|
Disease/vaccine |
Foals/weanlings |
Yearlings |
Performance Horses |
Pleasure Horses |
Broodmares |
Comments |
|
Tetanus toxoid
(Note: Tetanus Anti-toxin, often given at birth, does not invoke
long term immunity in foals.) |
From nonvaccinated mare: First dose: 3 to 4 months Second dose: 4 to 5 months
From vaccinated mare: First dose: 6 months Second dose: 7 months Third dose: 8
to 9 months |
Annual |
Annual |
Annual |
Annual, 4 to 6 weeks prepartum |
Booster at time of penetrating injury or surgery if last dose not administered
within 6 months |
|
Encephalomyelitis
(EEE, WEE, VEE) |
EEE: (in high-risk areas) First dose: 3 to 4 months Second dose: 4 to 5 months
Third dose: 8 to 9 months
WEE, EEE (in low-risk areas) and VEE: From nonvaccinated mare: First dose: 3 to
4 months Second dose: 4 to 5 months Third dose: 5 to 6 months
From vaccinated mare: First dose: 6 months Second dose: 7 months Third dose:
8 months |
Annual, spring
Annual, spring |
Annual, spring
Annual, spring |
Annual, spring
Annual, spring |
Annual, 4 to 6 weeks prepartum
Annual, 4 to 6 weeks prepartum |
In endemic areas booster EEE and WEE every 6 months; VEE only needed when threat
of exposure; VEE may only be available as a combination vaccine with EEE and WEE. |
|
Influenza |
Inactivated injectable: From nonvaccinated mare: First dose: 6 months Second dose:
7 months Third dose: 8 months Then at 3-month intervals
From vaccinated mare: First dose: 9 months Second dose: 10 months Third dose:
11 to 12 months Then at 3-month intervals |
Every 3 to 4 months |
Every 3 to 4 months |
Annual with added boosters prior to likely exposure |
At least semiannual, with 1 booster 4 to 6 weeks prepartum |
A series of at least 3 doses is recommended for primary immunization of foals. |
|
Rhinopneumonitis
(EHV-1 and EHV-4) |
First dose: 4 to 6 months
Second dose: 5 to 7 months
Third dose: 6 to 8
months
Then at 3-month intervals
|
Every 3 to 4 months
|
Optional: semiannual if elected
|
Annual with added boosters prior to likely exposure
|
Fifth, seventh, ninth month of gestation (inactivated EHV-1 vaccine);
optional
dose at third month of gestation.
|
Vaccination of mares before breeding and 4
to 6 weeks prepartum is suggested.
Breeding stallions should be
vaccinated before
the breeding season and semiannually |
|
Strangles |
Injectable: First dose: 4 to 6 months Second dose: 5 to 7 months Third dose: 7
to 8 months (depending on the product used) Fourth dose: 12 months
|
Semi-
annual |
Optional: semi-annual if risk is high |
Optional: semi-annual if risk is high |
Semi-annual with 1 dose of inactivated M-protein vaccine 4 to 6 weeks prepartum |
Vaccines containing M-protein extract may be less reactive than whole-cell vaccines.
Use when endemic conditions exist or risk is high. |
|
Rabies |
Foals born to non-vaccinated mares: First dose: 3 to 4 months Second dose: 12
months
Foals born to vaccinated mares: First dose: 6 months Second dose 7 months
Third dose: 12 months |
Annual |
Annual |
Annual |
Annual, before breeding |
Vaccination recommended in endemic areas. Do not use modified-live-virus vaccines
in horses. |
|
Potomac Horse Fever |
First dose: 5 to 6 months Second dose: 6 to 7 months |
Semi-annual |
Semi-annual |
Semi-annual |
Semi-annual with 1 dose 4 to 6 weeks prepartum |
Booster during May to June in endemic areas. |
|
Botulism |
Foal from vaccinated mare: 3 dose series of toxoid at 30-day intervals starting
at 2 to 3 months-of-age
Foal from non-vaccinated mare: see comments |
Not applicable |
Not applicable |
Not applicable |
Mares should be vaccinated at eight, nine, and 10 months gestation. |
Only in endemic areas. A third dose administered 4 to 6 weeks after the second
dose may improve the response of foals to primary immunization.
Foal from non-vaccinated mare may benefit from: 10 toxoid at 2,4 and 8 weeks-of-age;
2) transfusion of plasma from vaccinated horse; or 3) antitoxin. Efficacy needs further study. |
|
Equine Viral Arteritis |
Intact colts intended to be breeding stallions: One dose at 6 to 12 months-of-age |
Annual for colts intended to be breeding stallions |
Annual for colts intended to be breeding stallions |
Annual for colts intended to be breeding stallions |
Annual for seronegative, open mares before breeding to carrier stallions; isolate
mares for 21 days after breeding to carrier stallion |
Annual for breeding stallions
and teasers, 28 days before start of breeding season; virus may be shed in semen for up to 21 days. Vaccinated mares do not
develop clinical signs even though they become transiently infected and may shed virus for a short time. |
|
Rotavirus A |
Little value to vaccinate foal because insufficient time to develop antibodies
to protect during susceptible age |
Not applicable |
Not applicable |
Not applicable |
Vaccinate mares at 8, 9 and 10 months of gestation, each pregnancy. Passive transfer
of colostral antibodies aid in prevention of rotaviral diarrhea in foals. |
Check concentrations of immunoglobulins in foal to be assured that there is no
failure of passive transfer. |
| West Nile Virus |
|
Annual, spring
|
Annual, spring |
Annual, spring |
|
Initial dose followed by a second dose in 3-6 weeks with semi-annual or annual boosters.
A third initial dose is ONLY needed if the second booster dose was given after the 6 week period following the first
dose. This dose should also be given in the 3-6 weeks period.
Have vaccine series completed
at least one month prior to the mosquito
season |
| EPM |
|
Annual, spring |
Annual, spring |
Annual, spring |
|
Initial dose followed
by a second dose in 3-6 weeks with semi-annual or annual boosters. |
