This simulator depends on equations which are based on the fundamental laws of Physics, of Chemistry, and of Rock Mechanics.  It calculates the profile of the displacement of the rock mass at a given time after initiation; for a given bench blast procedure, the movement of the rock mass is simulated and displayed graphically at the face and inside the bench, at a time such as say 300 msec. after initiation.  On the graph are also shown the values of the average velocity of the rock mass movement, of the velocity of displacement at the back of the bench at the grade level, and of the velocity of displacement at the front of the bench at the grade level; the numerical data can also be printed.  When doing a simulation blast study, this subroutine is a most useful tool to evaluate and improve the mucking, as well as to address the aspect of horizontal dilution.  Experience shows that, once blocks, toe, etc are under control, producing loose muck is by far what a mine or quarry needs most for efficient operation.