Sources
CHAPTER 1
More detail on the Los Angeles and Oakland
homicide increase in 2002 can be found at, Males M. (2002, 15 Dec.), “Forget
the 'Youth Menace': Crime, It Turns Out, Is a Grown-Up Business,” Los Angeles Tiimes, Sunday Opinion; (2002,
Nov. 27) “Oakland murders not ‘youth violence’,” San Francisco Chronicle, p A25.
California crime figures are from Criminal
Justice Statistics Center, Crime &
Delinquency in California, 1970-2002, and its supplement, California
Criminal Justice Profiles, 1977-2002 (annual).Sacramento: California Department
of Justice.
Orange and Los Angeles County crime figures are
from Criminal Justice Statistics Center, California
Criminal Justice Profiles, Orange County, Los Angeles County, 1978-2002
(annual). Sacramento: California Department of Justice.
For more extensive discussion of Orange County
youth crime and gang issues, see Males, M. (1999, May 6). “Down these mean
equestrian trails.” Orange County Weekly (http://www.ocweekly.com).
School violence, media depiction, and polling
data are from Donohue E, Shiraldi V, Ziedenberg J (1998). Schoolhouse Hype: School Shootings and the Real Risks Kids Face in
America. Washington DC: Justice Policy Institute.
Information on Proposition 21 can be found in
Jones B, Voter Information Guide,
March 7, 2000, Primary Election. Sacramento: California Secretary of State.
National youth crime statements are from Office
of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention (2000). Juvenile Offenders and Victims, 1999 National Update. Washington
DC: U.S. Department of Justice.
CHAPTER
2
National
crime and victimization data are from :
Federal Bureau of Investigation (1970-2002). Uniform Crime Reports for the United States.
Washington DC: U.S. Department of Justice.
Bureau of Justice Statistics (1973-2002). Criminal Victimization in the United States.
Washington DC: U.S. Department of Justice.
Bureau of Justice Statistics (1973-2002). Sourcebook of Criminal Justice Statistics.
Washington DC: U.S. Department of Justice.
California crime data and Proposition 21
information: see Chapter 1.
Drug
abuse data are from:
National Center for Health Statistics
(1968-2001). Vital Statistics of the
United States, Part I, Mortality (annual report), and U.S. Mortality Detail
File (electronic data file). Washington DC: U.S. Department of Health and Human
Services.
Drug Abuse Warning Network (1980-2002). Annual Emergency Department Data, and Annual Medical Examiner Data.
Washington, DC: Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, U.S.
Department of Health and Human Services.
National Institute on Drug Abuse (1975-2002). National Household Survey on Drug Abuse.
Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.
Johnston L et al (1975-2003). Monitoring the Future. Ann Arbor MI:
Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan.
Center for Health Statistics (1965-2002). Vital Statistics of California (annual
report), and Microcomputer Injury Surveillance System (electronic data file). Sacramento:
California Department of Health Services.
Drug
Abuse Warning Network (December 2000). Club
Drugs: The DAWN Report. Hyattsville, MD: Substance Abuse and Mental Health
Services Administration, at http://www.samhsa.gov/oas/clubdrug.pdf
CHAPTER 3
National Campaign to Prevent Youth Violence
information can be found at http://www.youthviolence.org.
National School Safety Center (2004)
information, including the School-Associated
Violent Deaths report, can be found at http://www.nssc1.org.
A list of multiple shootings in the United
States in 1999 is maintained and updated by the Coalition to Stop Gun Violence,
at http://www.gunfree.org.
Children’s Defense Fund information can be
found at http://www.childrensdefense.org.
Gun-death data for the United States and
California: see vital statistics sources for drug deaths, Chapter 2.
CHAPTER
4
History of the juvenile court and prevention
efforts can be found in Lundman, RJ (2001). Prevention
and Control of Juvenile Delinquency, Oxford Press.
Juvenile justice system changes, juvenile
sentencing, and evaluations of adult-court sentencing can be found in Office of
Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention (2000), op cit.
Crime and gun death figures: see sources cited
in Chapter 2.
Information on video game sales and playing is
taken from Bureau of the Census, Statistical
Abstract of the United States, 2001. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of
Commerce.
Bill Strauss and Neil Howe’s comments are from 13th Gen: Abort, Retry, Ignore, Fail? New
York: Vintage Books, 1993. See also (2000). Millennials
Rising: The Next Great Generation. New York: Vintage Books.
The Colorado Trust controversy is detailed in
Krajicek DJ, “Anti-gun youth programs shoot blanks, funders seek new tactics.” Youth Today, July/August 2000.
The Santa Cruz cops-in-schools story is
detailed in the Santa Cruz Sentinel,
June 14 and 15, 2000; local crime figures are from the Criminal Justice
Statistics Center, California Criminal
Justice Profiles, Santa Cruz County, 1990-2002 (annual), Sacramento: California
Department of Justice; for county drug and other deaths, see California sources
cited in Chapter 2.
Carnegie Corporation on Adolescent
Development’s comment is from its 1995 report, Great Transitions: Preparing Adolescents for a New Century. New
York: Carnegie Corporation.
Males, M. (2000, September). “Vernon,
Connecticut’s, juvenile curfew: The situations of youths cited and effects on
crime.” Criminal Justice Policy Review,
11:3, 254-267.
CHAPTER
5
For more on biological determinism argument,
see Males M. (2002, Feb. 17 ). “The latest assault on teens: It’s their
brains.” Los Angeles Times, Sunday Opinion.
Elliot Aronson’s interview was broadcast on
“Talkabout,” KZSC-FM, May 10, 2000.
Grisso T et al (2003). Juvenile
competence to stand trial: a comparison of adolescents’ and adults’
capabilities as trial defendants. Law & Human
Behavior, in press. MacArthur Foundation.
School profiling is discussed in “Anti-violence
programs raise questions.” ABC News,
August 24, 2000 ().
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