By WM. F. KUHN, P.G.G.H.P.

Published by the Educational Bureau General Grand Chapter, R.A.M. International.

P.O. Box 55270, Lexington, KY 4O555

Presented By The Onslow York Rite Masons

P.O. Box 427

Jacksonville, NC 28541-0427

Bobby J. Kitchen, KYCH

Secretary

The Necessity of the Royal Arch

Degree to the Master Mason

The system of Masonic degrees, as now practiced, is the product of an evolution. Prior to 1717 there is no record that Freemasonry consisted of more than one degree. The symbolism, the beautiful lecture, the ornate diction, with which we find it clothed today, represents the growth and development from the crude and transition stage of past centuries. Strictly speaking. There was no degree from the dawn of Freemasonry until it began to take on the speculative feature. Before the speculative era, the initiate or apprentice was sworn on "the buke" to observe certain charges, now known as the "Ancient Charges and Regulations." This constituted the entire ceremony, with perhaps the recital of the various legends of the Craft, portions of which are retained to this day.

The Mason, prior to the "Revival" of 1717, was designated as an Apprentice, Fellowcraft, or Master, not because of any special ceremony or degree work, but because of the length of time of service and skill manifested in his handicraft. The Ancient Charges and Regulations, as read to the apprentices, referred to the duties they owed to each other, to the lodge and the Holy Church. It is even doubted by some of our best Masonic historians that grip and pass word were connected with these ancient ceremonies.

Ancient Craft Masonry, from its earliest legendary history (625 A.D.) down to 1740, made no pretensions to philosophical speculations. No latter-day wise men existed to convert the simple tools of the operative craftsman into a philosophical fog bank. Near the middle of the eighteenth century other than mere operatives were admitted into the guilds or lodges, and men were elected to preside over the brethren who were not skilled in the implements of the Craft. The introduction of the speculative Mason prepared the way for the dawn of Freemasonry. The so-called "Revival" of 1717 was but the bursting forth of the evolutionary forces that had been slowly developing for half a century. These same forces are at work today, so that it can truly be said that Freemasonry is a progressive science. Masonic historians are agreed that some time between 1723 and 1730 the Second and Third degrees were evolved, and in the evolution of degrees, ritualism and symbolism were developed, resulting in intellectual and philosophical Freemasonry of today.

The central idea of the entire system of Freemasonry became the "loss" and the "recovery" of the "Word," symbolizing death and the resurrection, the ending of the present and the beginning of the future life. The student of Freemasonry must admit that "The Word" is the central point around which the entire system of Masonic symbolism must revolve. "Its possession is the consummation of all Masonic knowledge; when lost its recovery is the soul’s object of symbolic labor." Mackey says: "No event in the history of Speculative Freemasonry had so important an influence upon its development as a system of symbolism as the invention of the Royal Arch Degree and its introduction into the Masonic Ritual."

The Royal Arch stands as the rainbow of promise of the resurrection; of that which was lost and that which shall be recovered. The question arises as to whether the Master’s Word was originally communicated in the Third Degree. On this point there is some diversity of opinion. In our present ritual of the Third Degree the Master’s Word is lost. Dr. Oliver, a noted Masonic historian, says: "The True Word was never lost but transferred to the Royal Arch," and in corroboration of this statement further says: "I have before me an old French engraving of the Ground Work of the Master’s Lodge, dated in 1740, containing the usual emblems, and on the coffin is the "True Word in Roman capitals."

Brother Newton R. Parvin, Grand Secretary and Librarian of the Grand Lodge of Iowa, in a letter to the writer, says, "We have in the library an old ritual manuscript of 1740, which was stated to be used by the brethren of Ben Johnson, Head Lodge, No. 3114. The original manuscript belonged to George Oliver, and it includes in the Third Degree the Master’s Word. This makes about sixty pages of closely written matter. It begins with a long historical introduction. Many points are quite similar to our present methods. The language is very simple and impressive." This would tend to prove that before the legend of Hiram Abif was introduced into the Master’s Degree the True Word was communicated in the Master’s Degree and not a substitute Word. It necessarily followed that when the legend of Hiram became a part of the ritual of this degree the "loss" of the "Word" followed, as the "loss" is a part of the Hiramic legend. But the "loss" without a "recovery" would be an absurdity; to complete the symbolism of Freemasonry, the "Word" must be recovered, hence the necessity for a Fourth Degree, the Royal Arch.

In 1738, or earlier, the story of the loss of the Word and the new legend, the Royal Arch, were gradually introduced into the lodges, and when the Freemasonry of England was divided into the "Moderns" and "Ancients" (in 1751), the latter organizing a Grand Lodge and adopting a ritual of four degrees, the fourth being the Royal Arch.

The Grand Lodge of "Moderns evidently continued to use the old ritual, without the legend of Hiram Abif, while the Grand Lodge of "Ancients" used the new ritual containing the Hiramic legend and the Fourth Degree, until the year 1813, when the two Grand Lodges united and formed the present Grand Lodge of England. It is therefore to the Grand Lodge of Ancients that we owe the Master’s degree as found in our ritual and also the preservation of the Royal Arch Degree. One of the Articles of Union of the two Grand Lodges of England in 1813 was the retention of the degrees as formulated by the Grand Lodge of "Ancients"; hence, among the articles of agreement of this union we find the only declaration made anywhere or at any time as to what constitutes "Ancient Craft Masonry." This article declares that "Ancient Craft Masonry shall consist of the degrees of Entered Apprentice, Fellowcraft and Master Mason, together with the Holy Royal Arch."

We see, therefore, that the Royal Arch is merely the evolution of a truth contained in the early Third Degree. It is not a "Higher Degree," but the last volume of the series in a sublime story revealed through symbolism. The Master’s Degree without the Royal Arch is a story half told, a song half sung and a promise unfulfilled. The candidate is promised that he should receive, but is put off with a "substitute." He is left in darkness, in doubt, and to the thoughtful one, in a condition of disappointment. Yet, there is a purpose behind this seeming deception. Light and revealed Truth come only through toil and willing service. This lesson must be learned before any Mason is qualified to know and appreciate the Truth, the Master’s Word. it is, possibly, unfortunate that the Royal Arch Degree was separated from the "Blue Degrees"; but fortunate or unfortunate, the Royal Arch stands as the last of the degrees in Ancient Craft Masonry. It is the Summit, and no Master Mason is in possession of all that Freemasonry teaches without the Royal Arch. The series of four degrees continued to be conferred under a lodge charter until about 1750, in America at least. The earliest history that we have of the Royal Arch in this country was in 1753, when it was conferred under a lodge charter in Fredericksburg, Va. It was introduced into New York about the same time by an English military lodge, and into Massachusetts in 1769, where it was conferred in St. Andrew’s Lodge.

Since that time the Royal Arch Degree has remained secure in its superior place. The term "Royal. Arch Lodge" was succeeded by "Chapter" and "Royal Arch Chapter." The word "Chapter" was used in Connecticut as early as September 5, 1783; in Pennsylvania, September 5, 1789; in New York, April 29, 1791; in Massachusetts, December 19, 1794. The word "Chapter" took the place of "Lodge" in England for the first time, April 29, 1768. The word "Companion," used in the Chapter in place of "Brother," was first used in England in 1778. These terms, Chapter and Companion, were soon carried to America, where they flourished as elements in the Capitular system of degrees.

Such, in brief, is the history of the Royal Arch Degree; its parentage is as legitimate as any of the degrees of Ancient Craft Masonry; it sprang from the introduction of Speculative Freemasonry into Operative Masonry, the fruit of symbolism and allegory. To be a Master Mason is the highest and most honorable degree that any man can attain; it entitles him to all the rights and privileges of the Craft; all the accumulated so-called higher degrees do not add anything to his Masonic stature. The Royal Arch is a part of the Master’s Degree the summit of its excellency. It is the privilege and should be the duty of Master Masons to complete the Masonic story, told in allegory and revealed in symbolism, by receiving the Royal Arch.

Would you be enrolled as one living in that future generation that shall discover IT?