prelates of a decided 
character. Such incorrigibles must be left to the schools of Consalvi and in 
our magazines of popularity and unpopularity we must find the means to 
utilize or ridicule power in their hands. A well-invented report must be 
spread with tact among good Christian families. Such a cardinal for instance 
is a miser; such a prelate is licentious; such an official is a freethinker, an 
infidel, a Freemason [in other words, accuse them of being almost as bad as 
the accusors were]. These things will spread quickly to the cafes, thence to 
the squares, and one report is sometimes enough to ruin a man. If a prelate or 
bishop arrive in a province from Rome to celebrate or officiate at some 
public function, it is necessary at once to become acquainted with his 
character, his antecedents, his temperament, his defects, especially his 
defects. If he should be our enemy, [they give several examples] at once 
entrap him, entangle him in all the nets and snares you can. Give him a 
character which must horrify the young people and the women. Describe 
him as cruel, heartless, and blood-thirsty. Relate some atrocious transaction 
which will easily cause a sensation amongst the people. The foreign 
newspapers shall learn and copy these facts which they will know how to 
embellish and color according to their usual style. The foreign newspapers 
shall learn and copy these facts which they will know how to embellish and 
color according to their usual style. For respect due to truth show, or better 
still quote, some respectable fool, and having quoted the number of the 
journal in which is given the names, acts, and doings of the personages. As 
in England and in France, so also in Italy, there will be no lack of writers 
who well know how to tell lies for the good cause, and have no difficulty in 
doing so. One newspaper publishing the name of a Monsignor Delegate, His 
Excellency or Eminence or Lord Justice will be quite sufficient proof for the 
people. They will require no other.  The people here around us in Italy are in 
the infancy in liberalism. At present they believe in the liberals. After a little 
they will believe in anything." 
This was the top activist directorate of the Master Conspiracy, 
communicating to the cadre one or two decades into the nineteenth century.
By 1850 France had gone through several more changes of government. 
After the defeat of Napoleon, the Bourbon monarch Louis XVIII was 
restored to the throne by the 1815 Congress of Vienna. Successor in the 
family of the martyred Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette, he remained in 
power less than a decade. He was replaced by Charles X who remained in 
power for less than five years. In 1830 a socialist regime replaced him which 
came to be known as the July Monarchy. It was just one violent turmoil after 
another, and the Illuminati was training its insurrectionist cadre in quite a 
system of organizations.

[NEXT SLIDE]

The history of these Illuminist organizations in France leading up to 1848, 
the year they triggered simultaneous revolts and insurrections throughout 
much of Europe, is told very well in this book by a French police agent. It is 
called The Cradle of Rebellions: The History of the Secret Societies of 
France. 
It was out of a number of these societies that the Communist movement 
came, both directly and indirectly.

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This is Wilhelm Weitling, one of the early leaders of an organization called 
The League of the Just. Weidling was, by the 1840's, a second generation 
disciple of Adam Weishaupt. He was certainly a follower of Filippo 
Buonarroti who wrote the instructions I read, and he so admired Francois 
Babeuf of the Napoleonic period, that many years later he named one of his 
sons after Babeuf. Wilhelm Weitling was operating in Germany and was in 
the group of revolutionary socialists who were responsible for the 1848 
uprisings in various German capitals. He also worked with Buonarotti's 
organization, the Sublime Perfect Masters an Louis August Blanqui's 
Society of the Seasons. By the mid-1840's, out of those groups they formed 
the League of the Just.
Even though a number of these people were German, the organization was 
first active in Paris and then in London. In 1846, the League of the Just 
included a number of other people. Moses Hess was a person of Jewish 
extraction who was leading what was the early Reform Movement among 
Jews. The movement was designed to undermine, water down, eradicate and 
destroy orthodox Jewish faith and Biblical teachings.
During the nineteenth century and in Germany particularly, in the Jewish 
community the Reform movement was the equivalent of modernism in 
Protestant denominations, the influence of the National or World Council of 
Churches undermining traditional Protestant faith or the equivalent of the 
influence of someone like Teilhard de Chardin in the Catholic Church.
The questioning, the criticism, the breakdown, the destruction of traditional 
orthodox Jewish faith was really a primary activity of this very aggressive 
militant socialist, Moses Hess, who was an associate of Weitling and Karl 
Marx. 
At this time, 1846, Karl Marx was a 28-year-old hack newspaper writer, 
writing freelance stories, mostly for New York newspapers controlled by 
Horace Greeley. Marx had not originated anything. He had managed to 
avoid working for a living most of his life and he would almost starve his 
three children to death, depriving his family of their most basic needs. Marx 
was a freelance journalist and, perhaps, demonically inspired as indicated by 
some very occult writings. We do not know if he was initiated above the 
ideological or expedient activist level.  
Marx was hired in 1846 by the League of the Just to rewrite the original 
program of the Illuminati and update it in the context of a rapidly 
industrializing British economy. The organization published what he had 
written as the Communist Manifesto, although his name never appeared on a 
printed edition of it for 20 years, even after he finished Das Kapital. After 
publishing the Communist Manifesto the League changed their name to the 
Communist League. This was when the Communist movement was formed.

[NEXT SLIDE]

If any of you are interested in the transition, the direct organizational 
continuity between Adam Weishaupt and Karl Marx and the Marxian 
socialist movements, the documentation is very much available. The 
connection from Marx, through Weitling and Friedrich Engels, through the 
League of the Just, going back to Adam Weishaupt and the organizations he 
spawned, is given in, among other sources, a biography of Wilhelm 
Weitling, The Utopian Communist by Carl Wittke, published by Louisiana 
State University Press. 

[NEXT SLIDE]. 

This is a biography of the youngest of Karl Marx's three daughters, Eleanor 
Marx Aveling, who is principally remembered for the miserable life that led 
to her suicide. She and her notorious husband were very close to Olive 
Schreiner, regarded by many a founder of the Communist movement in 
South Africa, as was J.C. Juta, Karl Marx's brother-in-law.

[NEXT SLIDE]

I am now going into the American period, the Illuminati's spread to the 
United States and subsequent results. You must understand that by 1800, the 
Illuminati had set up or taken control of perhaps 300 lodges on American 
soil. At the time the Illuminati was trying to undermine European 
monarchies, the first constitutional republic was being formed. And the 
Illuminati was also trying to destroy or seize control of our infant republic.
The Illuminati began to spread influence in the United States through a 
number of means. One was through official diplomatic contact. In the 
1780's, the period of the Articles of Confederation before the Constitution 
was ratified, the United States had as its representatives to France, 
immediately prior to the French Revolution, two outstanding American 
founding fathers, Benjamin Franklin and Thomas Jefferson. As masons they 
were invited to participate in ceremonies of the French Grand Orient lodges. 
They saw much masonic symbolism including, perhaps, the eye above the 
triangle which was representative of the Insinuating Brethren branch of the 
Illuminati and which would in the 1930's become the reverse side of the 
Seal of State.
By 1784, Benjamin Franklin had become very well initiated in the lodges of 
the Grand Orient. I think that Benjamin Franklin's principal motivation for, 
not just being a freemason, but for joining the Illuminati's lodges and 
attending them was his enjoyment of the nightlife that was available. He was 
a rather mischievous person to put it mildly, and he enjoyed all of the 
frivolity and misbehavior that went on at these nightly affairs. 
This portrait of Franklin is significant.  This is Franklin in a coonskin cap 
which was at that time in France a symbol of revolutionary solidarity. There 
is an amusing anecdote regarding it.
Louis XVI befriended Franklin during the American war for independence 
when the French government was so helpful to the American cause. The 
king admired Franklin, but thought he a harmless eccentric, his affiliations 
with the philosophs and others who were forming the Illuminati in France 
perhaps something immature, irresponsible, but certainly not dangerous. 
This portrait was painted in 1777 and copies circulated in France. Louis XVI 
gave a chamber pot to one of the noble ladies of the court who was a 
particular admirer of Benjamin Franklin. The pot had this portrait of 
Franklin on the inside bottom surface. That was, I think, a tribute to the 
sense of humor of King Louis XVI. I think it's a remarkable story.
Franklin had established his personal reputation earlier in England when he 
was an ambassador to England when some historians believe he became a 
secret agent of influence for England by his membership in the early 1770's 
in the British Hellfire Club.

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The Hellfire Club was organized in London several decades before 
Benjamin Franklin participated in it. The club was directed by a man named 
Lord Dispenser, who was better known under his previous title as Sir Francis 
Dashwood. He was briefly the British Chancellor of the Exchequer. The club 
was a group of people who got together and had what we might call satirical 
or fanciful Satanic rites if there can be such a thing. The entertainment of the 
night was rather scandalous at their meetings and parties. Franklin was an 
enthusiastic celebrant in the Hellfire Club in England. 
It is strongly believed that the Hellfire Club remained in existence, perhaps 
into the twentieth century, for the benefit of some higher level Illuminists in 
England who were rewarded by being able to be a member and participate in 
the unfortunate activities of which they were so fond.

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I believe personally that Benjamin Franklin's interest in communicating with 
the Illuminists in France was primarily the nightlife and his personal 
immorality. There does not seem to be any other motivation at work. He did 
participate in one rather unfortunate ceremony in the lodge of Nine Sisters in 
which he was so active France. He participated in an Apotheosis ceremony 
which was a symbolic deification of the philosopher, Voltaire, who was then 
recently deceased. Voltaire was the one who regarded himself as the greatest 
personal enemy of Jesus Christ. So it was a rather unfortunate, although 
popular, memory for Franklin to be commemorating.
One of the reasons the Illuminists were not successful in spreading a French 
revolution to our shores is that by 1800 most literate people knew all about 
it. As I told you earlier, Proofs of a Conspiracy was published and 
extensively distributed in the United States from 1797 to 1798.  
President George Washington, although a mason, was very much aware of 
the attempts of the French Illuminists to come over here, set up their own 
organizations and lodges, infiltrate Freemasonry and use it for revolutionary 
purposes as they had done in France.
In the last year of his life, President Washington received and read a copy of 
Robison's Proofs of a Conspiracy and wrote letters indicating how accurate 
he felt the book was and how fortunate he felt - and it was true at the time - 
that the Illuminists' success in penetrating American Freemasonry had been 
virtually nil.  
But, in 1794, during the administration of President Washington, the nation 
was almost overthrown by an insurrection, a rebellion that was fomented 
exclusively by agents of the French Illuminati and lodges they established in 
the counties of western Pennsylvania. It is something that is wrongly called 
the Whiskey Rebellion in your history books. It had nothing whatsoever to 
do with taxation. It was an attempt to start a rebellion in what was then a far 
west territory, the western edge of Pennsylvania. It was planned to spread 
into a movement for secession, to set up a separate country potentially in that 
region or to declare independence. It was fomented entirely by the Mingo 
Creek Democratic Society that was established by Edmond Charles Genet, 
an Illuminist who was then French envoy to the United States. President 
Washington had to come out publicly and denounce the influence of the 
French Illuminists who were operating in our country. Although no lives 
were lost, he had to put down the rebellion and it cost the government a 
million dollars to raise the troops and quarter them temporarily.  
In some of his correspondence at the end of the Whiskey Rebellion, 
President Washington said, ³I consider this insurrection as the first 
formidable fruit of the democratic societies brought forth I believe too 
prematurely for their own views which may contribute to the annihilation of 
them." 
It didn't take much more than President George Washington, as 
tremendously respected and revered as he was at this time, to come out 
openly and publicly against them and create a tremendous public climate of 
awareness and resentment.  
Others sounding the alarm at this time were the presidents of Harvard and 
Yale, influential writers such as Jedediah Morse (the father of Samuel F.B. 
Morse) who gave the national Thanksgiving Day sermon in Congress. Morse 
wrote and gave speeches documenting the spread and activity of the 
Illuminati in our country. It was very well known at that time. And it was 
because of that, I think, that they were so unsuccessful.
With regard to the secret societies behind the 1794 revolt, Washington said, 
³These self-created societies which have spread themselves over this country 
have been laboring incessantly to sow the seeds of distrust, jealousy and of 
course discontent, thereby hoping to effect some revolution in the 
government. This is not unknown to you. That they have been the fomenters 
of the western disturbances admits of no doubt in the mind of anyone who 
will examine their conduct but fortunately they have precipitated a crisis for 
which they were not prepared and thereby have unfolded views which I trust 
effectuate their annihilation sooner than might otherwise have happened."
There was only one problem that President Washington had in putting down 
the attempt by French Illuminists to foment the Whiskey Rebellion, and that 
was his Secretary of State Thomas Jefferson. I am very sorry to say that 
Jefferson tried every way he could possibly do to influence Washington not 
to come out publicly against the democratic societies that had led this 
insurrection. It is known that Thomas Jefferson was very sympathetic, 
perhaps naively so, to the French Revolution and to the Illuminati and Adam 
Weishaupt at this time. He was perhaps sincerely naive about this.
Remember this is when Thomas Jefferson was Secretary of State. This is 
prior to his own presidency.  And this by no means detracts from his 
contributions to the establishment of American Constitutionalism. As a 
result of the Whiskey Rebellion, Edmund Charles Genet, the French 
organizer of Illuminist lodge here, was recalled.  In other words, our 
government requested the French government to replace him. He was 
replaced by Fauchet, another roving ambassador for the Illuminati, and he 
continued the work. Because Thomas Jefferson was Secretary of State, it 
was his office that had to issue the request for recall. That was just a matter 
of protocol.  He was in charge of foreign affairs. Genet must have resented 
the part that Jefferson had taken, notwithstanding their cordial intimacy, as 
Washington Irving, in his Life of Washington states. In this regard, Genet 
wrote to Thomas Jefferson when he was forcibly recalled to France: 
³Whatever, Sir, may be the result of the exploit of which you have rendered 
yourself the generous instrument, after having made me believe you were 
my friend. After having initiated me in the mysteries which have influenced 
my hatred against all who aspire to absolute power." 
Now what does this mean? I don't know. But, in effect, Genet seems to be 
saying, ³Hey, you were the boss. You're the one who initiated me.  You 
were telling me what to do. We were working together and now you're 
having me recalled." I don't know whether that's the case or not, but it's a 
remarkable letter. Genet certainly didn't have anything to gain by writing it 
at this point, because he was on his way back to France. It's an interesting 
piece of correspondence in Jefferson's papers that really begs for some 
explanation.

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This is one of the letters that President Washington wrote regarding the 
Illuminati, its early influence in the French Revolution and the relatively low 
level of influence it had at this time in American Freemasonry.

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This is a very important book, Proofs of the Real Existence and Dangerous 
Tendency of Illuminism, written in 1802 by Rev. Seth Payson on the spread 
and influence of the Illuminati and the number of lodges and amount of 
activity it has organized in the United States by the turn of the nineteenth 
century.

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This is a recent study, about 20 years ago.  It is an academic title, initially 
published by Johns Hopkins University, and it is written by a ³liberal" 
historian who is very sympathetic to the revolutionaries he is talking about, 
but the importance of Vernon Stauffer's New England and the Bavarian 
Illuminati is that he shows you what a huge controversy this was early in the 
history of the United States. At this time, during the Washington 
Administration and during the first two or three presidential administrations, 
we really didn't have political parties in the United States. We had factions. 
Those factions later evolved into modern-day political parties, directly and 
indirectly. One one side were the Federalists: including John Adams, 
Alexander Hamilton and, to some extent, George Washington. They were 
opposed by the Democratic-Republicans of Thomas Jefferson, James 
Madison and Edmond Randolph. Contrary to modern accounts, their dispute 
was was not just over central government au