HAM Surname DNA Project
Research
through Genetics
HAM DNA Group # 4
Y-SEARCH Study for the HAM Surname DNA Project
This Group has been tested as I1b
GOAL: To determine the possible ancestral origins for the HAM DNA Group # 4.
Date: December 9, 2007
GOAL: Perform a Y-Search in order to determine the possible ancestral origins for the HAM DNA Group # 4.
PROCEDURE
There have not been enough
participants in Group #4 for an Ancestral procedure, so a simple
Y-Search study has been performed here.
Step 1: Search the Y-SEARCH Database (www.ysearch.org) for matches to this "HAM DNA AGroup # 4" Haplotype:
The results:
Group #4 Y-Search DNA Distribution (matches) throughout Europe
Group #4 matches in England
Group #4 matches in Ireland
Group #4 matches in Scotland
Group #4 matches in Germany
GOAL:
To determine the possible ancestral origins for the HAM DNA Group #4.
PROCEDURE:
5) Search the Y-Search database for matches to the ancestral haplotype.
- From this search, report out the percentage matches that do NOT exist
in the US.
These results could then be used to provide some guidance for locating ancestors in future research.
Step 1:
Search the YSEARCH Database (www.ysearch.org) for matches to this "HAM DNA Group 4" Haplotype:
47412 Richard HAM (Est 1660 England - BEF 1726 VA) I1b
13 23
15 11 12
14 11 13
13 12 11
29 18 10
10 11 11
25 15 21
29 11 16
16 17
In effect, we are looking for the location to match this Group # 4 to the immigrant ancestor across the Atlantic.
Matching entered genetic markers on at least 15 markers, allowing
a genetic distance of 1 per marker matched above 10.
I am looking for about 1500 matches, in an effort to improve the statistics. The search returned about 1000 matches.
This Y-Search on the "Ancestral" Haplotype, and got a search
that yielded 1025 matches, using this search:
http://www.ysearch.org/search_results.asp?uid=&freeentry=true&L1=13&L2=23&L3=15&L4=0&L5=11&L6=12&L7=14&L8=11&L9=13&L10=13&L11=12&L12=11&L13=29&L14=18&L15=10&L16=10&L17=11&L18=11&L19=25&L20=15&L21=21&L22=29&L23=11&L24=16&L25=16&L26=17&L27=0&L28=0&L29=0&L30=0&L31=0&L32=0&L33=0&L34=0&L35=0&L36=0&L37=0&L38=0&L39=0&L40=0&L41=0&L54=0&L55=0&L56=0&L57=0&L58=0&L59=0&L60=0&L61=0&L62=0&L63=0&L42=0&L64=0&L65=0&L66=0&L67=0&L68=0&L69=0&L70=0&L71=0&L49=0&L72=0&L73=0&L51=0&L74=0&L75=0&L76=0&L77=0&L78=0&L79=0&L80=0&L43=0&L44=0&L45=0&L46=0&L47=0&L48=0&L50=0&L52=0&L53=0&L81=0&L82=0&L83=0&L84=0&L85=0&L86=0&L87=0&L88=0&L89=0&L90=0&L91=0&L92=0&L93=0&L94=0&L95=0&L96=0&L97=0&L98=0&L99=0&L100=0&min_markers=15&mismatches_max=6&mismatch_type=sliding&mismatches_sliding_starting_marker=10&haplo=®ion=
I then searched through these matches for all of the "known" and NON-USA
matches, and tallied up the totals (494 were non-USA), then worked out
percentages of where this "Ancestral" Haplotype should be found in the
world.
The results:
Group #4 Ancestral DNA Distribution (matches) throughout Europe
1025 matches obtained.
494 returned a Country other than the US or "unknown"
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
England 197 39.9 %
Ireland
80 16.2 %
Scotland 79 16.2 %
Germany 43 8.8 %
France 18 3.7 %
Wales
18 3.7 %
Switzerland
11 2.2 %
Poland
8
1.6 %
Netherlands 8 1.6 %
Bahamas 4 0.8 %
Canada
4 0.8 %
Mexico
4
0.8 %
Spain
3
0.6 %
Ukraine
3
0.6 %
Norway
2
0.4 %
---------
643
OTHER (less than 0.5 % each): 8
Belarus 1
Czech 1
Israel 1
Russia 1
Serbia 1
Sicily 1
Sweden 1
Turkey 1
Presuming that we
could determine something from these totals, I would guess that this
group should be found mostly in England, with smaller portions from
Ireland and Scotland. It would appear that they should be twice as
likely to be from England than from either Ireland or Scotland, and
over 4 times as likely to be from England than from Germany.
The problem that I
am observing is the Genetic Distance, which appears to be larger than I
would have wanted it to be. (Given the current search options from YSearch, I did not permit more than one mutation
per marker, in an attempt to obtain some meaningful results. ) It
has occurred to me that the search may have to be repeated or corrected.
Therefore, I did
repeat the search (original search was in January, 2007) with a return
of 1916 matches, which gave about the same percentages. However, the
January search was of lower quality, only searching for matches on 8
markers. Although the general percentages remained the same, but the
specific percentages changed somewhat (for specific locations).
Today, the Y-Search database is reflecting improved data from an
increase in the number of participants.
Very similar results as Group #2 ( R1b1c ), until the list falls below England, Ireland, Scotland, and Germany.
At the moment, we
have no participants in Group 4 that can indicate the immigrant
ancestor with any certainty, but he is presumed to have immigrated from
England, since Virginia was a colony of England.
More differences from Group #4 appear when the distribution is listed within each country (below).
It is interesting that for these countries, many give city or county
locations. It is almost as if I could see how many locations are in
common for the majority matching in England, Ireland, or Scotland, for
example.
ENGLAND:
From the totals
that I have for England, and without going to very much trouble of
attempting to determine the name of the County for the cities, I get a
rough account of the results that look something like this:
County Worcester (or Worcestershire) 12 (Not applicable, as all from Worcestershire indicated haplotype R1b1c, as opposed to I1b.)
Kent
8
Suffolk
7
London 5
Yorkshire 4
Cornwall 4
others (less than 4 each): 18
Of those that matched Worcestershire, these were matches to the R1b1c haplotype, similar to our HAM DNA Group # 2. The HAM DNA Group # 4 here is tested out as I1b.
So, I did not exclude other indicated haplotypes (R1a, R1b3, etc.) from
this particular search. This indicates to me that this search
will need to be refreshed as the data becomes available.
It is
apparent
that from the locations in England, the most likely locations of origin
should be closely matched by Kent, followed next by Suffolk,
London, Yorkshire, Cornwall, and so on. Group #4 appears to
be distributed widely in England among at least the top 5
locations.
You can find a map of English Shires from the 10th century at:
http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/historical/shepherd_1911/shepherd-c-060.jpg
IRELAND:
From the results
for Ireland, the obvious appears to be Northern Ireland. County
Cork and County Down having the largest totals.
The more significant totals as I have them:
Northern Ireland (9)
County Cork 6
County Down 6
Cavan 3
Ulster 3
Notice that the total matching for Northern Ireland match what we might expect from Worcestershire or Kent in England.
SCOTLAND:
The more significant totals as I have them for Scotland:
Dumfries 3
Inverness-shire 3
Glasgow, Lanarkshire 3
Midlothian 3
Edinburgh, Midlothian 3
Perthshire 3
Aberdeen 2
Isle of Mull, Argyllshire 2
Shetland Isles 2
GERMANY
Hesse/Hessen 5
Schlochau, WPR 3
Baden
2
- Dave Hamm Dec 9th, 2007