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1. There are several times more species of insects than there are species of all other plants and animals combined. 1
2. Fecundity is the term for the period of time between the insect lays the egg and the egg hatches. 1
3. Some wood boring beetles can have an extended life cycle of 50 or more years in lumbered wood. 1
4. One reason why insects are so successful is that most exhibit complete metamorphosis and adults do not
compete with the immature forms. 1
5. Relative to humans, insects generally better tolerate higher temperatures than they can lower temperatures.
Many insects can withstand freezing temperatures.1.
6. The taxonomic categories of plants and animals working from the largest to the smallest are
Kingdom, Phylum, Order, Class, Family, Genus and Species. 1
7. The correct method of writing a genus and species is to always capitalize the genus and species name and
underline each or print them in italics. 1
8. One of the main survival problems insects and other arthropods have is the loss of water from their bodies.
Small organisms have a relatively small area to store water and a relatively large area for evaporation.1
9. Millipedes possess 1 pair of legs per section of the body, while centipedes possess two pair of legs per
section of the body, sowbugs have a total of 7 pair and arachnids have 4 pair. 2
10.Predatory insects tend to have larger compound eyes and move faster than plant feeding insects. 6
11. Sowbugs and pillbugs are crustaceans and lack the waxy layer around their bodies, thus are more
susceptible to water loss than are insects. 2
12. Juddering is a phenomenon exhibited by male scorpions to attract the females and consists of a series of
jerky movements. This is needed as scorpions have limited vision and are mainly active at night 3
13. The cephalothorax is the combined head and thorax in spiders. 3 OR 4
14. The second pair of appendages behind the mouth in arachnids is called the pedipalps and is pincher
like in scorpions, weakly chelate in the vinegaroons, knoblike in some male spiders and non-existent
in millipedes and centipedes. 3
15. The sting of most species of scorpions is not considered very dangerous to humans. Instead, a sting usually
results in local swelling and pain much like that of a bee sting. However, the Emperor scorpion is considered
very dangerous to humans. 3
16. Generally speaking, scorpions with enlarged pedipalps have a fairly mild sting. 3
17. One of the reasons the Centruroides scorpion kills so many more people in Mexico as opposed to the US is that
very frequently large numbers of these scorpions are found in the homes. Most deaths occur in teenagers. 3
18. The general public often confuses vinegaroons with sunspiders and visa versa. 3
19. Daddy longlegs differ structurally from spiders in that the former has a narrow waist that separates
the cephalothorax from the abdomen and the latter does not. The abdomen of a daddy longleg is distinctly
segmented. 4
20. The long legged arachnid that is commonly found living in homes is a not a true daddy longleg, but a spider. 4
21. Spiders have hollow chelicerae and feed by first pumping digestive enzymes into their prey. 4
22. Most spiders are relatively harmless to humans and the chelicerae of many are too small to penetrate thick
human skin. This is true of the black widow. 4
23. The bite of most tarantulas is considered very dangerous to humans and should be treated immediately by a physician.4
24. North American tarantulas can protect themselves from potential predators by kicking finely branched hair off their abdomens.
These hairs have venom associated with them and if they penetrate our skin, it often will cause intense itching. 4
25. Female tarantulas live many more years than males. Many females eat the males after mating. 4
26. The venom of a black widow is a neurotoxin (affects the blood rather than the nervous system) and is much more toxic than
that of a rattlesnake. 4
27. The most common situation in California where black widow bites occurs is when a person sits on an outdoor (e.g. camping)
toilet seat, especially in the springtime when the female guards her egg sac. 4
28. Even though small, the male black widow should be considered dangerous to humans. They have a red hourglass marking on
the underside of their abdomen. 4
29. A black widow spider web is characterized as being asymmetrical, strong and typically occurs in dark, humid location where
there is an abundance of food. 4
30. Most spider experts feel that the brown violin spider for all intents and purposes does not occur in California any more.
4
31. The bite of a brown recluse spider typically results in a localized and persistently enlarging sore that heals slowly.
One method
of treating such a bite is to cut away the infected area. 4
32. The bite of a brown recluse spider is normally treated with an antivenin. 4
33. The bite of the male Sydney funnel-web spider frequently results in human death unless the victim is treated with
an antivenin. The bite of a female funnel web is 5 times as toxic as the male’s. Its bite is so powerful that it can
penetrate
a fingernail. 4
34. Founder is the splitting of a horse’s hoof and it is erroneously believed in parts of Central America that this
can result from
spider pee.4
35. Parachuting or ballooning refers to the ability of young spiderlings to float through the air with the use of a strand
of web. 4
36. Boric acid is an insecticide that works primarily as a desiccant by abrading, or wearing off, the epicuticle of the exoskeleton.
6
37. The spiracles are the external openings of the respiratory system and are capable of being opened or closed to regulate
oxygen intake and carbon dioxide elimination and to prevent water loss. 6
38. The anal cerci are located on the tip of the abdomen and are used to detect movement or, in the case of earwigs, are used
for
defense. 6
39. Sunspiders are: A. Predatory. B. Well known for being pugnacious. C Squirt acetic acid from their abdomens. D. A and B.
E. A and C. 3
40. Most tarantulas: A. Most, but not all, live in tunnels in the ground. B. Are mostly nocturnal. C. Are long lived (several
years or more). D. All of the above. E. A and B only. 4
41. A male differs from a female black widow in that: A. It is much smaller than the female. B. It has knob-shaped pedipalps.
C. It lacks the red hourglass marking on the underside of the abdomen. D. All of the above E. A.and B only. 4
42.The Sydney funnel web spider: A. There is an antivenin available for the bite. B.The venom of the male is 5 times as toxic
as
that of the female. C.The chelicerae are quite strong and are capable of penetrating a fingernail. D. Only B and C. E. All
of the
above.4
Part B.
Match the appropriate area of the exoskeleton with their function:
A. Epicuticle. B. Exocuticle. C. Endocuticle D. Layer of cells. E. Setae. 6
43. Where sclerotization and tanning occurs.
44. Prevents water loss.
45. Gives flexibility.
46. Secretes new exoskeleton.
47. Sensory perception.
Define or identify:
Circadian rhythms
Pedipalps
Delusory parasitosis
Chiggers
Juddering
Sexual Dimorphism
Phytophagus
Sclerotization
Hemelytra
Pyrethrin
48. Be able to discuss the black widow as far as:
A. Differences in appearance of male and female.
B. Characteristics of webbing
C.Environmental conditions where found
D.Symptoms of bite
E. Available treatment.
III.
T/F 3,4,5 Based on your readings
predatory arthropods generally move faster than plant feeding forms.
Scorpions are nocturnal, locate their food by the ability to detect vibrations and locate their mates
by smell and vibrations.
Vinegaroons are capable of squirting acetic acid from their tails.
Black widows have relatively small chelicera and typically cannot penetrate thick tough skin.
Someone who develops an allergic reaction to black widow antivenin may also become allergic to eating beef.
The bite of the male black widow is considered dangerous to humans.
The brown recluse spider looks very similar to an number of other spider species .
The Sydney funnel web spider is reportedly one of the most dangerous spider is the world..
TRUE/FALSE
1.Fossil records indicate that insects have been on the earth approximately 100 times longer than humans. 1
2. There are several times more species of arthropods than there are species of all other plants and animals combined. 1
3. The African driver ant queen holds the highest record for fecundity in non-social insects.
4. For every pound of humans on the earth there are 30 pounds of insects. 1
5. One reason why insects are so successful is that most exhibit complete metamorphosis and adults do not compete with
the immature forms. 1.
6. Another reason insects are so successful is that they have a tremendous capacity to reproduce. 1
7. Living in a microclimate gives arthropods an added survival advantage in that they have more opportunity to select
favorable environmental conditions. The main reason an insect can select a microclimate is because of their small size
with the average insect being about the size of a housefly. 1
8. Relative to humans, insects can generally better tolerate lower temperatures than they can higher temperatures. Many
insects can withstand freezing temperatures. 1
9. A life cycle is defined as the length of time it takes an insect species to complete its development from egg to adult.
10. The taxonomic categories of plants and animal working from the largest to the smallest are Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order,
Family, Genus and Species. 1
11. The correct method of writing a genus and species is to always capitalize the genus and species name and underline each
or print them in italics. 1
12. The arthropods with the longest recorded life cycle or length of living existence, working from the shortest to the longest,
are tartagrade in moss, seventeen-year locust (periodical cicada), African queen termite, and longhorn beetle larvae in dried
lumber. 1
13. Millipedes possess 2 pair of legs per section of the body, while centipedes possess one pair of legs per section of the
body
and arachnids have four pair. 2
14. Sow bugs, pill bugs and vinegaroons are crustaceans and lack the waxy layer around their body, thus are more susceptible
to water loss than insects. 2
15. Pill bugs feed primarily on decaying vegetation. 2
16. Juddering is a phenomenon exhibited by female scorpions to attract the male and consists of a series of jerky movements.
This is needed since scorpions have limited vision and are active mainly at night. 3.
17. The cephalothorax is the combined head and thorax in insects. (?)
18. The second pair of appendages behind the mouth in arachnids are called the pedipalps and are pincher like in scorpions
and pseudoscorpions, weakly chelate in the vinegaroons, short and leg-like in harvestmen, knoblike in some male spiders
and non existent in millipedes.
19. The class Arachnida is second only to the Insecta in terms of number of species. The largest order in this class are the
mites and ticks.
20. The sting of most species of scorpions is not considered very dangerous to humans. Instead, a sting usually results in
local
swelling and pain much like that of a bee sting. However, the Centruroides scorpion and emperor scorpion are considered
very dangerous to humans.
21. Scorpions are nocturnal and predatory.
22. Generally speaking scorpions with enlarged pedipalps have a fairly mild sting.
23. The general public often confuses vinegaroons and whip tailed scorpions with sunspiders and visa versa.
24. A vinegaroon can squirt acetic acid or vinegar from its tail.
25. The bite of a harvestmen is considered dangerous to humans and should be treated medically.
26. The harvestmen has a segmented abdomen, which is broadly joined to the cephalothorax.
27. As do spiders, daddy longlegs form webbing and are strict predators.
28. Spiders have hollow chelicerae and feed by first pumping digestive enzymes into their prey. This process is
called external digestion.
29. Crab spiders typically catch their prey by sitting on flower heads and waiting.
30. The bolas spider catches its prey by forming a web that looks almost like a fish net and then reaches down
to its prey and attempts to scoop it up with the net.
31. Most spiders are relatively harmless to humans and the chelicerae of many are too small to penetrate thick
human skin. This is true of the tarantula.
32. The bite of most tarantulas is considered very dangerous to humans and should be treated immediately by a physician.
33. North American tarantulas can protect themselves from potential predators by kicking finely branched hair off their
abdomens. These hairs have venom associated with them and it penetrate our skin will cause intense itching.
34. Female tarantulas live many more years than males. Many females eat the males after mating.
35. In some species the male tarantulas have hooks on the pedipalps, which serve to hook the fangs of the female
while they mate so she doesn’t eat him while they mate.
36. Small centipedes (a few inches) are generally not considered dangerous to humans while the larger species should
be avoided due to a dangerous bite.
37. The main diet of bird spiders is not birds.
38. Bird spiders are arboreal and typically have extremely long hair on their bodies. These hairs may serve to allow
a falling spider to fall a little slower.
39. The venom of a black widow is a neurotoxin and is much more toxic (ounce for ounce) than that of a rattlesnake.
However the bite of a black widow is not as dangerous as that of the snake.
40. The most common situation in California where black widow bites occurs is when someone sits on an outdoor
(e.g. camping) toilet seat, especially in the springtime when the female guards her egg sac.
41. Black widows can bite you on any part of your body and penetrate the skin, including areas where thicker skin occurs.
42. The male black widow should be considered dangerous to humans. It lacks the red marking on the underside of the abdomen.
43. Approximately 5% of untreated human black widow bites result in death. In most cases these are young victims, older
victims in poor health, or cases where multiple bites have occurred.
44. A black widow spider web is characterized as being symmetrical, strong and typically occurs in dark, humid location
where there’s an abundance of food.
45. Most spider experts feel that the brown recluse spider for all intents and purposes does not occur in California any more.
46. The bite of a brown recluse spider typically results in a localized and persistently enlarging sore that heals slowly.
One
method of treating such a bite is to cut away the infected area.
47. The bite of the male Sydney funnel-web spider frequently results in human death unless the victim is treated with an
antivenin. The bite of a male funnel web is 5 times as toxic as the female and can penetrate a fingernail.
48. Founder is the splitting of a horse’s hoof and it is erroneously believed in parts of Central America that this
can result
from spider pee.
49. Dry die is an insecticide that works primarily as a desiccant by abrading, or wearing off the epicuticle of the exoskeleton.
50.Sclerotization is a hardening off process that occurs in the exocuticle of the exoskeleton of arthropods. Tanning is the
formation of pigments in this area.
***End of Part One of Practice Questions, Midterm #1**
MT1, Practice, Part 2. As before, these questions do not have to be turned in.
There are some, but not all, chapter designations in these practice questions. However, you will be able to figure out which
chapter by the wording and by using the table of contents. Remember that some information is also available in the
glossary or by visiting the internet or dictionary. Some of these are matching, some are true/false. If it’s just a
statement
and you’re not sure, it’s most likely true/false. Remember in true/false questions, if there is a part that is
untrue,
the whole thing is false no matter how much other truth is in the statement. There are repeated questions; please forgive
us.
Sometimes we borrow from different lists and there are duplicates. If you run into them, skip over them as they are only for
your
preparation.
***
Termites: Match the termites with specific statements (1-13).
A. Drywood termite.
B. Subterranean termite.
C. Both species.
1. Forms colonies of 5 to 6,000.
2. Forms colonies of 300,000 to 400,000 individuals.
3. Alates are red in color. 4. Alates black in color.
5. Symptoms of presence include fecal pellet pushed from tunnels.
6. Symptoms of presence include mud tubes coming up side of foundation.
7. Symptoms of presence include broken wings.
8. Controlled with fumigation.
9. Feed on cellulose or wood
10.Controlled with trenching using long lasting insecticides.
11. Controlled with heat.
12. Colonies are found below ground.
13. Colonies are found in wood above ground.
B. SECTION: Match the following insects with appropriate terms, characteristics or statements in Parts 2&3 (below).
A. Springtails
B. Silverfish.
C. Earwigs.
D. Thrips.
E. Booklice.
F. Collembola
G. Subterranean termites
H. Dragonflies
I. Mayflies
J. European earwig
PART 2: TERMS, CHARACTERISTICS OR STATEMENTS. MATCH WITH INSECTS IN B SECTION (above).
Furcula
All are wingless
Ectoparasites
Territorial
Some maternal instinct
Fringed wings
Deathwatch Firebrats
Depend on moist environment to survive
Biological indicators Feeds one cell deep on plants.
Heavy infestation may result in loss of hair
Soldier caste
Wings break off easily
Feed on dander
PART 3. Match with an insect under B. section (above).
31. Constitutes a major pest of the citrus industry.
32. Are occasionally dooryard pests.
33. Are phytophagus but feed only one cell deep.
34. Moist environments are essential for their survival and they possess a furcula
35. Associated with the deathwatch phenomenon.
36. Have been known to emerge in huge numbers from walls of newly built homes.
37. Know the black widow as far as:
A. Differences in appearance of male and female.
B. Characteristics of webbing
C.Environmental conditions where found
D.Symptoms of bite
E. Available treatment.
PART 4 Metamorphosis (Ch 8):
I. Match the hormones with the appropriate statement. More than one hormone may apply to a statement. 8
A. Brain hormone.
B. Molting hormone.
C. Juvenile hormone.
Secreted by the prothorasic gland.
Secreted by a gland at the base of the brain.
Stimulates the prothorasic gland to secrete the molting hormone.
Regulates growth and when molting occurs.
High level will cause the insect to remain in the juvenile stage.
Low level stimulates advance in stage.
Mimics of this hormone are most often used in pest control.
II. Match the appropriate type of development with the appropriate term or insect group.
More than one term may apply to a type of development.
Ametamorphosis
Gradual metamorphosis
Incomplete metamorphosis
Complete metamorphosis
Aphids
True bugs
Beetles
Springtails
Booklice
Damselflies
Multiple Choice 45. The following is not an example of a Class.
a. Chilopoda. b. Diplopoda. c. Arachnida. d. Acari e. Insecta
46. Millipedes exhibit the following characteristics: a. Slow moving. b. Nocturnal. c. Plant feeders d. A and B.
e. All of the above. 2
47. Sunspiders are:
A. Predatory.
B. Well known for being pugnacious.
C Squirt acetic acid from their abdomens.
D. A and B.
E. A and C. 3
48. Most tarantulas:
A. Most, but not all, live in tunnels in the ground.
B. Are mostly nocturnal.
C. Are long lived (several years or more).
D. All of the above.
E. A and B only. 4
49. A male differs from a female black widow in that:
A. It is much smaller than the female.
B. It has knob-shaped pedipalps.
C. It lacks the red hourglass marking on the underside of the abdomen.
D. All of the above
E. A.and B only. 4
50.The Sydney funnel web spider:
A. There is an antivenin available for the bite.
B.The venom of the male is 5 times as toxic as that of the female.
C.The chelicerae are quite strong and are capable of penetrating a fingernail.
D. Only B and C.
E. All of the above.4
51.Symptoms of a scabies infestation in humans:
A. Typically do not occur until about 30 days after the initial infestation.
B. Do not subside until a few weeks after the mites are eliminated.
C. Tend to disappear after about 100 days.
D. All of the above.
E. Only A and B. 5
52.The life cycle of a scabies mite in humans include:
A. Female mites feeding in tunnels beneath the skin.
B. Immature mites feeding in sebaceous glands and hair follicles.
C. Females laying eggs in tunnels.
D. A and C only.
E. All of the above.5
53.The brown dog tick:
A. Is a common vector of Rocky Mountain spotted fever.
B. Is the most common cause of tick paralysis.
C. Prefers to live in protected locations such as kennels and homes.
D. Prefers to feed on dogs and rarely bites humans.
E. C and D. 5
54.Delusory parasitosis:
A. Is another name for, or the same thing as, entomophobia.
B. Is an abnormal fear of creepy-crawly creatures that do not exist.
C. Is easy to cure.
D. All of the above.
E. A and C only.
55.Symptoms of Lyme tick disease include:
A. Donut shaped blotches on the skin.
B. Chronic arthritis.
C. Heart abnormalities.
D. All of the above. 5
Match the appropriate area of the exoskeleton with their function:
A. Epicuticle. B. Exocuticle. C. Endocuticle D. Layer of cells. E. Setae. 6
56. Where sclerotization and tanning occurs.
57. Prevents water loss.
58. Gives flexibility.
59. Secretes new exoskeleton.
60. Sensory perception.
TRUE/ FALSE:
61. Most spider experts feel that the brown recluse spider for all intents and purposes does
not occur in California any more.
62. The bite of a brown recluse spider typically results in a localized and persistently enlarging sore that
heals slowly. One method of treating such a bite is to cut away the infected area.
63. The bite of the male Sydney funnel-web spider frequently results in human death unless the victim is
treated with an antivenin. The bite of a male funnel web is 5 times as toxic as the female and can penetrate
a fingernail.
64. Founder is the splitting of a horse’s hoof and it is erroneously believed in parts of Central America
that this can result from spider pee.
65. Scabies mite infestations are uncommon in junior high and elementary school children.
66. Rabbits frequently get ear mite infestations with symptoms including crusty bloody areas inside the ears.
Dogs and cats are also commonly infested with these mites. One symptom is the appearance of dirty ears.
67. House dust mites are not visible to the naked eye and can be found in people’s beds.
68. House dust mites feed on dander and can cause allergic reactions in humans.
69. Chiggers are parasitic mites that commonly are found in meadowlands, especially in the southern
United States. One symptom of their bite is small red dots, especially around the ankles. One of the
preventative methods of attack by these ectoparasites is the use of insect repellents.
70. It is not uncommon for someone who lives in a chigger-infested area to develop a form of immunity to
his or her bites.
71. The main biological control agent of phytophagus mites is predatory mites. These can easily be distinguished
from the plant feeders by the fact that they move much faster than their prey.
72. The length of development from egg to adult of most hard ticks can range from a few months to a few years.
The main factor determining this length is the availability of food.
73. The recommended methods of removing a feeding tick from your body are to apply a hot match head to its
abdomen or the use of gasoline.
74. Lyme disease is quite difficult to cure once it reaches advanced stages. It can be cured in its early stages of
development with antibiotics. Typical symptoms include donut shaped blotches, heart ailments, and malfunction
of the limbs. The blotches are an early symptom.
75. The function of the maxillary palps is to taste food.
76. All insects possess compound eyes or ocelli.
77. The spiracles are the external openings of the respiratory system and are capable of being open or closed to
regulate oxygen intake and carbon dioxide elimination and to prevent water loss. Water loss is a continuing
battle with insects.
78. The anal cerci are located on the tip of the abdomen and are used to detect movement or, in the case of earwigs,
are used for defense.
MULTIPLE CHOICE
79. Ch. 2 Millipedes exhibit the following characteristics:
a. Slow moving. b. Nocturnal. c. Predators d. A and B. e. All of the above.
80. Ch.2 Centipedes are: a. Fast moving. b. Predatory. c. A, B and D. d. Considered dangerous to humans
(The really big ones). e. All of the above.
81. ch. 2 Pillbugs typically can be found clustering together in order to conserve moisture because:
a. They lack a waxy outer layer of the exoskeleton. b. They typically live in dry conditions.
c. Cannot close the opening of their respiratory system. d. A and B. e. A and C.
82. Name 3 ways that a daddy longlegs (harvestman) differs from a daddy longleg spider.
83. T/F: Daddy longlegs are more poisonous than a black widow spider.
Match the following louse with the appropriate statement.
A. Crab louse infestation.
B. Head louse infestation.
C. Body louse infestation.
D. Chewing lice.
84. Lays eggs on clothing.
85. In children can be found in eyelids.
86. Heavy infestations will result in Vagabond’s disease.
87. First pair of legs smaller than the second.
88. Infestation requires nit comb and insecticide shampoo for complete control.
89. Have a wide head.
90. An important vector of epidemic typhus.
91. Heavy infestation may result in blue spots on the skin.
92. Very commonly found in children.
93. Much less common today than in the 60’s and 70’s due to sexual attitude changes.
94. Feeds primarily on birds.
95. Do not suck blood.
96. Heavily infested individual can have as many as 30,000 lice.
97. Same species as head louse.
TERMS, CHARACTERISTICS OR STATEMENTS:
The following terms should be easy if you got this far!!
Furcula (colembolla)
All are wingless - metamorphosis
Ectoparasites
Territorial (chapter 11)
Some maternal instinct (chapter 9)
Not visible to the naked eye (ch. 9)
Fringed wings (ch. 9) Deathwatch 9
Firebrats ch. 9)
Depend on moist environment to survive (ch. 9
Biological indicators chapter 11
Typically feed around ankles and lower legs
5 Host dependent arthropod, feeding on one or more species of animals
Feeds one cell deep on plants.
Heavy infestation may result in loss of hair 9
Feed on dander 5
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