From a USOC Talk on the topic, the summary...
1. Hard, dedicated, focused work and commitment.
2. Early, consistent instruction.
3. Maximum support = affirm, acknowledge, teach.
4. Focused training with deliberate practices (e.g. making the
training activities "elite" oriented.
5. Focused opportunities = design individual's life to optimize being engaged
in deliberate practice and finding "growth" experiences.
6. Long period of active, focused learning where skills are refined
and improved.
7. Structured learning and effortful adaptation (to new learnings).
8. Restructure former top performance(s) and acquire new methods and skills
(doing it better).
9. Present the individual with problems and situations to help them:
+Perceive and encode the problem/situation
+systematically cue pertinent knowledge
+select and execute an action/series of actions rapidly
10. Specialize and engage in the activity full time.
Referenced: Ericsson, K. Anders & Charness, Neil, _Expert Performance, Its
Structure and Acquisition_, American Psychologist, 1994, pp. 725-747.
(108 references)
John Kessel
USA Volleyball Director of Programs
FIVB Technical Commission Secretary
1 Olympic Plaza, Colorado Spgs, CO 80909
FAX (719) 597-6307 / ((719) 637-8300W
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