AMERICA: EUROPEANS FIRST NATIVES?

"For years, we thought the Clovis people were the first Americans,
and that they came from Asia, because Indians look like Asians," he said.
"I've spent a career now tromping around Asia and the Arctic and the high
plains and never found any antecedents for Clovis. Nor has anybody else. So
in a 1991 paper, I suggested that Clovis developed out of an existing
population in the southeastern United States, which I now think is McAvoy's
Cactus Hill material."

EUROPEANS POSSIBLY 1ST AMERICANS
By Michael Kilian
Chicago Tribune
April 6, 2000

Just whom do you think you are, Mayflower descendents? The first
Americans may have come over here on a boat, all right. But it was
something like 20,000 years ago, and their last stop may have been
Ireland.

News of this finding, which will be presented to the Society for
American Archeology in Philadelphia on Friday, has caused a
considerable stir in the scientific community.

The presentation will detail an archeological dig in rural
Virginia that has produced evidence, such as tools and weapons similar
to those used in Western Europe, that the "first Americans" may have
been living on this continent several thousand years before scientists
had thought.

What's more, says Dennis Stanford, chairman of the anthropology
department at the Smithsonian Institution's National Museum of Natural
History, the Virginia findings confirm a belief that the earliest
Americans came not by land bridge from Asia, but from Spain via
Ireland.

And, he says, it indicates civilization more likely spread throughout
this continent from coastal communities in what is now the
southeastern U.S. rather than from the Northwest.

In other words, the first native Americans may have come from a
Western European people who 20 millennia ago were in a mood to flee
Ice Age-induced overcrowding.

"The real question is, did they have boats or not?" said Stanford.
"Why anyone would think they wouldn't, I find amazing, because we know
boats go back 50,000 years."

For decades, the earliest known habitation in North America was a site
at Clovis, N.M., where archeologists uncovered tools and other
artifacts of primitive culture that dated back about 13,500 years.

In 1989, a team of archeologists sponsored by the Virginia Department
of Historic Resources and the National Geographic Society began
finding similar items at a site called Cactus Hill on the Nottoway
River, south of Richmond.

According to recent scientific testing, these objects date back to at
least 1,000 years before the Clovis artifacts, and probably much
earlier. "It's older than Clovis and could be as old as 18,000 to
20,000 years," said archeologist Joseph McAvoy, manager of the Cactus
Hill team.

Officially known as the Nottoway River Survey, the group's members
include scientists from Yale University, the University of Washington,
Appalachian State University and Virginia Tech.

"Clovis is associated with a migration in the late Pleistocene Age
where hunters supposedly came across the Bering
Strait land bridge and entered central North America
through a gap between the glaciers in about the center of the
continent," McAvoy said. "Cactus Hill represents a very substantial
data point of evidence in favor of the argument that there
were people here before the mass migration of the Clovis hunters
across North America."

Stanford and others believe the Clovis hunters may have descended from
the earlier Cactus Hill people, and that rudimentary civilization on
the continent more logically spread from the Southeast, not the
Northwest.

And originated in Europe, not Asia.

The dig in Virginia uncovered several layers of dirt, artifacts and
civilization. At first, the team found tools common to people in the
Clovis period, including sophisticated spearheads with fluted sides,
in some of the higher strata at their excavation.

But the Cactus Hill site, a prehistoric hunters' camp on a rise at a
protective bend of the river, apparently was used by succeeding
generations of people, over thousands of years.

Some distance beneath the layer containing fluted spearheads
associated with the Clovis period 13,500 years ago, the team found
charcoal, tools and animal bones that are much older.

"Across the very oldest part of the sand dune there is a narrow ridge,
and for a distance of about 300 feet on this narrow ridge there are
locations where these people appear to have had very short-term camps.
..." McAvoy said. "They dropped tools and flakes from making tools at
a number of locations that appear to have been campfires. In the
campfires, we find burned bones, so these people were early
hunter-gatherers."

The team presented its preliminary findings in a 450-page report in
1997, then for the next three years subjected the artifacts to more
exhaustive testing and their conclusions to scientific challenge.

"All of the tests that we've run up to this point continue to
substantiate the fact," McAvoy said. "The Cactus Hill artifacts
are in a separate strata that's been verified as a strata of
human occupation by a number of scientific tests, and it
definitely is older than the Clovis period level. That's
based on some very sophisticated tests in chemistry and luminescence
dating, in addition to radio carbon testing."

Stanford noted that the Clovis period technology marked by fluted
spearheads and the like has subsequently turned up all over the
continent--"from the Delmarva Peninsula to California, and from
Alberta to central Mexico."

But archeologists have not found parallels to the Cactus Hill
culture's tools and weaponry except in one place, Western Europe,
Stanford said.

"For years, we thought the Clovis people were the first Americans, and
that they came from Asia, because Indians look like Asians," he said.
"I've spent a career now tromping around Asia and the Arctic and the
high plains and never found any antecedents for Clovis. Nor has
anybody else. So in a 1991 paper, I suggested that Clovis developed
out of an existing population in the southeastern United States, which
I now think is McAvoy's Cactus Hill material. His dates certainly
suggest that's possible, and the [weapons and tool]
technology suggests that that's probable."

As for comparable tools and weapons, he said, "I see the Solutrean
culture of northern Spain. It dates to the same period as Cactus Hill
culture--22,000 years at the oldest and 16,000 at the youngest."

Stanford noted that the world was at the height of the last Ice Age at
that time, with glaciers pushing across most of Europe.

"All the populations are pushed away, most of them down into the
Iberian Peninsula," he said. "There's not a whole lot of area to
support those who got displaced."

He believes they migrated north and west, following the coast. Because
of lower sea levels and the southward extent of the glaciers, there
was an effective land bridge across the North Atlantic at the time,
Stanford said, connecting Ireland with the Grand Banks. Where foot
travel was difficult, the migrants could have used boats traveling
just off shore.

"It would have been a wonderful area for these people to exploit--with
sea mammals, birds, fish, all kinds of things concentrated along that
ice margin," he said. "The distance to North America isn't that far."

As for oceangoing boats, "they would have had 30,000 years of research
and development," Stanford said. "Folks got to Australia over 50,000
years ago, and that requires crossing a pretty formidable chunk of
sea, and we know folks were sailing 25 miles or more off the coast of
Japan 28,000 years ago. We know they were going to islands in the
Mediterranean in the Paleolithic time."

No human remains have been found in either the Clovis or Cactus Hill
sites, so DNA testing can't be used to prove either theory. But
Stanford and McAvoy pointed out that there is a gene found in
inhabitants of Spain, other parts of Europe and North Africa that also
has been found in North American Algonquin-speaking Indians.

"It doesn't occur in Asia," Stanford said.

For the moment, the Cactus Hill findings and theories are more likely
to provoke argument than agreementamong academics. But if Cactus Hill
proves to be a giant step in advancing North American archeology and
anthropology, some of the credit ought to go to a Dinwiddie County,
Va., farmer and the driver of a dump truck.

Before the scientists got there, haulers had been taking sand from the
Nottoway River ridge to fill holes in some of the clay-surface roads
in the Piedmont country to the west.

"A very observant farmer who owned property adjacent to one of these
roads happened to walk out after a rainstorm and noticed these ancient
artifacts lying all over the road," said McAvoy. "He traced the sand
back to the sand pit on Cactus Hill and called us. It's one of the few
archeological sites actually discovered someplace other than where it
is." Europe, not Asia, may have been jumping off point for 1st
Americans.

E-mail from Tue, 18 Apr 2000 13:16:55 -0500

By Caroline Gammell, PA News

KING ARTHUR WAS WELSH NOBODY, BOOK CLAIMS

The legend of King Arthur has been torn apart in a controversial new
book which claims his ancient kingdom lies in Wales rather than England.
It is claimed in The Keys to Avalon that Arthur was not the great hero
portrayed in literature but an insignificant figure who was never called
king by his Welsh countrymen.
Authors Steve Blake and Scott Lloyd have already come under fire for the
claims, which have reignited the debate about the story of Arthur.
Mr Blake said: "He was a reasonably unimportant character and only known
as Dux Bellorum -- Leader of Battles."
The authors say the differing versions of Arthur's life came about when
the original Arthurian text was translated from ancient Welsh into Latin by
Geoffrey of Monmouth in the 12th century.
Both men have scoured the Welsh countryside and found what they believe
to be the true site of Avalon and claim they have enough historical
evidence to back up their claim.
They also dispute the popular belief that Arthur was buried at
Glastonbury, Somerset, claiming he was laid to rest in Wales.
Mr Blake, who is from Surrey but now lives in north Wales, said: "We are
not sure we are 100% right, but you never are. We have a passion for the
period and it has been stagnant for some time.
"I used to be a standard line man and accepted the original theories --
after all, you are reading some of the greatest historians in the field.
"But their work questioned things, so we chased them up."
The men's claims have been disputed by other Arthurian experts.
Fred Stedman Jones, chairman of the Pendragon Society, said: "The book
is one of four books in the last few years all claiming to have at last
discovered the truth about Arthur.
"I do not think they have done that. I admire them but I cannot go along
with their conclusion that everything (Arthurian) should be shifted west.
"But I do think it is charming, warming and not an arrogant book."
The authors are now pursuing the true location of the Holy Grail which
they also believe is in Wales.

The Real Viking Legacy
Trade, Not Terror, Was the Hallmark of the Norse
Tuesday, September 5, 2000
By Robert Locke

http://www.foxnews.com/science/discarch/da_vikings.sml

The Vikings stormed out of Scandinavia a millennium ago and carried terror around the coastal kingdoms of Europe and deep into Russia.

With their remarkable longships, the Norse pioneered the lightning amphibious assault. Writers of the time describe almost unending brutality, plunder, and destruction. Yet warriors were but the vanguard of the Norse legacy. Settlers and farmers built towns and cities, established laws, and enriched cultures.

And a wealth of new archaeological evidence on at least two continents describes yet another class of Vikings: merchants who did business throughout a vast region and grew rich in the process.

Sweden's Gotland Island, in the middle of the Baltic Sea, was the maritime crossroads of Norse commerce throughout much of the world. Wealthy, cosmopolitan, and at least relatively peaceful, its people thrived as middlemen for trading ships of many nations.

Archaeologist Dan Carlsson of Gotland University College has for several years been excavating the port city of Fröjel on Gotland's west coast. His project has produced artifacts, especially coins, from Europe, Russia, and Arabia. But among the striking discoveries are hundreds of buried treasure hoards, most containing coins and silver. The largest of the hoards yielded an astonishing 70 kilograms (154 pounds) of pure silver.

The purpose of the hoards — buried in shallow holes and not well hidden — remains largely a mystery. But the Norse who buried them obviously had extraordinary wealth.

The Norse settled Iceland and Greenland, as well, then moved still farther westward into a new world about 1,000 years ago. The short-lived settlement at L'Anse aux Meadows in Newfoundland is the only known Norse village in North America. Conflict with native North Americans likely doomed that venture.

But Robert McGhee of the Canadian Museum of Civilization describes Norse artifacts that are turning up at Native American sites around northern Canada — items that likely became barter among the indigenous cultures.

He suspects the Norse visited the Far North of Canada at least occasionally and established enduring trade networks with North American cultures that endured for centuries.

"Vikings: The North Atlantic Saga" goes on the road after its recent run at the Smithsonian Institution's National Museum of Natural History. The exhibit opens at New York's American Museum of Natural History October 20. It continues to Houston, Los Angeles, and Ottawa. The exhibition catalog — Vikings: The North Atlantic Saga — was published by Smithsonian Institution Press.

Scientists uncover lost Mayan marketplace

By WILL WEISSERT, Associated Press

http://www.nandotimes.com/noframes/story/0,2107,500248441-500369810-502197920-0,00.html

GUATEMALA CITY (September 8, 2000 11:26 a.m. EDT http://www.nandotimes.com) - Scientists and looters ignored the ruin for nearly a century because it appeared devoid of temples and burial sites that might yield valuable artifacts and treasures.

They had no idea what they were missing.

Underneath the jungle curtain of mud and dense foliage was a sprawling lost city called "Cancuen," (can-ku-win), one of the most important commercial centers of the Mayan world for more than 1,200 years.

Cancuen has been rediscovered by Guatemalan and American scientists working deep in the country's northern jungles. They believe it will take 10 years to fully unearth the city, which dates to 400 B.C.

It is buttressed by a 270,000-square-foot Mayan palace. With three floors - each 66 feet high - and 170 rooms, it is among the most grandiose Mayan structures ever discovered, the National Geographic Society announced Friday.

The society is a chief sponsor of the Cancuen excavation project.

"We started off working with what we thought was a small palace, part of a small Mayan settlement," said Arthur Demerest, a Vanderbilt University archaeologist and head of the Cancuen project. "What we found was a palace 20 times as large as we were expecting and an important Mayan marketplace that had been forgotten for almost 100 years."

Built in the shadow of the hulking palace, the 5-square-mile city featured a crowded rectangular layout of heavy stone walls, 11 spacious stone-tiled patios and buildings with cubbyhole-like rooms and thick, multileveled roofs.

While Demerest said scientists aren't sure how many Mayan merchants traded in Cancuen, the city is thought to have attracted thousands from nearby highland settlements, including the sprawling, majestic city of Tikal, 85 miles to the northeast.

Cancuen, an ancient Maya word meaning "Place of the Serpent," became a key trading post because of the sprawling River Passion in what is known today as southern Peten, Guatemala's northernmost province, Demerest said.

First discovered in 1905 by Austrian explorer Tobert Maler, scientists and looters ignored the site for years.

"A city that was built only for commercial purposes and not for religious ones seemed uninteresting to a lot of academics and worthless to a lot of looters," Demerest said, adding that the city is now overrun with such jungle-dwelling animals as howler monkeys.

Cancuen lacked the breathtaking temples that dominate Tikal and other Mayan sites because its inhabitants worshipped and buried their dead in surrounding highland areas.

"All of the fantastic temples you see at other sites are an effort to copy the altitude of the highlands that surrounded Cancuen," said Demerest, who said that being close to the heavens was the cornerstone of Mayan religious practices. "In Cancuen they had the real thing."

Though work at the site has been suspended until next spring because of the rainy season, scientists have already recovered dozens of artifacts in nearby mountain caves.

Cancuen remained shrouded by jungle until 1967, when a group of Harvard graduate students returned to the city for less than a week and brought back crude sketches of what they thought was waiting to be discovered there.

Demerest and scientists from Guatemala's City's Valley University were drawn back to the area in April because hieroglyphics inscribed in artifacts recovered in Tikal and Dos Pilas, the ancient Maya's largest commercial center, made reference to a marketplace called Cancuen and its powerful fourth-century B.C. ruler, Tah Chan Wi, or "Celestial Fire."

Frederico Fahsen, the foremost Guatemalan authority on deciphering Mayan hieroglyphics and the Cancuen project's co-director, said the Cancuen ruler married his daughter to the king of Dos Pilas, 55 miles to the northeast, to establish relationships with surrounding settlements rather than go to war with them.

"Mayan cities have been in constant war, with their constructions dedicated to the gods and the heavens," Fahsen said. "Here we have exactly the opposite."

Neolithic Canoeists Cruised Paris' Seine 6,000 Years Ago
Tuesday, September 19, 2000
By Marilyn August

http://www.foxnews.com/science/092000/canoes.sml

PARIS — Three 6,000-year-old canoes, unveiled Thursday, suggest human settlements were set up at the location of present-day Paris up to 1,500 years earlier than had been believed.

The 20-foot canoes, each hewn from a single oak log, will be the centerpiece of a new wing of the Carnavalet Museum scheduled to open later this year.

The dugouts, the earliest of which experts say dates to 4,500 B.C., were unearthed along with thousands of artifacts by French archaeologists in 1990 during a major urban renewal project on the banks of the Seine at Bercy, in southeastern Paris.

"The site is the most spectacular of its kind ever found in Paris and shows that the city is much older than we had thought," said Philippe Velay, archaeology curator at the Carnavalet.

Other Neolithic remains were found under the courtyard of the Louvre Museum in central Paris when it was undergoing renovations in the early 1980s, he said. But that find, much smaller than the Bercy one, was not studied in depth at the time.

Together, the finds suggest two Neolithic communities a few miles apart that had contact with each other via the Seine, which at the time was over a mile wide in parts. Experts had previously put the earliest settlements in the Paris region to
around 3,000-2,500 B.C.

The Neolithic period, characterized by polished stone tools, pottery and agriculture, ranges from 8,000-3,500 B.C.

The Bercy site could have had between a few hundred and a thousand people living in it at one time. Along with a total 11 canoes, archaeologists found some 50,000 objects — including perfectly preserved fragments of ceramic bowls and cups, a flint and a millstone. A double tomb was unearthed containing the skeletons of two children, aged 9 and 5, curled in the fetal position.

Also found were a polished ax, wooden bow and a fish hook, as well as beaver, turtle and wolf remains, Velay said. "This suggests that the earliest city dwellers were concerned primarily with their own survival, and hunted and fished for food," he said.

The canoes — some large enough to hold six people — were found about 26 feet underground, perfectly preserved in the soil. One boat was split in half inadvertently by a bulldozer working on the site.

"The biggest challenge was figuring out a way to make sure that their discovery was not the first step towards their disappearance," said archaeologist Philippe Marquis, who made the discovery in September 1990.

"We had to make sure they didn't just dry out and crumble, and basically, we just kept them wet using an ordinary lawn sprinkler," he said.

Marquis said that if archaeologists had had the opportunity to stay and excavate longer, they could have unearthed more of the settlement. A public park has since been built over the site.

Since their discovery, which was not made public at the time, the canoes underwent a $280,000 treatment at a laboratory in Grenoble to stabilize the condition of the wood. They will be displayed in temperature- and humidity-controlled cases.

Debate about past thrives in present
Scholars push idea of early European settlement of America

By Michael Hill
Associated Press
Originally published Nov 16 2000

http://www.baltimoresun.com/content/news/story?section=news-maryland-sun&pagename=story&storyid=1150510212950

WOODSTOCK, N.Y. - The patch of pale gray bedrock is partly obscured by moss and fallen leaves. It's one rock in a woods full of rocks.

Look more closely, says John Friedman. See how the rock is shaped, most probably by some tool, into three or four right-angled steps? Notice how the steps lead down to a rectangular hole?

The hole was a cistern, Friedman says. Off to the side, that squared-off stone, now tilting at an angle, was an altar. Some time ago, Friedman says he removed a stone crow's head from the altar for safekeeping.

The steps and the cistern and the altar are the remains of a sweat lodge, asserts Friedman. This is where the ancient Europeans took steam baths in North America.

In the woods near Woodstock, Friedman conjures history not found in textbooks. He tells of Druids and Celtic sun worshippers who came to this continent, specifically to what is now the northeastern United States, a long time before Christopher Columbus.

"Everything that you have been told about history," he says, "is wrong."

Maybe.

Piles of rocks?

Mainstream researchers still hold that no Europeans created significant settlements in North America until after Columbus' 1492 voyage. Friedman's theory of ancient visitors is an old one, previously dismissed by academics as crackpot - akin to alien abductions and the lost continent of Atlantis.

Yet such theories persist. Rebel scholars continue to turn up ancient evidence, and amateur buffs such as Friedman keep seeing signs of long-lost civilization underfoot where other see only piles of rocks.

The controversy centers on claims that North America was visited by ancient peoples from Asia and Europe, such as Celtic explorers in 1500 B.C. The catchall phrase for these theories of geographically expansive cultures is "diffusionism."

The purported evidence is all around us: SUV-sized boulders improbably perched on sets of pointed stones; the "Bat Creek Stone," discovered in Tennessee in 1899 and inscribed with what some interpret as a Hebrew script from the second century; Mystery Hill in Salem, N.H., where chambers covered by immense slabs of granite have been dubbed "America's Stonehenge."

Such arguments percolated for decades before getting a boost in the 1970s from an apparently unlikely source - a Harvard marine biologist named Barry Fell. The late scholar had a passion for interpreting ancient scripts and claimed to have deciphered ancient Celtic writings on stone structures around New England. Fell maintained that inscriptions written in various ancient European languages could be found throughout the New World.

Many archaeologists maligned Fell's work; even his defenders judge much of it as flawed. But he became a sort of diffusionist Carl Sagan after his 1976 book "America B.C." and two sequels introduced a general readership to ideas about pre-Columbus contact.

Fell helped inspire Friedman's own backwoods wanderings around Woodstock. The 61-year-old architect-artist still keeps handy a dogeared copy of Fell's book.

Displayed on a wooden stand in the center of his living room is a waist-high stone from the steam bath site. Carved into its surface is what Friedman interprets as a deer being hunted. "I know this was done by a Bronze Age Scandinavian," he says.

Matter of interpretation

While believers like Friedman are commonly dismissed as denizens of the fringe,they have plenty of company. One annotated bibliography of diffusionist books, articles and dissertations lists more than 5,000 entries. More are being written all the time. Diffusionists have magazines and societies, such as the Institute for the Study of American Cultures, which met in Columbus, Ga., this fall.

Believers in the ancient visitors often claim that the sheer number of unusual ruins and inscribed stones makes their case. The problem is, critics hone in on the basic interpretations, casting doubt on all else they would seem to support.

Consider the stone chambers.

Scattered throughout New York state and New England are dozens of semi-sunken stone rooms covered by giant slab roofs. Fell believed these were ancient structures dedicated to a sun god named Bel. He cited ancient inscriptions and the tendency of the chambers to be situated so their doorways faced the sun at key times of the year, such as the winter solstice.

But where Fell saw an inscription reading "Pay heed to Bel, his eye is the sun," critics saw nothing more than old plow marks. Joseph Diamond of the State University of New York at New Paltz is among the anthropologists who believe the structures are nothing more than Colonial-era root cellars, with doors situated to take advantage of natural light.

Other diffusionist claims are similarly rebutted: Balanced boulders were deposited by glaciers, inscribed stones are frauds, the structures on New Hampshire's Mystery Hill were likely built by a 19th-century eccentric named Jonathan Pattee.

Diamond says he's worked on more than 100 digs up and down the Hudson Valley over 25 years and never come across evidence of ancient Europeans. He is among many scientists who ask: Where are the everyday artifacts?

"We don't have any houses or any other kinds of sites associated with anything other than these sacred sites," Diamond says. "Imagine a society only living in churches or temples or mosques - without living in houses."

Counterarguments

Diffusionists counter that other evidence should be considered, like similarities in crops and religions among widely separated ancient cultures; they say that the sweet potato, for instance, thought to be indigenous to the Western Hemisphere, was actually a food staple in eastern Asia in ancient times and could have been introduced to the Americas by those cultures. They point, too, to L'Anse aux Meadows, Newfoundland - North America's only known Viking camp, which dates back to 1000 B.C. and was excavated in the 1960s.

After decades of debate, positions of the two sides appear as hardened as the stones they argue over. Some archaeologists still act like they're trying to shake off a frenzied dog chomping on their pant leg. Advocates such as Friedman believe the evidence is right there in the woods, if only people will see.

Walking away from his steam bath find, Friedman nudges a stone protruding from the forest floor with his shoe and says over his shoulder: "I bet that's something."

http://www.rumormillnews.net/cgi-bin/config.pl?read=5599

Rumor Mill News Read Only Forum

Poleshift: The Evidence

Posted By: Rixon <rixonx@netscapeonline.co.uk>
Date: Thursday, 23 November 2000, 5:14 a.m.

WORLDS BEFORE OUR OWN: PART ONE

What happens when unique skeletal and cultural evidence from a prehistoric world appear long before they
should -- and in places where they should not...? by Brad Steiger

It is rather amazing that such sophisticated people, as we judge ourselves to be, do not even know who we
are. And it becomes rather dismaying to discover that there is a great deal of suppressed, ignored, and
misplaced pre-historical cultural evidence that would alter the established interpretations of human origins
and provide us with a much clearer definition of what it means to be human.
Archaeologists, anthropologists, and various academicians who play the "origins of Man" game, reluctantly
and only occasionally acknowledge instances where unique skeletal and cultural evidence from the
prehistoric record suddenly appear long before they should -- and in places where they should not. These
irritating artifacts destroy the orderly evolutionary line that academia has for so long presented to the public.
Consequently, such data has been largely left buried in site reports, forgotten storage rooms, and dusty
archives. Although the Leakeys, that eminent family of anthropologists, have offered dramatic new
evidence that the "homo" lineage goes back at least three million years, the academic consensus holds that
an ancestor of modern man evolved about one million years ago. Homo Sapiens, the "thinking man," our
own species... became the dominant planetary life form on a worldwide basis about 40,000 years ago.
It is difficult enough to explain the sudden appearance or influx of Homo Sapiens at that time, but it is an
even more complex question to ponder why Neanderthal and Cro-Magnon man correspondingly
disappeared. And just when Richard Leakey is adding to a growing body of evidence that mankind
developed in Africa, a Hungarian excavation surrenders a Homo Sapiens skull fragment in a context more
than 600,000 years out of alignment with the accepted calendar of man's migrations across the planet.
The Creationist may present an extreme point of view when he maintains that the world is roughly only
6000 years old and that man himself is only a few days younger, but what happens to evolution when there
are such sites as the one in Australia, which yielded Homo Sapiens (modern man), Homo erectus (our
million-year-old ancestor), and Neanderthal (our Stone Age cousin) in what appears to be a
contemporaneous environment?
Then there is the Tabun site where Homo Sapiens fragments were found in strata below (which means older
than) classic Neanderthal bones. This is but one of several digs that has produced evidence of modern man
before what is accepted as one of his predecessors.
Somewhere, in what would appear to be a biological and cultural free-for-all, there must lie the answer to
that most important question: Who are we? But just as we are trying our best to fit skeletal fragments
together in a manner that will be found acceptable to what we believe we know about our origins,
pre-Adamite footprints are being found, which, if they are what they appear to be, will make total shambles
of our accepted evolutionary calendar.
In Pershing County, Nevada, a shoe print was found in Triassic limestone, strata indicative of 400 million
years, in which the fossilized evidence clearly revealed finely wrought double-stitching in the seams. Early
in 1975, Dr. Stanley Rhine of the University of New Mexico announced his discovery of human-like
footprints in strata indicative of 40 million years old.
A few months before, a similar find was made in Kenton, Oklahoma. At almost the same time, a similar
discovery was revealed in north-central Wisconsin.
At Glen Rose, Texas a 16-inch hominid footprint was next to dinosaur tracks in contemporaneous strata,
thereby suggesting that man may have outlived the giant reptiles by 80 million years.
If man lived at the same time as the dinosaurs, he might have been a king-sized fellow to better confront the
gigantic reptiles. Skeletal remains of surprisingly large human beings have been discovered all over the
Americas, from Minnesota to Nicaragua. The skeletons average in size from seven to over eight feet tall --
and none of them are carved "Cardiff" hoaxes.
In Death Valley, there is ample fossil and skeletal evidence to indicate that the desolate area was once a
tropical Garden of Eden where a race of giants lived and fed themselves with palatable foods taken from the
local lakes and forests.
To speak of a race of prehistoric giants in what is now the desert sands of Death Valley is simultaneously to
refute the doctrine which decrees that man is a relative newcomer to the North and South American
continents. While on the one hand, new radiocarbon dates demonstrate that the Bering Land Bridge and
Cordilleran Ice Corridor were not passable until 9000 years ago, an increasing amount of physical evidence
indicates that man was surely in this hemisphere much earlier than that recent date. For one thing, corn, a
New World contribution to the pantries, is said to be, at 9000 years, our oldest domesticated seed crop.
Some earliest agriculturist had to be on this continent more than 9000 years ago in order to domesticate the
seed. Conclusive proof that such ancient farmers did exist was offered when a Humble Oil
Company drill brought up Mexican corn pollen that was more than 80,000 years old.
The anomalous Indian blood seration and dentition and the geographic distribution of the American Indian
demands an impossible genetic time scale in which to transform Asiatic immigrant to distinctive New World
inhabitant. Even if we attempt to keep some kind of peace with the accepted theories of New World
habitation, we must grant more evolution in 40,000 years in North America than that which took place in
more than one million years in Europe, Africa, and Asia. We might rest our case by providing as evidence
the 50,000 year-old skulls found in California, which are clearly those of American Indians, but we are left
with another mystery. A 140,000 year old American Indian type skull (via metric analysis) has been found
at an Iranian excavation site.
What enormously complicates the above finding is the uneasy fact that no precedent or prior skull types of
the American Indian have been found anywhere in the world. The Amerindians appear without any
evolutionary transformational base.
The sites of the mysterious Mullions also offer no end of trouble to conventional timetables and esteemed
evolutionary structures. The Mullion culture suddenly appeared approximately 10,000 years ago along the
Algerian coast with the largest skeletal population in the entire prehistoric record. In addition, the Mullions
also possessed the largest cranial capacity of any population the world has ever known -- approximately
2,000 cc versus our present 1,400 cc. Whoever the Mullions were, they inhabited the site only briefly, and
their population consisted mostly of women and children, who worked with tool types and domesticated
animals never before seen.
As we shall see again and again, we have such a limited knowledge and practically no understanding of the
worlds before our own. For example, who walked the streets of that remarkable ''minicivilization" in
Yugoslavia? Whoever strode the boulevards of those now silent cities were once citizens of a culture that
flourished before ancient Egypt and China -- 5000 years before the glory that was Greece.
What of the lost Amerindian civilization of Cahokia, complete with pyramids and a great wall? One site,
near the present city of St. Louis, may have contained a metropolis of more than 250,000 North American
Indians.
And who constructed the mysterious seven-mile walls of the Berkeley and Oakland, California, hills? Or the
stone wall that runs for 20 miles near Petra in Jordan? And which pre-Mayan peoples engineered an
elaborate waterworks in Yucatan to irrigate crops over 2000 years ago?
And orthodox pooh-poohing to the contrary, the pyramids do hold many mysteries. No one has ever really
answered the anomalies of the Egyptian and Mexican pyramids; no one has truly dated them; and if we
accept established theories for their construction, no one has explained how the earliest and smallest
populations could
erect the largest architecture.
Scientific knowledge has seemingly been prized by certain inhabitants of every culture, known and
unknown. Rock engravings, which may be as old as 60 million years, depict in step-by-step illustrations an
entire heart-transplant operation and a Cesarean section. These 150,00 engraved stones also portray scenes
indicating that a very special race of man actually lived at the same time as the prehistoric monster reptiles.
The ancient Egyptians used the equivalent of contraceptive jelly and had urine pregnancy tests. The cement
used in filling Mayan dental cavities still holds after 1500 years. The Caracol Tower at Chichen Itza is a
remarkable Mesoamerican observatory that seems to have correlated its findings with similar sites in North
America, including Mesa Verde, Wichita, and Chaco Canyon. No fabric is supposed to have been found
until Egypt produced cloth material 5000 years ago. How, then, can we deal with the Russian site which
provides spindle whorls and patterned fabric designs more than 80,000 years old? Not only did the ancient
Babylonians
appear to use sulfur matches, but they had a technology sophisticated enough to employ complex
electrochemical battery cells with wiring. There is also evidence of electric batteries and electrolysis in
ancient Egypt, India, and Swahililand.
There is evidence of a metal-working factory of over 200 furnaces which was found at what is now
Medzamor in Russian Armenia. Although a temperature of over 1780 degrees is required to melt platinum,
some pre-Incan peoples in Peru were making objects of the metal. Even today the process of extracting
aluminum from bauxite is a complicated procedure, but Chou Chu, famous general of the Tsin era (265-316
A.D.), was interred with aluminum
belt fasteners on his burial costume. Relics found embedded in solid rock or in ancient, undisturbed strata
are called "erratics" The discoveries of these erratics suggest a vast antiquity for man's existence on this
planet. Carved bones, chalk, stones, together with what would appear to be greatly ornamented ''coins,"
have been brought up from great depths during well-drilling operations. A strange, imprinted slab was
found in a coal mine.
The artifact was decorated with diamond-shaped squares with the face of an old man in each ''box." In
another coal-mine discovery, miners found smooth, polished concrete blocks which formed a solid wall.
According to one miner's testimony. he chipped one block open only to find the standard mixture of sand
and cement that makes up most typical building blocks of today.
A gold necklace was found embedded in a lump of coal. A metal spike was discovered in a silver mine in
Peru.
An iron implement was found in a Scottish coalbed. Estimated to be millions of years older than man is
believed to have existed. A metal, bell-shaped vessel, inlaid with a silver floral design was blasted out of
solid rock near Dorchester, Massachusetts.
Two hypotheses may explain the presence of these perplexing artifacts, these "erratics": 1) that they were
manufactured by an advanced civilization on Earth which, due either to natural or technological catastrophe,
was destroyed before our world's own genesis; 2) that they are vestiges of a highly technological
civilization of extraterrestrial origin, which visited this planet millions of years ago, leaving behind various
artifacts.
Even if a highly advanced extraterrestrial race might have visited this planet in prehistoric times, it seems
unlikely such common, everyday items as nails, necklaces, buckles and vases would have been carried
aboard a spacecraft deposited in such widely separated areas; for erratics have been found in North and
South America, Great Britain, the whole of Europe, Africa, Asia, and the Mid-East.
The question of just what exactly may have happened to these worlds before our own is one that invites a
great deal of highly speculative thinking. In spite of the general unpopularity of catastrophism, there does
seem to be a number of recently discovered "proofs" of ancient cataclysmic changes in the Earth's crust
which may account for the nearly total disappearance of these prehistoric worlds. Geological evidence
indicates that these changes were both sudden and drastic might have completely overwhelmed and
destroyed the early inhabitants and their cultures.
Perhaps the most potentially mind-boggling evidence of an advanced prehistoric technology that might have
blown its parent-culture away is to be found in those sites which ostensibly bear mute evidence of
pre-Genesis nuclear reactions.
In earlier writings I told of the "fused green glass" found deep in the strata of an archaeological dig. The
statement that such material had been known previously only at nuclear testing sites (where the sand had
melted to form the substance) proved to be an unsettling thought for many readers. But throughout the
planet, in the same geologic strata, there unequivocally exists areas which scientists state are strongly
suggestive of nuclear reactions. Could it be possible that these sites provide evidence of a prehistoric
nuclear war? ''Fused green glass" has been found in such sites as pierrelatte in Gabon, Africa; the
Euphrates Valley; the Sahara Desert; the Gobi Desert; Iraq; the Mojave Desert; Scotland; the Old and Middle
Kingdoms of Egypt; and south-central Turkey. At the same time, scientists have found a number of
uranium deposits that appear to have been mined or depleted in antiquity.

This excerpt was taken from: Steiger, Brad. "Worlds Before Our Own." New York: Berkley Publishing
Group, 1979.

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Rumor Mill News Read Only Forum

Worlds Before Our Own: evidence of a Pole shift?

Posted By: Rixon <rixonx@netscapeonline.co.uk>
Date: Thursday, 23 November 2000, 7:56 a.m.

World's Before Our Own . . .And What Became Of Them?
Housed in a warehouse in Ica, Peru is a collection of 20,000 stone tablets some of which carry pictures
portraying advanced medical practice. The tablets were first seen and recorded by a Jesuit missionary,
Father Simon, who accompanied Pizarro in 1525. Amongst other scenes portrayed there are pictures of
what appear to be Caesarean surgery and blood transfusions as well as the use of acupuncture needles as an
anesthetic and detailed images of what seems like open heart surgery.

It is becoming increasingly evident that our notions of human history are not simply mistaken but in need of
a total overhaul. The evidence is beginning to mount to the point where it can no longer be ignored; all
across the planet archaeological finds are being made that are distinctly at odds with the conventional
notions of humanity's past and point to a revolution in the way we see ourselves and our origins.
Over the last two centuries various archeological finds have been unearthed which do not fit into the
conventional time-scale of pre-history; these so-called archeological anomalies have largely been buried in
site reports or left to gather dust in museum storage rooms. However the sheer volume of these finds and
the very nature of some of them calls for another look at the world's before our own.
Academic consensus maintains that the ancestor of modern man emerged one million years ago. Whilst
modern man, homo sapiens, only emerged as the dominant planetary life form some 40,000 years ago; this
is generally the line held by conventional archeologists and anthropologists, in spite of the fact that there is
considerable evidence to the contrary.
Thus we have the case of the metal spheres found by miners in the Western Transvaal, South Africa. Over
the past few decades miners in the area have come across metal spheres, often grooved, in layers of
sedimentation estimated at 2.8 billion years old. According to Roelf Marx, curator of the Klerksdorp
museum where they are kept: "The spheres are a complete mystery. . .They're nothing like I have ever seen
before." Moreover the spheres are so hard that they cannot be scratched, even with a hard metal point. In
1979 several were closely examined by J.R. McIver, professor of geology at the University of
Witwatersrand in Jo'burg and Andries Bischoff, geology professor at Potschefstroom University. What
they found only deepened the mystery; averaging 1 to 4 inches in diameter the spheres are usually coloured
steel blue with tiny flecks of white fibers embedded in them. They were found to be made of a nickel-steel
alloy which does not occur naturally, and is of such a composition that excludes any meteoric origin. Quite
simply they do not fit into any conventional prehistoric time-scale.

Likewise an early Paleolithic skull on display in London's Natural History Museum would seem to defy all
conventional archeology. Dated at 38,000 years old and excavated in 1921 in modern Zambia, the skull
bears a perfectly round hole about a third of an inch in diameter on its left side. Opposite the hole, the
cranium is shattered, and reconstruction of the fragments show that the skull was smashed from the inside
out, as if from a bullet wound. Forensic experts who have examined the skull all agree that the cranial
damage could only have been caused by a high speed projectile. So the fact that the skull was excavated
from a depth of 60 foot, of mostly lead rock, only deepens the mystery.

Just as baffling is the case of an iron pot found in a block of coal. Thus according to an affidavit made by
Frank J. Kenwood in 1912: "While I was working in the Municipal Electric Plant in Thomas, Okla, in
1912, I came upon a solid chunk of coal which was too large to use. I broke it with a sledge hammer. This
iron pot fell from the center, leaving the impression or mould of the pot in the piece of coal. . .I traced the
source of the coal and found that it came from the Wilburton, Oklahoma, Mines."
According to Robert O. Fay of the Oklahoma Geological Survey, the Wilburton mine coal is about 312
million years old.
In a similar vein, so to speak, we have this account first published in Brad Steigers 'World's Before Our
Own: "In the year 1928, I, Atlas Almon Mathis, was working in coal mine No. 5., located two miles north
of Heavener, Oklahoma. This was a shaft mine, and they told us it was two miles deep. The mine was so
deep that they let us down into it in an elevator . . .They pumped air down to us, it was so deep." After
blasting the miners came across what appeared to be some concrete blocks, according to Mathis: "These
blocks were 12-inch cubes and were so smooth and polished on the outside that all six sides could serve as
mirrors. Yet they were full of gravel, because I chipped one of them with my pick, and it was plain concrete
inside."
"As I started to timber the room up," Mathis continued, "it caved in; and I barely escaped. When I came
back after the cave-in, a solid wall of these polished blocks was left exposed. About 100 to 150 yards
farther down our air core, another miner struck this same wall, or one very similar." The coal in the mine
was probably carboniferous which, according standard dating methods, would mean that the wall was at
least 286 million years old.
Thereafter the mining company officials pulled the men out of the mine and forbade them to speak about
what they had found. In a strange twist of fate the men were then sent to the Wilburton mine mentioned
previously. According to Mathis the miners there spoke of having found "a solid block of silver in the shape
of a barrel . . .with the prints of the staves on it."
As far back as the eighteen hundreds artifacts were being unearthed which defied conventional archeology.
For example in 1871, William E. Dubois of the Smithsonian Institute reported finding several man-made
objects whilst drilling a well in Marshall County, Illinois. Using a "common ground auger" a number of
coin like objects were recovered from a depth of about 114 feet. At that depth the Illinois State Geological
Survey estimates the deposits were made "sometime between 200,000 and 400,000 years ago."
Dudois concluded that one coin in particular could only have been made in a machine shop. Noting its
uniform thickness, he said the coin must have "passed through a rolling mill; and if the ancient Indians had
such a contrivance, it must have been pre-historic."
J.W. Moffat, who was working with Dubois at the time, reported to the Smithsonian that other anomalous
objects were found whilst drilling in nearby Whiteside County, Illinois. At a depth of 120 feet, workmen
discovered "a large copper ring or ferrule, similar to those used on ship spars at the present time. . . They
also found something fashioned like a boat-hook." Moffat concluded that: "There are numerous instances of
relics found at lesser depths. A spear-shaped hatchet, made of iron, was found embedded in clay at 40 feet;
and stone pipes and pottery have been unearthed at depths varying from 10 to 50 feet in many localities."
The Illinois State Geological Survey noted in 1984 that the age of deposits at 120 feet in Whiteside County
varies greatly; in some places, they might only be 50,000 years old, whilst in other places one would find
Silurian bedrock 410 million years old.

And still, the evidence of world's before our own continues to grow.

On October 8,1922, The New York Sunday American ran a prominent feature by Dr W.H. Ballou: "while
he was prospecting for fossils in Nevada," Ballou wrote, "John T. Reid, a distinguished mining engineer
and geologist, stopped suddenly and looked down in utter bewilderment and amazement at a rock near his
feet." What Reid had actually stumbled on was, it seemed, a fossilized footprint. According to Ballou it
was, "apparently, a shoe sole which had turned into stone . . .there was the outline of at least two-thirds of
it , and around this outline ran a well defined sewn thread which had, it appeared, attached the welt to the
sole. Further on there was another line of sewing" . . .and . . "an indentation, exactly such as would have
been made by the bone of the heel rubbing upon and wearing down the material of which the sole had been
made."
Reid then took the fossil to New York where it was examined by a number of eminent scientists.
Their conclusions were unanimous, in effect "it was the most remarkable natural imitation of an artificial
object they had ever seen." The scientists were also agreed that the rock formation was Triassic in origin
whilst Dr W. D. Mathew of the American Museum of Natural History declared it a remarkable imitation, "a
freak of nature."
Despite Mathew's dismissal, Reid persisted: "I next got hold of a micro-photographer and an analytical
chemist" wrote Reid: "The micro-photo magnifications are twenty times larger than the specimen itself,
showing the minutest detail of thread twist and warp, proving conclusively that the shoe sole is not a
resemblance, but is strictly the handiwork of man. Even to the naked eye the threads can be seen distinctly .
. .I will add that at least two geologists . . .have admitted that the shoe sole is valid, a genuine fossilization
in Triassic rocks." It should be added that the Triassic period is now generally dated at around 213 - 248
million years ago.

Some of the archeological anomalies discovered, like the above, are quite prosaic and certainly not the
product of a hi-tech civilization. However some very obviously are the vestiges of a technically very
advanced culture; like the minute spiral shaped objects unearthed in the
Eastern Urals which bear a remarkable resemblance to contemporary cutting edge nano-technology, as
detailed in the 2nd issue of the Seeker.
Some other anomalies are quite literally monumental, such as the ziggurat found off the Coast of Okinawi,
Japan.
Over 600 feet wide and 90 feet high the edifice was initially thought to be a natural formation on its
discovery, nearly 10 years ago. However, closer inspection prompted a reassessment. Thus according to
Professor Kimura, a marine geologist at the University of Okinawa: "This could only have been done by a
people with a high degree of technology . . .There would have been some sort of machinery involved to
create such a huge structure."
Elsewhere similar evidence has been unearthed which points to scientific and technical knowledge existing
long before it was previously assumed.
In 1938, Dr Wilhelm Kong, an Austrian archeologist, was rummaging around the basement of a Baghdad
museum when he came across a six inch high pot of clay. The pot contained a cylinder of sheet copper
which was soldered with a 60-40 lead-tin alloy, whilst the bottom of the cylinder was a crimped-in copper
disk sealed with bitumen. Another insulating layer of bitumen sealed the top and held in place an iron rod
suspended into the centre of the copper cylinder. With a background in mechanics, Dr Kong immediately
recognized that what he was looking at was, in effect, a battery. What was unusual though was that it had
been unearthed from an archeological site dated 2000 years old, whilst other similar artifacts had been
recovered from sites dated as far back as 5000 years.
These latter were unearthed from Sumerian remains in southern Iraq and dated to at least 2,500 BC. That's
long before Michael Faraday is said to have discovered electromagnetic induction and the laws of
electrolysis in the early 1800's. So the million dollar question is: were these artifacts the forerunner of
Faraday's discovery . . . or the vestiges of a technically advanced civilization? And if these artifacts were
the remnants of an advanced civilization then there follows the Billion dollar question: what exactly
happened to this civilization?

Could it have been that it was engulfed in some kind of nuclear Armageddon? Evidence indicative of nuclear
explosions has been discovered across the planet in the form of "fused green glass" found deep in the strata
of various archeological digs. Usually only found at nuclear testing sites, the glass has been unearthed at
various archeological digs as far apart as Gabon, Africa, the Gobi Desert and Scotland.
Is it possible that a previous civilization was destroyed by a nuclear conflict? Could it be that a handful of
survivors emerged from the ruins of a nuclear apocalypse and then, over millennia, slowly rebuilt
civilization?

Or could there be another reason for these anomalies. Whilst we accept that the above may well be a
possibility we would suggest that there maybe other explanations.
We would suggest that shifting crustal displacements could be a critical factor here.
The theory of crustal displacement, first postulated by Charles H. Hapgood and subsequently backed by no
less than Albert Einstien, was outlined by Richard Noone in the 'Hammer and the Pendulum', featured in
the previous issue.
More than that though we would suggest that this scenario has occurred not just once but on a number of
previous occasions; indeed what we are looking at is a cyclic pattern, a pattern that has embossed itself
across the face of unrecorded human history.
As Richard Noone described in his article the crustal displacement would be dramatic and cataclysmic,
triggering a geological Armageddon; across the planet there would a wave of earthquakes, floods and
volcano's as the planets rigid crust suddenly shifted and tore itself asunder. And for those few who were
not killed in the initial shocks there would only be a desperate struggle to survive in the ruins of a shattered
civilization.
Stripped of everything that they had taken for granted they would be left with nothing but memories of the
former civilization. And then a few generations later there would little else but stories of a golden age and a
great flood that had destroyed everything in its path. As the millennia passed so too would the memories
and stories fade, until one day millennia later there would be little else but legends of a fabulous civilization
and stories of a mythical flood. And maybe, just maybe, a few archeological anomalies that would one day
baffle future scientists.
Sources include: The Hidden History of the human race, The condensed edition of Forbidden Archeology,
Michael A. Cremo and Richard L. Thompson, World's Before Our Own, Brad Stieger. 5-5-2000, Richard
Noone.
www.GrahamHancock.com

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Rumor Mill News Read Only Forum

LEGENDS OF THE FLOOD: Worlds Before Our Own 3

Posted By: Rixon <rixonx@netscapeonline.co.uk>
Date: Thursday, 23 November 2000, 12:11 p.m.

In Response To: Worlds Before Our Own: evidence of a Pole shift? (Rixon)

:LEGENDS OF THE FLOOD
Across the planet there are legends and myths of a great flood, a flood that drowned an earlier world and
which came in response to mans wickedness. In cultures as far apart as the Native America's and the
Maoris in New Zealand, from China to Turkey, from central Africa to Lithuania stories are told of a great
flood; these stories number literally in the hundreds and the same themes are repeated again and again. In
cultures as diverse as Tibetan, ancient Hebrew and Australian Aboriginal the stories are told: of how
long, long ago, mankind began to dismiss the very notion of higher powers, of how he fell into
forgetfulness and corruption and of how the Creator punished him with a flood.
Thus the Native American Lakota tell of a world before this one, where people didn't know how to
behave or even act as human beings and how this displeased the Creator. In response he sang three
songs to bring rain, which caused the rivers to overflow. He then sang a fourth song and stamped on the
ground, splitting the earth open from which gushed torrents of water. The world was flooded but as the
waters receded he created four colours of people, from red, white, black and yellow earth. He then
created the rainbow as a sign that the flood was over; but he warned the new inhabitants of the earth that
he had destroyed the first world by fire, because it was bad, and the second world by flood, and he
would destroy this world too if the inhabitants were to spoil it.
Likewise the Ho of southwestern Bengal tell the story of the first men; of how they became incestuous
and unaware of the Creator and of how he destroyed them, some say by fire, others say by flood.
Similarly, the story is told in Guyana of how the world has been destroyed twice, once by fire and once
by floods. On each occasion the gods decided to destroy the world because of the wickedness of men.
However a pious and wise chief was informed of the impending flood and saved himself and his family
in a large canoe.
Whilst the ancient Chinese told of how the Supreme Sovereign ordered the water god, Gong Gong, to
create a flood as a warning and punishment for human misbehavior.

The Yakima of Washington State tell of a time when men from many different tribes had gone to war
with each other and of how even 'medicine men' had killed. However there were still a few good people
left and one of them heard from 'the Land Above' that a 'Big Water' was coming. So he told the other
good people and they decided to build a canoe out of the biggest cedar tree they could find. Soon after
the canoe was finished a flood came, "filling the valleys and covering the mountains." The waters finally
receded and a new world emerged but the Creator warned that there would be another flood if the people
"did wrong again."
The Yellowstone of Wyoming tell of a time when men hunted for sport, burned and cleared forests, and
didn't think of the animals as their brothers (Sound familiar? Ed). This saddened the Great Spirit and he
sent a great rain to extinguish the fires and destroy men.
Similarly the Maori of New Zealand tell of a time, long ago, when a great many tribes quarreled and
went to war with each other: of how they neglected to acknowledge their Creator and consequently
forgot his teachings. So two prophets appeared: Para-whenua-mea and Tupu-nui-a-uta tried to teach the
true doctrine but the people just laughed and jeered at them. So the two prophets then built a raft and
provisioned it with fern-root and sweet potatoes and prayed for rain, to convince the people of the power
of the Creator. Two men named Tiu and Reti then boarded the raft along with some women; they
continued reciting the prayers and incantations for rain and thereafter it rained torrentially for four days.
After the rain stopped the waters continued to rise until months later they finally receded. As they did so
a new world was revealed, the earth had been utterly transformed, and the only survivors were those
few left aboard the raft.
Whilst many of the flood stories make mention of rains we feel it should be noted that to a primitive
man, unversed in geophysics and the theory of crustal displacement, torrential rain would be the only
apparent explanation for a flood of such immense proportions. Thus we feel that the reader should bear
in mind Charles Hapgood's theory of crustal displacement whilst reviewing these tales. Moreover to a
relatively unsophisticated man, unaware of the workings of shifting plate tectonics and earthquakes,
such phenomenon would be more easily understood in terms of "the Creator stamped on the ground."

Indeed it would be a serious mistake to arrogantly dismiss these tales as fairy stories or crude folklore.
For some of these stories may have implications for our future too; hence the North American Hopi say
that the first world was destroyed by an all-consuming fire that came, 'from the ground below and the
sky above', as a punishment for human misdemeanors. The second world ended when the planet
toppled from its axis and everything was covered with ice. The third world ended in a universal flood.
Whilst the fate of this world, the fourth world, depends on whether or not its inhabitants behave in
accordance with the Creators plan.
The Bible has the story of Noah, revered by both Christians and Jews alike, whilst the Koran refers to
exactly the same story. Likewise the Chaldeans told a similar tale: of how the god Chronos warned
Xisuthrus of a coming flood and ordered him to build and provision a vessel for his friends and family
and all the different kinds of animal.

Amongst the Michoacan in Mexico there is a tale similar to that of the biblical Noah, except that the main
protagonist there is called Tezpi; in every other respect though the similarities are striking.
So are all these similarities, amongst hundreds of tales told in different languages and dialects across the
planet, just a co-incidence? Or are these tales themselves the remnants of the faded memories of an event
which actually occurred, many, many millennia ago?
In answer we refer you back to Richard Noone's article 'The Hammer and the Pendulum', featured in
the previous issue. Whilst the article in question may not offer a complete answer it does, we believe,
provide some interesting clues to an event which occurred many millennia ago. . . and which may well
happen again.
Finally we have to ask: is it possible that above scenario could repeat itself? And moreover we should
ask whether the powers that be are aware of this possibility and if so what are they doing in response?
Certainly the Royal House of Windsor, whom I believe Sherman Skolnick recently described as "corrupt
and degenerate," is said to have bought is said to have purchased extensive tracts of land in Colorado: in
terms of elevation the highest State in the US. Moreover Denver is said to be slated as an area of major
importance in the New World Order. If anyone has further information on this feel free to contact us at
our email address above.
Source: www.best.com/~alta/floods.htm
First published in the Seeker number 5:
PO Box 458, Devizes, Wiltshire, SN10 UL, England,

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Here are a few links in regard to the Pole Shift

http://www.truinsight.com/POLAR%20SHIFT%20COMING-PART%20ONE.htm

http://www.truinsight.com/POLAR%20SHIFT%20COMING-PART%20TWO.htm

This is serious business in light of Bible Prophech regarding it Isaiah chapter 24.

Maggie

.