The Clinchfield Railroad (CRR) was an operating and holding company for the Carolina, Clinchfield and Ohio Railway.

The line ran from the coalfields of Virginia and Elkhorn City (KY), to the textile mills of South Carolina, including a 35 mile segment from Dante (VA) to Elkhorn City, forming a connection with the Chesapeake & Ohio Railway (completed in 1915).

The Clinchfield was the last Class I railroad built in the U.S. east of the Rocky Mountains.

The 266 mile railroad provided access to numerous scenic wonders within the Appalachian region and is best known for the modern engineering techniques applied during construction, as witnessed by the "Clinchfield Loops" climbing the Blue Ridge Mountains north of Marion (NC).