References

Original paper by Tod Shacklett, Music 006, Professor Borgo, 2 June 1998, UC Riverside

1. Alan Lomax, American Folk Song and Folk Lore (St. Clair Shores, MI: Scholarly Press, Inc., 1997) table of contents.

2. Richard Godbeer, "Voyagers to the West: The Peopling of Eighteenth Century British America," Lecture, History 170b, Revolutionary America. University of California, Riverside, CA, 14 April 1998.

3. Roger L. Ransom, Conflict and Compromise: The Political Economy of Slavery, Emancipation, and the American Civil War (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1989) 33, 57.

4. Lomax, American Folk Song I.

5. Jeff Todd Titon, general ed. Worlds of Music: An Introduction to the Music of the World's Peoples (New York: Schirmer Books, 1996) 145.

6. Eileen Southern, The Music of Black Americans: A History (New York: W. W. Norton and Company, Inc., 1971) 1.

7. Southern, Black Americans 33.

8. Southern, Black Americans 5.

9. Samuel A. Floyd, Jr., The Power of Black Music: Interpreting Its History from Africa to the United States (New York: Oxford University Press, 1995) 6.

10. Willi Apel, Harvard Dictionary of Music (Cambridge, MA: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 1977) 881.

11. Andrew L. Kaye, liner notes, Southern Journey: Ballads and Breakdowns: Songs from the Southern Mountains: Volume 2, CD, Rounder Records Corp. 1997.

12. Apel, Harvard 362 for the Near East origin. Spanish participation in the instrument's dissemination is the author's supposition.

13. Kaye, liner notes, Southern Journey: Volume 2

14. Southern, Black Americans 1, 66.

15. Andrew L. Kaye, liner notes, Southern Journey: Sheep, Sheep Don'tcha Know The Road: Southern Music, Sacred and Sinful: Volume 6, CD, Rounder Records Corp. 1997.

16. Kaye, liner notes, Southern Journey: Volume 2

17. Matthew Barton, liner notes, Southern Journey: Voices from the American South: Blues, ballads, hymns, reels, shouts, chanteys and work songs: Volume 1, CD, Rounder Records Corp. 1997.

18. Matthew Barton (adapted from the writing of Alan Lomax), liner notes, Southern Journey: Brethren, We Meet Again: Southern White Spirituals: Volume 4, CD, Rounder Records Corp. 1997.

19. Barton, liner notes, Southern Journey: Volume 4

20. Willie Lee Rose, Rehearsal For Reconstruction: The Port Royal Experiment (New York: Oxford University Press, 1964) 9.

21. Kaye, quoting Alan Lomax, liner notes, Southern Journey: Volume 6

22. Barton, liner notes, Southern Journey: Volume 4

23. In the Sacred Harp example, each beat seems to have an equal emphasis.

24. Barton, liner notes, Southern Journey: Volume 4

25. Kaye, liner notes, Southern Journey: Volume 6

26. It could be argued that Watson's slick and easy version of 12 bar blues lacks the hard-edged character that gives You Got Dimples in Your Jaws its power.