"Beloved, I wish above all things that thou mayest prosper and be in health, even as thy soul prospereth."
May it be that God leads out of 'Babylon' all who strive for His Kingdom.
Here are the words and definitions I have found for them.
Credit - Black's 3rd
The ability of a business man to borrow money, or obtain goods on time, in consequence of the favorable opinion held by the community, or by the particular lender, as to his solvency or reliablilty.
Fiction - Black's 3rd
An assumption or supposition of law that something which is or may be false is true, or that a state of facts exists which has never really taken place. (Cites omitted.) An assumption, for purposes of justice, of a fact that does not or may not exist. (Cite omitted.)
A rule of law which assumes as true, and will not allow to be disproved, something which is false, but not impossible. Best, Ev. 419.
* * *
File, n. - Black's 3rd
A thread, string, or wire upon which writs and other exhibits in courts and offices are fastened or filed for the more safe-keeping and ready turning to same. Spelman; Cowell; Tomlins. Papers put together and tied in bundles. A paper is said also to be filed when it is delivered to the proper officer, and by him received to be kept on file. (Cites omitted.) But, in general, "file," or "the files," is used loosely to denote the official custody of the court or the place in the offices of a court where the records and papers are kept. The "file" is a cause includes original subpoenas and all papers belonging thereto. Jackson v. Mobley, 157 Ala. 408, 47 So. 590.
File, v. - Black's 3rd
In practice. To put upon the files, or deposit in the custody or among the records of a court. To deliver an instrument or other paper to the proper officer for the purpose of being kept on file by him in the proper place. (Cites omitted.) It carries the idea of permanent preservation as a public record. In re Gubelman (C. C. A.) 10 F,(2d) 926, 929.
It is commonly held that the filing is complete when the paper is lodged with the proper officer, which indorsement, though required of him as a duty, is unnecessary to complete the filing or to give validity to the paper filed. (Cites omitted.)
* * *
Tenant - Black's 3rd
In the broadest sense, one who holds or possesses lands or tenements by any kind of right or title, whether in fee, for life, for years, at will or otherwise. (Cites omitted.)
In a more restricted sense, one who holds lands of another; one who has temporary use and occupation of real property owned by another person, (called the "landlord,") the duration and terms of his tenancy being usually fixed by an instrument called a "lease." (Cites omitted.)
* * * [Many sub-definitions omitted.]
Tenant Right - Black's 3rd
A kind of customary estate in the north of England, falling under the general class of copyhold, but distinguished from copyhold by many of its incidents.
The so-called tenant-right of renewal is the expectation of a leasee that his lease will be renewed, in cases where it is an established practice to renew leases from time to time, as in the case of leases from the crown, from ecclesiatical corporations, or other collegiate bodies. Strictly speaking, there can be no right of renewal against the lessor without an express compact by him to that effect, though the existence of the custom often influences the price in sales.
The Ulster tenant-right may be described as a right on the tenant's part to sell his holding to the highest bidder, subject to the existing or a reasonable increase of rent from time to time, as circumstances may require, with a reasonable veto reserved to the landlord in respect of the incoming tenant's character and solvency. Mozley & Whitley.
Tender - Black's 3rd
An offer of money; the act by which one produces and offers to a person holding a claim or demand against him the amount of money which he considers and admits to be due, in satisfaction of such claim or demand, without any stipulation or condition. (Cites omitted.)
"Tender," though usually used in connection with an offer to pay money, is properly used in connection with offer of property other than money. (Cites omitted.)
Tender, in pleading, is a plea by defendant that he has been always ready to pay the debt demanded, and before the commencement of the action tendered it to the plaintiff, and now brings it into court ready to be paid to him, etc. Brown.
* * *
Fidei-Commissum - Black's 3rd
In the civil law. A species of trust; being a gift of property (usually by will) to a person, accompaniedby a request or direction of the donor that the recipient will transfer the property to another, the latter being a person not capable of taking directly under the will or gift. (Cites omitted.)
Fide-Jussor - Black's 3rd
In Roman law. A guarantor; one who becomes responsible for the payment of another's debt, by a stipulation which binds him to discharge it if the principal debtot fails to do so. (Cites omitted.) He differs from a co-debtor in this, that the latter is equally bound to the debtor, with his principal, while the former is not liable till the principal has failed to fulfill his engagement. (Cites omitted.)
Cessio-Bonorum - Black's 3rd
In Roman law. Cession of goods. A surrender, reliquishment, or assignment of all his property and effects made by an insolvent debtor for the benefit ot his creditors. The effect of this voluntary action on the debtor's part was to secure him against imprisonment or any bodily punishment, and from infamy, and to cancel his debts to the extent of the property ceded. It much resembled our voluntary bankruptcy or assignment for creditors. The term is commonly employed in modern continental jurisprudence to designate a bankrupt's assignment of property to be distributed among his creditors, and is used in the same sense by some English and American writers, but here rather as a convenient than as a strictly technical term. (Cites omitted.)
Cession - Black's 3rd
The act of ceding; a yielding or giving up; surrender; relinquishment of property or rights.
In the Civil Law
An assignment. The act by which a party transfers property to another. The surrender or assignment of property for the benefit of one's creditors. See Cessio Bonorum.
In Ecclesiastical Law
A giving up or vacating a benefice, by accepting another without proper dispensation. 1 Bl. Comm. 392; Latch 234; Cowell.
In Public Law
The assignment, transfer, or yielding up of territory by one state or government to another. See U. S. v. Chaves, 159 U. S. 452, 16 S. Ct. 57, 40 L. Ed. 215; Municipality of Ponce v. Church, 210 U. S. 310, 28 S. Ct. 737, 52 L. Ed. 1068.
Cesti Que Trust - Black's 3rd
He who has a right to a beneficial interest in and out of an estate the legal title to which is vested in another. 2 Washb. Real Prop. 163. The person who possesses the equitable right to property and receives rents, issues, and profits thereof, the legal estate of which is vested in a trustee. Bernardsville Methodist Episcopal Church v. Seney, 85 N. J. Eq. 271, 96 A. 388, 389; Moore v. Shifflett, 187 Ky. 7, 216 S. W. 614, 616. It has been proposed to substitute for this uncouth term the English word "beneficiary," and the latter, though still far from universally adopted, has come to be quite frequently used. It is equal in precision to the antiquated and unwieldy Norman phrase, and far better adapted to the genius of our language.
Cesti Que Use - Black's 3rd
He for whose use and benefit lands or tenements are held by another. The cesti que use has the right to receive the profits and benefits of the estate, but the legal title and possession (as well as the duty of defending same) resides in the other. 2Bla. Comm. 330; 2 Washb. Real Prop. 95.
Demesne - Black's 3rd
Domain; dominical; held in one's own right, and not of a superior; not allotted to tenants.
In the language of pleading, own; proper; original. Thus, son assault demesne, his own assault, his assault originally or in the first place.
* * *
Demesne Lands - Black's 3rd
In English Law. Those lands of a manor not granted out in tenancy, but reserved by the lord for his own use and occupation. Lands set apart and appropriated by the lord for his own private use, as for the supply of his table, and the maintenance of his family; the opposite of tenemental lands. Tenancy and demesne, however, were not in every sense the opposites of each other; lands held for years or at will being included among demesne lands, as well as those in the lord's actual possession. Spelman; 2 Bl. Comm. 90.
Debit - Black's 3rd
A sum charged as due or owing. The term is used in book-keeping to denote the left page of the ledger, or the charging of a person or an account with all that is supplied to or paid out for him or for the subject of the account. Also, the balance of an account where it is shown that something remains due to the party keeping the account.
In industrial insurance nomenclature, a certain identified territory in which a solicitor operates by soliciting new business and taking care, as through collection of the debit accounts, of the company's patrons for insurance theretofore written; such insurance being usually written in small amounts on the weekly payment plan. Jones v. Prudential Ins. Co. of America, 173 Mo. App. 1, 155 S. W. 1106, 1107.
Debt - Black's 3rd
A sum of money due by certain and express agreement; as by bond for a determinate sum, a bill or note, a special bargain, or a rent reserved on a lease, where the amount is fixed and specific, and does not depend upon any subsequent valuation to settle it. (Cites omitted.)
* * *
A sum of money arising upon a contract, express or implied. (Cites omitted.)
* * *
A fixed and certain obligation to pay money or some other valuable thing or things, either in the present or in the future. (Cites omitted.)
In a still more general sense, that which is due from one person to another, whether money, goods, or services. (Cites omitted.)
* * * [Much omitted.]
Jura In Re - Black's 3rd
In the civil law. Rights in a thing; rights which, being separated from the dominium, or right of property, exist independently of it, and are enjoyed by some other person than him who has the dominium. Mackeld. Rom. Law, § 237.
Dominium - Black's 3rd
In the civil and old English law. Ownership; property in the largest sense, including both the right of property and the right of possession or use.
The mere right of property, as distinguished from the possession or usufruct. Dig 41, 2, 17, 1; Calvin. The right which a lord had in the fee of his tenant. In this sense the word is very clearly distinguished by Bracton from dominicum.
The estate of a feoffee to uses. "The feoffees to use shall have the dominium, and the cestui que use the disposition." Latch 137.
Sovereignty or dominion. Dominium maris, the sovereignty of the sea.
Servitude - Black's 3rd
The Condition of being Bound to Service
The state of a person who is subjected, voluntarily or otherwise, to another person as his servant. Shilling v. State, 143 Miss. 709, 109 So. 737, 739.
-Involuntary servitude. See Involuntary.
-Penal servitude. In English criminal law, a punishment which consists in keeping the offender in confinment and compelling him to labor.
A Charge or Burden
A charge or burben resting upon one estate for the benefit or advantage of another; a species of incorporal right derived fro m the civil law (see Servitus) and closely corresponding to the "easement" of the common-law, except that "servitude" rather has relation to the burden or the estate burdened, while "Easement" refers to the benfit or advantage or the estate to which it accrues. (Cites omitted.)
* * *
Right - * * *
Rem - ...
Adhere - ...
Theocratic Republic -
Domicile - Black's 3rd
That place where a man has his true, fixed, and permanent home and principal establishment, and to which whenever he is absent he has the intention of returning. (Cites omitted.)
* * *
Presumption - Black's 3rd
Of Fact
An inference affirmative or disaffirmative of the truth or falsehood of any proposition or fact drawn by a process of probable reasoning in the absence of actual certainty of its truth or falsehood, or until such certainty can be ascertained. Best, Pres. § 3.
* * *
Of Law
A rule of law that courts and judges shall draw a particular inference from a particular fact, or from particular evidence, unless and until the truth of such inference is disproved. (Cites omitted.)
A rule which, in certain cases, either forbids or dispenses with any ulterior inquiry. 1 Greenl. Ev. § 14.
* * *
Mixed
* * *
Distinction
* * *
Prescription - Black's 3rd
A direction of remedy or remedies for a disease and the manner of using them; a formula for the preparation of a drug and medicine. People v. Cohen, 94 Misc. 355, 157 N. Y. S. 591, 593; State v. Nicolay (Mo. App.) 184 S. W. 1183.
In Real Property Law
A mode of acquiring to incorporeal hereditaments by immemorial or long-continued enjoyment. (Cites omitted.)
To create an easement by "prescription," the use must have been open, continuous, exclusive, and under claim of right for statutory period. (Cites omitted.)
"Prescription" is the term usually applied to incorporeal hereditaments, while "adverse possession" is applied to lands. Hindley v. Metropolitan El. R. Co., 42 Misc. 56, 85 N. Y. S. 561.
In Louisiana, prescription is defined as a manner of acquiring the ownership of property, or discharging debts, by the effect of time, and under conditions regulated by law. Each of these prescriptions has its special and particular definition. The prescription by which the ownership of property is acquired, is a right by which a mere possessor acquires the ownership of a thing which he possesses by the continuance of his possession during the time fixed by law. The prescription by which debts are released, is a peremptory and perpetual bar to every species of action, real or personal, when the creditor has been silent for a certain time without urging his claim. Civ. Code La. arts. 3457-3459. In this sense of the term it is very nearly equivalent to what is elsewhere expressed by "limitation of actions," or rather, the "bar of the statute of limitations."
* * *
In General
--Corporations by prescription. In English law. Those which have existed beyond the memory of man, and therefore are looked upon in law to be well created, such as the city of London.
--Prescription act. The statute 2 & 3 Wm. IV. c. 71, passed to limit the period of prescription in certain cases.
--Prescription in a que estate. A claim of prescription based on the immemorial enjoyment of the right claimed, by the claimant and those former owners "whose estate" he has succeeded to and holds. See Donnell v. Clark, 19 Me. 182.
--Time of prescription. The length of time necessary to establish a right claimed by prescription or a title by prescription. Before the act of 2 & 3 Wm. IV. c. 71, the possession required to constitute a prescription must have existed "time out of mind" or "beyond the memory of man," that is, before the reign of Richard 1.; but the time of prescription, in certain cases, was much shortened by that act. 2 Steph. Comm. 35.
Establish - Black's 3rd
This word occurs frequently in the constitution of the United States, and it is there used in different meanings: (1) To settle firmly, to fix unalterably; as to establish justice, which is the avowed object of the constitution. (2) To make or form; as to establish a uniform rule of naturalization, and uniform laws on the subject of bankruptcies, which evidently does not mean that these laws shall be unalterably established as justice. (3) To found, to create, to regulate; as: "Congress shall have power to establish post-roads and post-offices." (4) To found, recognize, confirm, or admit; as: "Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion." (5) To create, to ratify, or confirm; as: "We, the people," etc., "do ordain and establish this constitution." 1 Story, Const. § 454. And see Dickey v. Turnpike Co., 7 Dana (Ky.) 125; Ware v. U. S., 4 Wall. 632, 18 L. Ed. 389; U. S. v. Smith, 4 N. J. Law, 33.
To settle or fix firmly; place on a permanent footing; found; create; put beyond doubt or dispute; prove; convince. Smith v. Forrest, 49 N. H. 230; State v. Board of Trust of Vanderbuilt University, 129 Tenn. 279, 164 S. W. 1151, 1170; Rowley v. Braly (Tex. Civ. App.) 286 S. W. 241, 245; (other cites omittred.)
Oath - Black's 3rd
An external pledge of asservation, made in verification of statements made or to be made, coupled with an appeal to a sacred or venerated object, in evidence of the serious and reverent state of mind of the party, or with an invocation to a supreme being to witness the words of the party and to visit him with punishment if they be false. (Cites omitted.)
A solemn appeal to the Supreme Being in attestation of the truth of some statement, and an outward pledge that one's testimony is given under an immediate sense of responsibility to God. State v. Jones, 28 Idaho, 428, 154 P. 378, 381; Tyler, Oaths 15.
In its braodest sense, the term is used to include all forms of attestation by which a party signifies that he is bound in conscience to perform the act faithfully and truly. In a more restricted sense, it excludes all those forms of attestation or promise which are not accompanied by imprecation.
* * *
See Kissing the Book.
* * *
Affirmation - Black's 3rd
In practice. A solemn and formal declaration or asservation that an affidavit is true, that the witness will tell the truth, etc., this being substituted for an oath in certain cases.
A solemn religious asservation in the nature of an oath. 1 Greenl. Ev. § 371.
Quakers, as a class, and other persons who have conscientious scruples against taking an oath, are allowed to make affirmation in any mode which they may declare to be binding upon their consciences, in confirmation of the truth of testimony which they are about to give. (Cites omitted.)
Subscribed
Sworn
Real Money
Coin, v. - Black's 3rd
To fashion pieces of metal into a prescribed shape, weight, and degree of fineness, and stamp them with prescribed devices, by authority of government, in order than they may circulate as money, (cites omitted,) or to invent words and phrases.
Coin, n. - Black's 3rd
Pieces of gold, silver, or other metal, fashioned into a prescribed shape, weight, and degree of fineness, and stamped, by authority of government, with certain marks and devices, and put into circulation as money at a fixed value, (cites omitted,) or any metal disc (cites omitted).
Strictly speaking, coin differs from money, as the species differs from the genus. Money is any matter, whether metal, paper, beads, shells, etc., which has currency as a medium in commerce. Coin is a particular species, always made of metal, and struck according to a certain process called "coinage." Wharton.
Discharge - Black's 3rd
To release; liberate; annul; unburden; disincumber.
* * * [ Many technical definitions omitted.]
Pay, v. - Black's 3rd
To discharge a debt; to deliver to a creditor the value of a debt, either in money or in goods, for his acceptance. (Cites omitted.)
The term, however, is sometimes limited to discharging an indebtedness by the use of money. (Cites omitted.)
Deposit - Black's 3rd
A naked bailment of goods to be kept for the depositor without reward, and to be returned when he shall require it. (Cites omitted.)
A bailment of goods to be kept by the bailee without reward, and delivered according to the object or purpose of the original trust. (Cites omitted.)
In general, an act by which a person receives the property of another, binding himself to preserve it and return it in kind. (Cites omitted.)
The delivery of chattels by one person to another to keep for the use of the bailor. (Cite omitted.)
* * *
Also, money lodged with a person as an earnest or security for the performance of some contract, to be forfeited if the depositor fails in his undertaking. It may be deemed to be part payment, and to that extent may constitute the purchaser the actual owner of the estate. Larson v. Metcalf, 201 Iowa, 1208, 207 N. W. 382, 384, 45 A. L. R. 344.
Depositum - Black's 3rd
Lat. In the civil law. One of the forms of the contract of bailment, being a naked bailment of goods to be kept for the use of the bailor without reward. (Cites omitted.)
One of the four real contracts specified by Justinian, and having the following characteristics: (1) The depositary or depositee is not liable for negligence, however extreme, but only for fraud, dolus; (2) the property remains in the depositor, the depositary having only the possession. Preearium and sequestre were two varieties of the depositum.
Presentment
Current
Tender
Authority
Date - Black's 3rd
The specification or mention, in a written instrument, of the time (day, month and year) when it was made. Also the time so specified. (Cites omitted.)
That part of a deed or writing which expresses the day of the month and year in which it was made or given. 2 Bl. Comm. 304; Tomlins.
* * *
Date of Birth - Words and Phrases???
Traffic
Sign
Signatory
Appear
Appearance
Other word definitions that seemed interesting at the time...
ADHERING. - Blacks' 3rd
Joining, leagued with, cleaving to; as, "adhering to the enemies of the United States."
Rebels, being citizens, are not "enemies," within the meaning of the constitution; hence a conviction for treason, in promoting a rebellion, cannot be sustained under that branch of the constitutional definition which speaks of "adhering to their enemies, giving them aid and comfort." United States v. Greathouse, 2 Abb. (U. S.) 364, Fed. Cas. No. 15,254.
AFFILE. - Black's 3rd
A term employed in old practice, signifying to put on file. 2 Maule & S. 202. In modern usage it is contracted to file.
NORMAL LAW. - Blacks 3rd
A term employed by modern writers on jurisprudence to denote the law as it affects persons who are in a normal condition; i.e., sui juris and sound in mind.
THEOCRACY. - Black's 3rd
Government of a state by the immediate direction of God, (or by the assumed direction of a supposititious divinity,) or the state thus governed.
TOKEN-MONEY. - Black's 3rd
A conventional medium of exchange consisting of pieces of metal, fashioned in the shape and size of coins, and circulated among private persons, by consent, at a certain value. No longer permitted or recognized as money. 2 Chit. Com. Law, 182.
Subject: Origin of the word "DEMOCRAT" (offensive to Democrats)
Editors Note: I suspect the below may be not accurate, but it makes a good story!]
Origin of the word "DEMOCRAT"
In the reign of Charles the first, king of England, a certain Frenchman brought a rat into London for a public show: he had learned this little animal to imitate almost every human action and gesture. As the Frenchman did not well understand the English language, he called his little imitative companion, "de mock rat," that is "the mimicking rat." About the same time, innumerable swarms of demagogues, made their appearance in London, preaching the doctrine of non-resistance and passive obedience. The populace, highly displeased with their doctrines and perceiving many gestures and pranks in these demagogues, which resembled the Frenchman's rat, called each one "de mock rat." The name was easily changed to "Democrat," and applied to every bawling demagogue, who preached the doctrines of non-resistance and passive obedience.
(Reprinted in The Supporter, published in Chillicothe, Ohio, December 29, 1808)