Copper and Collagen 


Collagen is a major constituent of connective tissue, skin, cartilage, tendon and bone. It comprises approximately 30% of all the protein in the human body. Collagen proteins are fibrous (linear, or branched) and they are responsible for the "toughness" of tissues. Without collagen, tissue would have the consistency of Jell-O.

Collagen synthesis is complicated.  Collagen is initially made as a preprocollagen, which is transported and converted to procollagen, which is then hydroxylated, glycosylated, wound into a helix and transported again, after which it is clipped into collagen molecules, assembled into collagen fibers and cross-linked into final form.  Fulvic acid and selenium deficiency interfere with this systhesis  and cause their own form of arthritis.

The hydroxylation of collagen is dependent on vitamin C, which also serves as an antioxidant.  Also, the final crosslinking of collagen depends on the enzyme lysyl oxidase, which uses copper as a cofactor.  Copper is also a component of the over-expressed superoxide dismutase.  Steven Fowkes' Cognitive Enhancement Research Institute - mineral copper collagen and SOD co-factor.

last update August 21, 1998

back to table of contents