The work is for narrator, alto and tenor soli, four-part mixed chorus, flute, alto flute in G, 2 oboes, clarinet in Bb, bass clarinet in Bb, 2 bassoons, 4 horns, three trumpets in Bb, 3 trombones, tuba, 3 tam-tams, piano, harp, and strings.
The work is twelve-tone, and in it Stravinsky employs set rotation, verticals, and diagonals (like he will in Requiem Canticles). The row itself contains much symmetry, employing [0,1,4] in the first, second and final trichord and [0,1,2,4] as the last set of each hexachord:
| Eb | E | C | D | Db | Bb | B | F# | G | A | Ab | F |
The formal construction is symmetrical:
In Present Perspectives (259), Craft claims the text was chosen by him.
The row is given in its prime form in the violins and alto flute at the beginning of the work. In places marked with an asterisk (*) Stravinsky adjusts the text from Hebrews from the original King James: "Faith is the substance of things hoped for, the evidence of things not seen."
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(Romans 8:24) We are saved by hope, but hope that is seen is not hope for what a man sees why does he yet hope for?
(Hebrews 11:1) The substance of things hoped for, the evidence of things not seen is faith.* (Galatians 12:29) And our Lord is a consuming fire. (Romans 8:25) If we hope for what we see not, then do we with patience wait for it? (Hebrews 11:1) The substance of things hoped for, the evidence of things not seen is faith.* (Galatians 12:29) And our Lord is a consuming fire. |
The chorus is tacit during the central and most extensive movement. Words in curvy brackets {}are performed simultaneously by narrator and soloist. Tenor always sings what Stephen speaks until the last line.
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N: (6:2a) Then the twelve called the multitude of the disciples unto them and said: [Fugue represenataive of dispute enters with row on tonic and dominant.]
N: (6:9a,c) Then there arose certain of the synagogue, disputing with Stephen. (6:10) And they were not able to resist the wisdom and the spirit by which he spake. (6:11) Then they suborned men, which said, we have heard him speak blasphemous words against Moses, and against God. (6:12) And they stirred up the people, and the elders, and the scribes, and came upon him, and brought him to the council. [Soloists sing the following together, at times one or the other drops out symbolizing chaotic fury or rage.]
T&A: (7:57) Then they cried out with a loud voice, and ran upon him with one accord (7:58) and cast him out of the city, and stoned him: |
Dekkar was an English playwright (1570-1641). This movement is in memory of the Reverend James McLane (d.1960), an Episcopalian minister and Stravinsky's friend.
The loudest dynamic in the final movement is mezzo-forte.
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Oh My God, if it Bee Thy Pleasure to cut me off before night, Yet make me, My Gratious Sheepherd, for one of Thy Lambs to whom Thou Wilt Say, "Come You Blessed," and cloth me in a white robe of righteousness that I may be one of those singers who shall cry to Thee Allelluia. |