On the Shoulders of Scientific Ancient Philosophers

Most humans usually get acquainted with their surroundings, accept them as facts and declare them as part of their total realization and understanding of the physical ‘out there’ reality.  They conclude that it is exactly as part of their universe’s–everything existence.  They test their authenticity of reality through measurements or touching, seeing, hearing, or sensing to assure accepting their true physical existence as facts and that much of it relate to macroscopic phenomena, but microscopic and cosmic phenomena that exist physically within their universe are harder to measure or sense.  Therefore, individuals might ask; why does the human mind have a great desire to understand beyond its need for survival, as explicitly the Eastern religions advocate?  On the other hand, why do few individuals have a great appetite for knowledge for its own sake; one finds as if they were driven to find strange physical laws with complicated mathematical formulas in trying to explain scientific knowledge in describing the physical ‘out there’ reality?  Louis De Broglie in, Matter and Light, summarized (p.48) it as follows: “Whenever the human mind has laboriously succeeded in deciphering one page of the Book of Nature, it has seen immediately how much greater must be the difficulty of deciphering the following page.  Yet a deep instinct forbids it to feel discouraged, and urges it towards a renewed effort to penetrate further and further in the knowledge of the harmonious of Nature.”

However, at times when a mirage appears in the desert, a flying saucer or disc in the sky, or two or three–dimensional images in the horizon, then whatever such individuals have had observed could not represent any physical part of the ‘out there’ reality; it represents a false observation.  Extending and stretching the argument a little further in asking, what would humans consider the ‘out there’ physical reality to be composed of metrically, or to be more specific, what would the human himself to be composed of? Just few amino acids as Chemists state at his fundamental essence!  Then, what is the purpose of human, or his few amino acids in existence on this planet or anywhere else in the universe?  Most Holy Revelations answer; it is to worship Almighty God and most have specific ways and methods on how they do worship God.  But is it part of the human role entrenched within their existence involve sorting and separating between real and imaginary?  Who among humans have the ability to sort and separate real from imaginary?  Almost every human have such ability to sort real from imaginary; that is except those who have some type of mental illnesses. 

A human child, approximately at age three years does learn through his own experiences to differentiate between internal brain electric and external stimuli signals.  Recognition or Idrak a child obtains through learning to separate internal from external brain signals and one slowly disregards the internal stimuli after feeling safe within ones environment.  Humans who experienced true physical fear of death, such as one was born in a war zone, they might not disregard their imaginative friend because they provide them delusions of comfort or a well to survive.  However, one finds children between three and eighth years of age, in general, have imaginary friends; they keep these imaginary friends, which were part of their split and growing personalities to comfort and their protection sake.  Some children might have complete visual images of their imaginary friends while others might imagine various sounds without images.  Such imaginative images and sounds at times represent an internal personality schism from the child to assure one’s physical survival, or out of one’s desire to be loved and cared for.  Some children call them separate and different names, then by the age of eight or nine, if the child is mentally healthy then one recognizes and comprehends that imaginary friends are figments of one’s imagination, and slowly a mentally healthy child learns to ignore such internal electric stimuli signals.  After recognition takes hold in the child’s mind then he or she lives without such images and sounds, for one’s nervous system stops processing such internal electrical impulses from being materialized, and learns to deal only with external stimuli through responding to the external of the ‘out there’ physical phenomena signals only. 

The expulsion of Adam and Eve, may peace be upon them from Paradise forced humans to learn to survive on the face of this planet.  Ancient civilizations, with their elementary knowledge and primitive macroscopic measuring devices, learned how to deal with their environment through trial and error to assure their survival.  Mankind’s survival on this planet and beyond depends on the accumulation and passing scientific knowledge of their surroundings to their future generations in predicting the environmental phenomena actions, in general such as climate, earthquakes, flood time and location, … etc.  Humans have tried to predict such natural actions in the past: say by building the Great Pyramid to observe the arrival of the ‘dog star’ or actually the arrival of ‘spring’ in ancient Egypt.  During the present, for example, humans place satellites out of their planet’s atmosphere to observe the wind, moisture, pressure and temperature movement to be able to forecast the weather.  They through the present scientific era continue to fail to predict many types of their environmental phenomena actions such as: earthquakes, hurricanes, the eruption of volcanoes and many others. 

However, the knowledge of the universe, which God have had taught Adam, may peace be upon him is stored into his DNA, which is transferred and inherited by every human soul.  Contrary to Jung’s thought of collective unconscious, which supposedly claims the existence of an accessible pool to the human unconscious mind.  Science found that when a human mind is pressed to its limit capacity, and a true fear of death becomes prominent, the human mind finds itself able to access and supplement from one’s DNA information, some of which one never knew consciously.  Such knowledge many humans call psychic, telepathic, paranormal, scientists use the word priori but it is mainly intuitive knowledge.  The ancient people of Egypt, Mesopotamia, Greece and many other societies relied on a thing called magic; most of their era magic was then based on their primitive scientific knowledge. 

Arthur M. Young in, The Bell Notes, (p.144) wrote, “What is our scientific civilization? Nothing? No, it is a very impressive something, but this something is really not what we thought it was.  What it is, is the power of duplication.  (That is, a scientist being able to duplicate an experiment in the lab.)  Once upon a time there was magic.  Civilization learned to reproduce, reduce to formula, and duplicate a part of the magic. That is our world of science.  The rest of the magic has been tossed on the junk heap … if we conscientiously seek out the final answer on, say physics, it will be found that there is no evidence that denies unduplicatable magic.”  This book provides evidence that denies all unduplicatable magic, for Almighty Allah created, measured and counted in His universe in truth everything, therefore there could no place for magic.  There is a place for science and through scientific evidences based on physical and mathematical laws, science does explain and predict how creation phenomena took place.  Humans presently do not have the ability experimentally to create a physical open or closed quark because the absolute temperature continues to elude them, and they may not be able to achieve it.  For there exist also daily miracles; for whenever Almighty Allah chooses to intervene or selects one of His creatures to present or represent His truth, then it is.  Examples in the Holy revelations are ample.  Moses’, may peace be upon him staff was made of ordinary wood, but under the command of Almighty Allah his staff had powers beyond magic so that the ancient Pharos Magicians recognized what the staff had done; for it was beyond their humanly magical tricks.  The result was, they fell on their knees stating, “We believe in the Lord of the worlds, the Lord of Moses’ and Aaron’s,” as it is documented in the Holy Qur’an verses (7:121-2).  On the other hand, daily examples are also found for a hard or soft seed, or a potato or an onion located within your home kitchen cabinet knows when it should sprout and begins to grow in trying to become a future plant and when it needs to be placed within the moist dirt.  The seed, potato or onion achieves such knowledge through a specific ultraviolet light that penetrates it awakening its DNA to multiply.

In the past century alone, it seemed that humans had achieved many great breakthroughs on the physical level using technical scientific advancements.  Science generally employs deductive logical methods in forming theories to account for and explain observed facts and phenomena.  Good theories are those that account for all known facts; each could be used to predict with the accuracy of which it is verified; usually each human theory has a lower and an upper limit; one finds that beyond these limits it could not transgress or it is not applicable.  Although most scientists have their own metaphysical outlook on life and believes, but mostly during their research they adapt to a pragmatic skeptical approach toward science to explain a phenomenon; they try hard not to allow their metaphysical believes interplay any part in their deductive logic; that is mainly true especially after they formed their mathematical formulas to represent the phenomenon.  Most scientists were and are trying, similar to theologians before them to uncover the independent ‘out there’ physical reality, which it is most of the time lies hidden underneath the phenomena they are investigating, especially phenomena that humans have no ability to perceive or observe directly; especially a phenomenon that lies within either cosmic or microscopic realms.  This book deals with both cosmic and microscopic phenomena based on physical and mathematical laws that Einstein’s utilized in describing an isolated Galilean metrical system; an isolated system composed of “two fluids,” actually in this book it is composed of two energies, where when the two energies are located in the same vicinity forming a united particle, such particle becomes a light photon; in addition, each energy knot, of the two types that could emit light at absolute temperature and entropy out of the radiated and polarized Hamiltonian phase function; the energy knot light trace creates or generates an open or a closed quark particle; the closed quarks’ surfaces are formed of direct plane emitted light, while the open quarks’ surfaces are created or formed from the wave front normal velocity surfaces.

Louis De Broglie in, Matter and Light, (p.27-28) wrote, when matter, for example metal is illuminated, it is observed to expel electrons in rapid motions; their velocities depend solely upon the wavelength of the rays falling on the substance, and on its properties.  It does not depend on the intensity of these incident rays, but the number of electron expelled depends upon the radiation rays intensity.  Such phenomena led Einstein to assert the corpuscular structure of radiation.  Einstein assumed that, “rays are composed of corpuscles, the energy of which varies inversely with the wavelength, and has shown that the laws of photo–electric effect follow easily once this hypothesis is adopted.” De Broglie added, “The wave aspect of light, and its corpuscular aspect are as it were two different aspects of the same underlying reality.”  He concluded, “If a photon (of light) cannot be separated from the wave which is bound with it, then surly in the same way we are bound to assume that corpuscles of matter are in turn, too, universally associated with a wave.”  Bohr found, “Quantized motion is the only type of which electrons contained within the atom” that might exist, De Broglie concluded (p.31) that, “matter, as well as light, consists of both waves and corpuscles.” 

De Broglie (p.46–7) added, H. A. Compton proved that, “the action of radiation upon an isolated electron is the same as though there were a collision between two corpuscles; a fact which once again leads to the corpuscles of radiation.”  Interference and diffraction are the wave theory starting point; it “inferred the necessity of the wave theory,” and generated the thoughts of dark and luminous existence zones within the universe.  Schrodinger gave “an exact form of the application of these ideas,” and furnished “a complete justification of the generalized form” of Quantum Mechanics.  De Broglie wrote (p.53), “According to Wave Mechanics, if a parallel beam of electrons having the same energy is directed on a crystal, the wave which directs the motion of the electrons will be scattered by the regular distributed centres of the crystal lattice.  The shorter scattered waves will interfere with each other, and the interference will introduce maxima of scattering in certain directions; and those directions can easily be calculated if the constants of the lattice employed and the length of the incident wave are known.  In the new theory, then, everything happens as though the wave controlled the entire motion of the corpuscles, and hence the electrons scattered by the crystal are bound to concentrate in those privileged directions of scattering just mentioned.”

 *** Add here the rainbow understanding of catastrophe theory***.  De Broglie concluded that, “Planck’s constant, h,” is considered “as a kind of link between the idea of waves and that of corpuscles.  And because the constant h has a finite value, the two ideas are both necessary, while their respective validities restrict each other.”  Since h is equal to 6.55 x 10^-27, then light appears to have “a continuous structure and the character of a wave, while at the same time attributing to matter a discontinuous structure and asserting that it was built up of corpuscles obeying the classical laws of dynamics.”  He (p.57) added, “Mechanics attempts to predict the motion of a ‘material point’ acted upon by forces.  Naturally the motion of a material point implies no more reality than that of a geometrical point.”

He (p.49) added, “The discovery of the photo–electric effect had shown that absorption by matter of radiant energy, of frequency ν, occurs in finite quantities equal to hν.”  Since the value of hν energy is finite in magnitude, which is considered minute in reference to a cosmic, macroscopic and even a molecule physical mass, then it has no considerable effect on such mass.  But, hν value magnitude constitutes at an atomic, especially at a subatomic level considerable effects.  He asserted (p.51), “The introduction of waves side by side with corpuscles has proved quite successful, since among other things it has supplied us with an explanation of the quantized character of corpuscular motion on the atomic scale.  What it has shown us, in fact, that in order to be stable the motion of small–scale corpuscle must be associated with a stationary wave.  As a rule this condition is not fulfilled, which explains why only some, but not all, motion is stable.” 

Long before Maxwell, Planck, Einstein, Heisenberg, Bohr, Schrodinger, Born, Jordan, De Broglie and the rest of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries gients there existed another great mind.  That was Isaac Newton, who must have read Genesis verse (1:9), “And God said, let the waters under the heaven be gathered together unto one place …”; it seemed to have had led him to his famous experiment of a fluid in rotation ***** GET THE PROPER NAME OF THE EXPERIMENT ***. He succeeded in introducing the term “Gravitation.”  It is from which he discovered the centrifugal force based on rotated fluid of mass.  Einstein provided example in his paper published in, The Theory of Relativity; where it seemed that he wrote his clear description and understanding of Genesis chapter one in utilizing the idea of two waters of how God created the universe.  The two waters are separated by Almighty God’s Light, which he understood from Genesis verse (1:3), “Let there be light.”  He wrote (p.112), “Two fluid bodies of the same size and nature hover freely in space at so great distance from each other and from all other masses that only those gravitational forces need to be taken into account which arise from the interaction of different parts of the same body.  Let the distance between the two bodies be invariable, and in neither of the bodies let there be any relative movements of the parts with respect to one another.  But let either mass, as judged by an observer at rest relatively to the other mass rotate with constant angular velocity about the line joining the masses.  This is a variable relative motion of the two bodies.”  The Holy Qur’an verses (55:19-20) conquer with Genesis chapter one description as follows,

Translated as, “He (Allah) let the two seas of waters to meet together. Between them a barrier they do not transgress.”  Such barrier Almighty Allah described it in verse (24:35) clearly, which will be presented later.  Einstein introduced the Lamp of God between the two waters, actually energies (p.115), “In a space which is free from gravitational fields we introduce a Galilean system of reference K (x, y, z) and also a system of coordinate K΄ (x΄, y΄, z΄) in uniform rotation relative to K.  Let the origin of both systems, as well as their axes of Z, permanently coincide.”  Then, Einstein showed that the field equations correspond to the laws of momentum and energy could be written most conveniently using the radiated and polarized Hamiltonian phase function ф form to conclude (p.148), “The general form of the field equations of gravitations” are required to fulfill “Poisson’s equation,” written as ∆²ф = 4πκρ.  Newton’s gravitational equation is considered to be the first approximation and written as, ∆²ф = 0.

One finds that the static solution of Einstein’s gravitational equation that Schwarzchild achieved was presented at Peter Brigmann in, Introduction to the Theory of Relativity, (pp.198-206); it concluded with a spherical singular surface.  Reported Brigmann (p.204) that Einstein “chose an example so that he would not have to consider thermodynamics questions.”  With such assumption Einstein had induced the field with kinetic energy and changed the state of the two fluids from static to dynamics.  He “introduced pressure, for the particles of his cluster (and he assumed his particles at Schwarzchild’s spherical singular surface) do not go under collisions, and their individual paths are known.”  With such assumption, he changed the conditions of the field from static (kinetic energy = 0), which described at Absolute Temperature or zero Kelvin degrees and zero entropy into a field that is completely a dynamic field where temperature and entropy have no longer zero values.  Schwarzchild’s solution (p.203) concluded with the existence of a “singular spherical surface at r = 2κm. On this surface, the components g₄₄ vanishes.”

Einstein, in his attempt to generalize Newtonian gravity and mechanical equations, wrote to Felix Kline in 1917; Abraham Pais copied in, Subtle is the Lord …, (p. 325) Einstein words that stated, “However, we select from nature a complex [of phenomena] using the criterion of simplicity, in no case its theoretical treatment turn out to be forever appropriate (sufficient).  Newtonian theory, for example, represents the gravitational field in a seemingly complete way by means of the potential ф.  This description proves to be wanting; the function g_μν take its place.  But I do not doubt that the day will come when that description, too, will have to yield another one, for reasons which at present we do not yet surmise.  I believe that the process of deepening the theory has no limit.”  Later, Hermann Weyl proposed a unified theory based on generalizing of Riemannian geometry in 1918 in the usual four dimensions, where Theodor Kaluza and Oskar Kline suggested. Pias wrote (p.329), “that unification might be achieved by extending” Einstein’s four dimensional “to five dimensional manifold.”  Wyel in, Space–Time–Matter, explained and provided explicitly all the calculations needed for this author to extract the physical shapes or actually the created “earthly” forms of: the open quarks such as electrons and positrons to be a drawn similar to the Arabic letter ﻥ (pronounced as Noon); and each of the six (up, down, top, bottom, strange and charm) known closed quarks as a collective of consecutive drawings of the Arabic letters of ﺃ or ﺇ (pronounced as Alif,) then the letter ﻟ (pronounced as Lam,) and finally the letter ﻡ (pronounced as Mim).  At the present, the calculations of the physical drawings of the polarized Hamiltonian phase function can be tested and re examined but a single quark, open or closed might not be manufactured for human technology do not allow them to hold an energy knots in general.

What is energy? No one has seen or ever handled energy; yet energy is the fuel of all life forms.  Energy is defined by mathematical equations expressing changes in matter and is quantitatively determined mathematically.  No matter what intervening machinery is used to transform the energy, it appears after the work is done in the form of heat.  The heat amount is constant no matter the path of change had been utilized.  Since matter is an interchangeable form of energy, neither one separately, but it is their sum is rigorously constant.  Conclusive metamorphoses between matter and energy occur, but under what conditions?  Humans succeeded in splitting the atom nucleus and converted it into free (mushroom clouds of wasted) energy, but humans fail to generate or manufacture a single form of a quark, open or closed.  The first law of thermodynamics asserts conservation of energy holds for all systems, including living systems.  For example, a gram of sugar when it is burned (a chemical reaction with oxygen) it results in carbon dioxide, water and it emits 3,800 calories; but if it is split into lactic acid it produces only 380 calories.  The heat amount liberated by burning sugar directly is the same amount when it is burned in a human body.  When an object emits heat and its energy becomes less; Max Planck in, The Theory of Heat Radiation, (p.92) asserted that, “By the act of emission, heat is changed into radiant heat, the entropy of the emitting body decreases during emission.

Degradation of energy is dealt with in the second law of thermodynamics, any form of energy can be converted completely into heat, but heat cannot be converted into other forms except under special conditions.  It exists only when a difference between two objects, then heat passes through the stage of chemical, electromagnetic, or other form of energy, but once the two bodies reach the same temperature, no further work can be obtained.  The second law of thermodynamics essence is that entropy of any mass object increases; then within human experience and visualization, entropy always goes forward or increases at least at macroscopic level.  On the other hand, James Clark Maxwell keen observations in, Theory of Heat, provided in a section called, “limitation of the Second Law of Thermodynamics” an unexplained passage, He wrote, “Before I conclude, I wish to direct the attention to an aspect of the molecular theory which deserves consideration. One of the best established facts in thermodynamics is that it is impossible in a system enclosed in an envelope which permits nether change of volume nor passage of heat, and in which both the temperature and the pressure are everywhere the same, to produce any inequality of temperature or of pressure without the expenditure of work.  This is the second law of thermodynamics, and it is undoubtedly true as long as we can deal with bodies only in mass, and have no power of perceiving or handling the separate molecules of which they are made up.  But if we conceive a being whose faculties are so sharpened that he can follow every molecule in its course, such a being, whose attributes are still as essentially finite as our own, would be able to do what is at present impossible to us.  For we have seen that the molecules in a vessel full of air at uniform temperature are moving with velocities by no means uniform, though the mean velocity of any great number of them, arbitrarily selected, is almost exactly uniform.  Now let us suppose that such a vessel is divided into two portions, A and B, by a division in which there is a small hole, and that being, who can see the individual molecules, opens and closes this hole, so as to allow only the swifter molecules to pass from A to B, and only the slower ones to pass from B to A.  He will thus, without expenditure of work, raise the temperature of B and lower that of A, in contradiction to the second law of thermodynamics.”  W. Thomson nicknamed Maxwell’s intelligent being as “Maxwell’s demon.”

Similarly, it seems that a living cell acts as if some type of a Maxwell’s demon resides in it; the membrane of cells allows certain molecules and ions to pass but not others.  Then, does a living thing transcend the second law of thermodynamics?  The probabilities are strong especially when a human deals with a zygote or few multiple cells that in the future, it or they might form a fetus within the womb; it is not the concern of this book in the time being, for a zygote membrane acts similar to any other singular cell, while trying to find a location to connect to the mother’s blood in becoming a leach like.  In studying other singular cells, one finds the most studied complex E. Coli has a sensory mechanism that recognizes the chemical and measure the change in concentration located either in the plasma membrane or in the periplasmic space as Wolfgang Joklik, et. al., in “Zinsser Microbiology” stated (p.74)

However, living cells sort out ions, build structure, and increase complexity and they achieve this by acquiring free energy obtained from other sources.  The whole web of life is a struggle for acquiring free energy.  One must be able to differentiate between light and heat.  The sunlight radiant energy is entangled by the chlorophyll in plant cells, which together reduce the carbon into compounds that serve as fuel of life.  Similar to bacteria, chlorophyll obtains energy from sunlight because they have colored enzymes, for light energy is caught only when the light is absorbed.  If all sunlight wavelengths reaching the chlorophyll are absorbed, it would be black; if all were reflected, it would be colorless or whitish; however, if specific wavelengths were absorbed and others passed on, then the emerging light would be white minus red, green or blue as the case might be.  One can Experiment by letting sunlight rays pass, say through a prism, and allowing the spectrum to shine on an algae filament under a microscope, the red light is absorbed and photosynthesis occurs in the cell at the location of the red light; as a product, oxygen gas is released into the surrounding water. Then, chlorophyll reduces carbon monoxide and water into sugar, which is a necessary step in the manufacturing of other carbohydrates, fats, proteins, which the plants make for their protoplasm and ours.  A potato plant that hoards red light energy packets turns them into starch replenishing the fuel that drives all living processes. 

When a female egg continues slowly to burn up its stored fat and other contents until it stales and dies, but if it is pricked by a sperm cell it embarks upon a fascinating adventure of growth and division, leading through a labyrinthine chemical trail to another being, its enzymes must take.  Every cell as its enzymes must dictate its path, but the enzymes are affected by accelerators, adjuvant, and inhibitors; they could be changed from an inactive to an active condition and vice versa by ions, oxygen or other chemical means by being allowed access to or held restrained from their substrates using physical barriers.  How are enzymes formed?  The protein is built into them, which is fabricated within the protoplasm by progressive linking together with amino acids, which is allowed to enter through the surface of the cell.  Enzymes perform the splitting of proteins, and that is not our concern in this book.  However, energy packets take the form of sustenance to be consumed by living cells as seen within the chlorophyll, which reduces carbon monoxide and water into sugar.

Since the creation of quarks, either open or closed deals with radiated energies emitted a light at absolute temperature and zero entropy, for out of them the polarized Hamiltonian phase function trace becomes a particle.  Therefore, before leaving thermodynamics and its effects on creation, it is important to introduce the third law. G. Van Wylen, R. Sontag and C. Borgnakke, wrote (p.580–581) the third law “deals with the entropy of substances at the absolute zero of temperature, and in essence states that the entropy of a perfect crystal is zero at absolute zero.  From a statistical point of view, this means that the crystal structure has the maximum degree of order.  Further, because the temperature is zero, the thermal energy is minimum.” They added, “the third law deals with the question of entropy at absolute zero,” and that “the implications of the third law are quit profound, particularly in respect to chemical equilibrium.”  During the third law application to the creation of a mass corpuscular particle as a specific open or closed quark in utilizing Einstein’s gravitational equation, one deals with a single energy knot that emits light in framing the polarized Hamiltonian phase function at zero temperature and, converting it into a mass corpuscular particle.  That is encapsulating a ray light wave polarized trace of an energy knot into a mass corpuscular particle while the energy knot entropy decreases for time has no influence; such mathematical problem requires, in addition to Einstein’s five–dimensional tensor generalized form of equations dealing with crystalline structure and its maximum degree of freedom.

Physical experiments, which investigated metrical phenomena, had concluded in the past century that matter could be composed of either wave or particle. The dual wave–particle views of matter generated a great conflict among physicists.  It is considered a conflict that depends upon the observers’ and their measuring tools and instrumentations utilized within the experiments.  From which a division of two camps appeared in describing the ‘out there’ physical reality; two opposing physicists’ views were generated; they were called either: realists and positivists.  The realists point of view think, it is conceivable that there exists an independent ‘out there’ reality; for matter is composed of particles in their view; a reality that through observations can be probed, tested at different states, and measured exactly experimentally at different times concluding similar results.  While positivists mainly argued that such a reality depends upon the observers’ and their tools utilized in their experiments; stemming from the idea that electrons’ energy packets could transfer from one electron to another or to its surroundings during a jump from one orbit to another, they concluded that the ‘out there’ physical reality is composed of waves; they added, since it is not possible to verify the existence of an observer–independent reality, then such a reality might be described metaphysically through hidden variables.  Every measurement, especially at atomic or subatomic and microscopic level could measure and represent a specific but a different state within a phenomenon; each state differs from the other because matter is composed of energy wave packets that travel freely from one quark to another.  Therefore, positivists claim that metaphysics ought not to be ignored or rejected entirely. 

This book provides conclusive physical and mathematical solutions that corpuscular matter is composed of elementary quarks; closed quarks are composed of plane waves vector surfaces; open quarks are composed of waves front normal velocity surfaces.  A nuclear explosion or during the bombardment of an atom nucleus with very accelerated smaller particles that have very high kinetic energies forces the metrical particle physical shape of closed quarks within the nucleus to break its “earthly created form.” That is what Almighty Allah have had created and counted in His tablets.  The destruction of a closed metrical quark physical “earthly created form” allows energy packets within the nucleus to escape into its surrounding environment.  The escaped energy packets have tremendous effect and cause great damage to the all types of surrounding living forms, in addition to the environment.  However, open quarks where a slight temperature change, an applied electromagnetic force, a mechanical force, a chemical reaction, or a simple bombardment of an accelerated beam of smaller particles of an atom outside the nucleus (such as a laser beam) would allow the transfer of the energy packets out of the open quarks to their environment.  Examples are found in Balmer’s 1885 famous physical experiment where the red packet was missing that provided Bohr with the idea of electron jumps around the nucleus from one orbit to another, and during the plants’ absorption of red light packets while forming sugar.

During the past century and through the present, scientists have failed miserably to detect or account through mathematical calculations of the shape or “earthly form” of both the closed and the open elementary quark particles.  However, they concluded that the open quark examples are found in particles such as electrons and positrons; while the closed quarks, depending upon experimental physicists’ recognition of them were named as: up, down, charm, strange, top and bottom.  Experimental physicists found other particles, but they believed that the closed quarks named above corpuscular particles constitute the main metrical “earthly formed” or shapes exist in the mundane.  This book through scientific, physical and very complicated mathematical tensor analysis presents the physical “earthly formed” shapes of both the closed and open elementary named quark particles above. 

*** Monotheistic revelations input

The present conflict in physics brings the questions to mind, why do humans need such knowledge that appears to be beyond their need for survival?  The answer lies in finding a future but cheep energy, because human present knowledge related to fossil energy as: oil, gas, coal … etc, which is considered the western civilization machinery’s life blood would soon come to close and run out within the next two hundred years.  Therefore, it seems that finding an energy source that would not run out is essential for mankind’s survival, and that humans must soon find such substitute to their vanishing fossil energy’s supplies.  The knowledge of the physical shape of metrical “earthly forms” of the open and the closed quarks that generate the elementary particles, would pave the way on how to cultivate, especially the closed quark’s tremendous energy packets safely.  The future is here and now, therefore knowledge of the physical metrical “earthly form” physical shape of matter has become essential not only for human future survival, but for their physical existence and their spreading out through the rest of space, actually it is called “the lower sky” in the Holy Qur’an as an example in verse (41:12), which states. 

Translated as, “So He (Allah) completed them as seven skies (heavens) in two days and He (Allah) assigned to each sky its duty (role) and command (law). And We (Allah) bejeweled the “earthly (it is not the lower)” sky with several lights, and provided it with guards, such proportional measure is His (Allah), Exalted and Omniscience.”

This book is directed towards those individuals who claim to be wise, patient, and willing to search for the true ‘out there’ physical reality.  Individuals who have basic knowledge of physics and mathematics, but it might need for more and clear details a knowledge of tensor analysis, which is usually considered a study deeper than the average college even physics and mathematics students study.  This book, in no way could be directed towards fundamentalists of the three monotheistic religions of Islam, Christianity and Judaism for each group is not willing at the present to leave their demagoguery, which is based on memorizing and repeating verses that they do not understand.  Therefore, they are unable to put aside their prejudices against the true Islamic message, including fundamentalists and reactionary Muslims, as presented in the Holy Qur’an as clear measure of scientific evidences of the Creator’s existence.  Each group of them is engaged in a secret imagined war and each is working hard to bring their Armageddon to reality before humans had fulfilled their role in their existence similar to the people of Noah’s, may peace be upon him.  For Almighty Allah had assigned Human role to be His vicegerent on earth and to spread through out earth as stated in verses (27:61-62) that state,

Translated as, “.”

And in verses (21:30-31), Almighty Allah states

Translated as, “.” 

Translated as, “.”

Earth is not this particular third rock from the sun, this planet, earth covers all the inhabitable portions of the seven “earthly formed” tracks within each of the cosmic six quarks of Alif Lam Mim, and the Alif Lam Mim Sad track.  The Holy Qur’an verse (65:12) states,

Translated as, “.” 

Fundamentalists and reactionaries of all three monotheistic religions and other polytheistic, pantheistic, atheistic religions have intolerance towards others with different sets of beliefs.  The fundamentalists and reactionaries from the three monotheistic religions, who are looking forward towards their Armageddon to end their existence are similar to David Qurash in Waco, Texas; for they think they could influence Almighty Allah in bringing their antichrist and Messiah, as believed in a first arrival per Jews, or as believed in a second arrival per Christians and some Muslims.  But true Muslim believers could not waiver for there does not exist a single Qur’anic verse that dictates a second arrival of Christ.  In addition, the Prophet Mohamed, may peace be upon him is the seal and the last prophet, then how and why could Jesus, may peace be upon him come again? 

All religious, including atheists, secularists and capitalists who are rigid and practice intolerance reminds this author by Richard Bach’s book, Illusions the Adventure of a Reluctant Messiah, first handwritten pages.  They know that they are sheep willing to follow a master who tells them how to live their lives because they believe he has all their answers, similar to David Qurash cult and all other cultic movements. In the chapter, a man who follow such Messiah stated, “easy for you, Master, for you are guided as we are not, and need not toil as we toil.  A man has to work for a living in this world.”  Then, the master or the awaited Reluctant Messiah replied, “Once their lived a village of creatures along the bottom of a great crystal river.  The current of the river swept silently over them all–young and old, rich and poor, good and evil, the current going its own way, knowing only its own crystal self.  Each creature in its own manner clung tightly to the twigs and rocks of the river bottom, for clinging is their way of life, and resisting the current what each had learned from birth.”  They are similar to all types of religious fundamentalists and reactionaries clinging to their ways of lives, but a clear change and a new paradigm in human thinking and behavior is clearly at the horizon presently.  This book serves a sign and carries the banner towards a new paradigm in human existence dictating that tolerance and understanding is the rule.  However, for those who resist, they might get their own awaited flavor of their awaited Armageddon exactly similar to that of David Qurash’s and many others before him, who claimed to be awaited Messiahs that they and their followers long had perished through out the centuries.

The fundamentalists and reactionaries of monotheistic religions combined with all other polytheistic and pantheistic religions, in addition to the atheistic and those who practice secular capitalism and materialism thoughts, which are based on usury and clinging to it, for usury is forbidden in Almighty’s law revelations and that not to be practiced among humans; they seem completely to be immersed in their own manufactured books and sets of manmade invented beliefs.  They have no time to invest in other knowledge, especially based on wisdom, because they consider all other books are completely false, irrelevant for they alone possess the truth.  They reject the true revelations impeded within the Holy Qur’an that forbid usury and all human manmade manufactured laws.  They do practice unwise wisdom in rejecting tolerance, because basic human understanding requires love, kindness and complete tolerance since each individual will answer to the Ultimate Judge Almighty Allah.  These words are directed especially to Muslims reactionaries and who claim to be fundamentalist; Islam is truly based on Almighty Allah’s wisdom with His great tolerance.  One finds many verses at the Holy Qur’an that state, Almighty Allah forgives every sin except having partners with him, or negating His existence.  Therefore, true Islam is beyond isolation and intolerance because the Holy Qur’an was sent to all mankind as dictated in verse (34:28).  There Almighty Allah reminded the Prophet, may peace be upon him, and all his Muslim followers through out history that he was sent as a universal messenger to all mankind.

Translated as, “We (Allah) have not sent thee but as a universal messenger to all humans to give them glad tidings, and warn them against sin, but most humans understand not.”  Humans do not understand because their hearts are usually closed and full of greed and envy and unwilling to take Higra, or go through transformation in the sake of Allah.  It is leaving behind all one’s old ways of life and start a new.  This book is a book that opens mankind’s minds and hearts towards a new paradigm, a new way of life that is based on love, respect and tolerance.  The Holy Qur’an verse (16:78) makes it clear that Almighty Allah brings humans to this life without knowledge as babes, and they have to learn how to survive in this world.  The verse states:

Translated as, “It is He (Allah) who brought you forth from the wombs of your mothers when you know nothing,; and He (Allah) gave you hearing, sight and the hearts to (sort between real and imaginary using your intelligence) and understand: that ye may give thanks to Allah.”  Past human civilizations have accomplished much, but they seem to have reached complete dependence and need of energy, because entropy must increase per the third thermodynamics law requirement.  Humans recognize that present known fossil fuel energy is slowly reaching its conclusion that is within the next two hundred years; and that humans have to find a new source of energy.  They seceded in destroying atomic nucleus of matter haphazardly bringing with it destruction and death.  Such new energy source could not be attained without complete believe in Almighty Allah’s and His revelations to His chosen messengers; it brings with it a new paradigm that changes human life and knowledge both of the divine and the mundane through extracting safely energy out of the metrical physical form of matter substances.  A source of great energy that could not be attained safely except through believe in Almighty Allah and His Holy Qur’an to be a guide and glad tiding to those who surrender to Him.  For verse (7:182) states that Almighty Allah,

Translated as, “Those who reject Our (Allah’s) signs, Allah will gradually reveals His signs in ways that they could not perceive.”  The polytheistic, pantheistic, atheists and secular materialistic capitalism thought through Einstein’s gravitational equation in mixing space–time, and that of Darwin’s superficial study and theories that they had fixed their distorted imaginative evolution and framed it to represent the ‘out there’ true physical reality, and they thought that they had imposed it on human way of life and thinking.  But Almighty Allah had used Einstein’s Darwin’s theories gradually to assure humans guidance towards Him, for science and scientific knowledge do not negate the existence of almighty Allah, but do confirm it.  The Prophet, may peace be upon him had said, “The inheritance of the prophets lies with the scientists;” and those are not who had memorized few verses from their revelation books and keep repeating them, similar to David Qurash’s, but those who are in addition to their knowledge in the Holy Qur’an, they possess also present scientific knowledge of all types.  For Almighty Allah refers to them as “people of understanding” who think of the creation of heaven and earth in the verses of (3:190-191), which state:

Translated as, “Behold! In the creation of the heaves and earth, and the alteration of night and day there are indeed signs for people of understanding.  Those who celebrate the praise of Allah, standing sitting and lying down on their sides, and contemplate the wonder of the creation of heavens and earth, with a single thought saying, ‘Our Lord! Not for naught has Thou created all this! Glory to Thee, give us salvation from the penalty of the Hell fire.” 

The Old Testament revelations emphasize the people of wisdom too.  Solomon, may peace be upon him in his Proverbs told his son, or it is compiled to mankind as clearly stated in relation to wisdom in chapter eight.  He commanded humans to hearken on both logic and wisdom stating:

1)      Does wisdom cry? And understanding put forth her voice?

2)      She stands in the top of high places, by the way of places of the paths.

3)      She cries at the gates, at the entry of the city, at the coming in at the doors.

4)      Unto you, O men, I call and my voice is to the sons of men.

5)      O ye simple, understanding wisdom, and ye fools, be ye of understanding heart.

6)      Hear; for I will speak of excellent things; and the opening of my lips shall be right things.

7)      For my mouth shall speak truth; and wickedness is an abomination to my lips.

8)      And the words of my mouth are in righteousness there is nothing forward or preserve in them.

9)      They are all plain to him that understands, and right to them that find knowledge.

10)  Receive my instruction and not silver; and knowledge rather than choice gold.

11)  For wisdom is better than rubies; and all the things that may be desired are not to be compared to it.

12)  I wisdom dwell with prudence, and find out knowledge of witty inventions.

13)  The fear of the Lord is to hate evil; pride, and arrogance, and the evil way, and the forward mouth, do I hate.

14)  Counsel is mine, and sound wisdom: I am understanding; I have strength.

15)  By me kings reign, and princes decree justice.

16)  By me princes rule, and nobles, even all the judges of the earth.

17)  I love them that love me; and those that seek me early shall find me.

18)  Riches and honor are with me; yea, durable riches and righteousness.

19)  My fruit is better than gold, yea, than fine gold; and revenue than choice silver.

20)  I lead in the way of righteousness in the midst of paths of judgment:

21)  That I may cause those that have me to inherit substance; and I will fill their treasures.

22)  The Lord possessed me in the beginning of the way before His works of old.

23)  I was setup from everlasting from the beginning, or ever the earth was.

24)  When there were no depths, I was brought forth; when there were no fountains abounding with water.

25)  Before the mountains were settled, before the hills was I brought forth:

26)  While as yet He has not made the earth, nor the fields, nor the highest part of the dust of the world.

27)  When He prepared the heavens, I was there: when He set a compass upon the face of the depth:

28)  When He established the clouds above, when He strengthened the fountains of the deep,

29)  When He gave to the sea his decree, that the waters should not pass his commandment: when He appointed the foundation of the earth:

30)  Then I was by Him, as one brought up with Him: and I was daily His delight, rejoicing always before Him.

31)  Rejoicing in the habitable part of His earth; and my delights were with the sons of men.

32)  Now therefore hearken onto me, O ye children: for blessed are they that keep my ways.

33)  Hear instruction, and be wise, and refuse it not.

34)  Blessed is the man that hears me, watching daily at my gates, waiting at the posts of my doors.

35)  For whoso finds me finds life, and shall obtain favor of the Lord.

36)  But he that sins against me wrongs his own soul: all that hate me love death.

Most of the chapter above spoke of Allah’s wisdom that allowed it to seek humans by stating for example “hearken onto me!”  It also spoke of the creation of the universe, but strangely there are two reference words: the first states, “That I may cause those that have me (wisdom) to inherit substance; in addition, that Almighty Allah has wisdom before He created everything including, “the highest part of the dust of the world.”  These are clear references to physical existence of matter, or dust and that its metrical figure or shape has a highest, lowest and central parts.  The chapter ends with that with, “For whoso finds me finds life, and shall obtain favor of the Lord” however, clearly continues stating, “But he that sins against me wrongs his own soul: all that hate me love death.”  One sees that the all fundamentalists and reactionaries, especially among the three monotheistic religions are looking forward to their awaited Armageddon, loving death and be perished but those with wisdom and tolerance love life.

The Holy Qur’an emphasizes wisdom; it could be granted to any human Almighty Allah chooses.  But Almighty Allah places a constraint stating that among humans, whom they might grasp His message, are only those individuals who possessed great understanding.  Therefore, this book is directed towards those individuals of great understanding, who possess wisdom, tolerance towards other sets of beliefs, and possess both earthly nature and that of the divine knowledge.  The Holy Qur’an verse (2:269) states:  

Translated as, “He (Allah) grants wisdom to whom He pleases, and to whom wisdom is granted receives indeed a benefit overflowing; but none will grasp the message but men of understanding.”  One finds that at almost every verse the Holy Qur’an mentions that Allah taught His Messengers the Book (it must contain the same message), Allah would always add that He also taught them wisdom.  Chapter thirty one in the Holy Qur’an is dedicated to Luqman the wise; a man who was verse in the knowledge of humanly and earthly survival type and that of the divine type.  His wisdom was reflected in his conduct in following the right course in life.  The Holy Qur’an chapter thirty–one starts with Alif Lam Mim, which contains the signs of the book that has wisdom for its is a guide and mercy to those who do good.  Alif Lam Mim represents the heart of this book because the physical shape of the Arabic letters describes the closed quarks exist within the metrical substance, while “the highest part of the dust (matter) of the world” represents the Araic letter Noon in describing the open quark of the electrons.  Surah Luqman, the wise states:

Translated as, “Alif Lam Mim, that is the signs of the book of wisdom. They are a guide and a Mercy to the doers of good; those who establish regular prayer, and give regular charity, and have in their hearts the assurance of the hereafter.  They are on true guidance from their Lord; and these are the ones who will prosper.  But there are among humans those who purchase idle tales to mislead others and throw ridicule from the path of Allah: for such humans there will be a humiliating penalty.”

Translated as, “When Our (Allah’s) signs are rehearsed to such a human, he/she would turn away in arrogance, as if one heard them not, as if they were deafness in both ears: announce to such individual a grievous penalty. For those who believe and do righteous deeds, there will be gardens of Bliss to dwell therein.  The promise of Allah is true: and He is Exalted in Power, Wise.  He created the heavens without any pillars that ye can see; He set on the earth mountains standing firm, least it should with you; and He scattered through it beasts of all kinds.  We (Allah) send down rain from the sky, and produce on earth every kind of noble creature, in pairs.”

Translated as, “Such is the creation of Allah: now show Me (Allah) what is there that others beside Him (Allah) have created: nay, but the transgressors are in manifest error.  We (Allah) bestowed on Luqman: show thy gratitude to Allah. Any who is so grateful does so to the profit of his own soul; but if any is ungrateful, verily Allah is free of all wants, worthy of all praise.  Behold, Luqman said to his son by way of instruction: ‘O my son! Do not take other partners to Allah: for false worship is indeed the highest wrongdoing. And We have enjoined on the human to be good to one’s parents: in travail did his mother bear him, and in years twain was his wearing: (hear the command), show gratitude to Me (Allah) and to thy parents: to Me (Allah) is the final end.”

Translated as, “But if they strive to make thee join in worship with Me (Allah) things of which thou has no knowledge, obey them not; yet bear them company in this life with justice (and consideration), and follow the way of those who turn to Me (Allah) in love. In the End the return of you is to Me (Allah), and I (Allah) will tell you the truth (and the meaning) of all that you did.  O my son! (said Luqman), If there be but the weight of a mustard seed hidden in a rock, or in the heavens or in earth, Allah will bring it forth: for Allah is acquainted and has knowledge of the finest subtleties (of His creation).  O my son! Establish regular prayer, enjoin what is just, and forbid what is wrong; and bear with patient constancy whatever betide thee; for this is firmness (of purpose) in the conduct of affairs.”

Translated as, “And swell not thy cheek (because of pride) at other humans, nor walk in insolence through the earth: for Allah loves not any arrogant boaster. And be moderate in thy pace, and lower thy voice; for the harvest of sounds without doubt is the braying of the donkey.  Do ye not see tat Allah has subjected to your use all things in the heavens and earth, and has made His bounties flow to you in exceeding measure, seen and unseen? Yet there are people among you those who dispute about Allah, without knowledge and without guidance, and without a book to enlighten them.”

Translated as, “When they are told to follow the revelations that Allah sent down, they say: ‘Nay, we shall follow the ways that we found our fathers following.’ What! Even if it is Satan is beckoning them to the penalty of the blazing fire. Whoever submits oneself to Allah, and is a doer of good, has grasped indeed the most trust–worthy handhold and with Allah rests the End and the decision of all affairs.  But if any reject faith, let not his rejection grieve thee: to Us (Allah) is their return, and We (Allah) shall tell them the truth of their deeds: for Allah knows well all that is within human hearts.  We (Allah) grant them their pleasure for a little while: in the end shall We (Allah) derive them to a chastisement unrelenting.”

Translated as, “If thou asked them, who is that created the heavens and earth, they will say, ‘Allah.’ Say, ‘Praise be to Allah.’ But most of them understand not. To Allah belong all things in heavens and earth: verily Allah is He that is free of all wants, worthy of all praise.  And if the trees on earth are all pens, and the sea becomes their ink, with seven seas behind it adding to its supply, yet would not the words of Allah be exhausted: for Allah is Exalted in power full of wisdom. For your creation and your resurrection is but a single soul: for Allah is He Who hears and sees all things.”

Translated as, “Does not thou see that Allah merges night into day, and merges day into night: that He (Allah) subjected the sun and the moon (to His law), each running its course for term appointed; and that Allah is well acquainted with all that ye do?  That is because Allah is the only Reality, and whatever else they invoke beside Him (Allah) is falsehood; and because Allah: He is the Most High, Most Great. Does not thou see that the ships sail through in the sea by the grace of Allah? That He (Allah) may show you of His signs? For all who constantly persevere and give thanks.”

Translated as, “When a wave covers them like the canopy (of clouds), they call to Allah, offering Him sincere devotion, but when He (Allah) has delivered them safely to land, there are among them those that halt between right and wrong, but none reject Our (Allah’s) signs except a deceitful ungrateful wretch!  O mankind! Do your duty towards your Lord, and fear a Day when neither a father can avail aught for his son nor a son can avail for his father. Verily, the promise of Allah is true: let not then this present life deceive you. Nor let arrogance deceive you about Allah.”

Translated as, “Verily the knowledge of the Hour (Resurrection) with Allah alone. It is He (Allah) who send down rain, and He (Allah) Who knows what is in the wombs, nor does anyone know what it is that one will earn on the morrow; nor does anyone know in what land one’s death arrives. Verily, with Allah is full knowledge and He (Allah) is acquainted with all things.”

Those who are intelligent would see clearly that the future of human existence on this planet and beyond it would lie in finding and cultivating cheep energy needed through the simplest mean.  That is abundance energy, which God had impeded within each metrical closed quark if it is released correctly and under complete control, such energy packets would thrust for ever time the new human civilization.  Present humans realize that the destruction of the atom’s nucleus or actually the breaking the atom’s closed quarks within the nucleus haphazardly generate great danger to human existence on the face of this planet and beyond.  Such conclusion was observed through dropping the atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki, where the released uncontrolled nuclear subatomic energy packets, or the energy packets inadvertently released at the Three Mile Island’s reactor in Pennsylvania, and out of Chernobyl’s Russian reactor had caused great damage to their surrounding life forms in general, and to their surrounding environments.

Almost all human organs stop their growth at a certain age; say for males the age of twenty-one, except the human brain organ.  It has the ability to continuously grow until a human dies.  That is true except for those who have some physical mental deformation or illness, where some might be stock at a specific certain age they cannot cross beyond.   However, only humans who have intellect might be able to differentiate between the written and spoken words that represent either falsehood or truthfulness.  That naturally includes many complicated physical and mathematical theorems, especially with several fragmented knowledge stemming from different sciences.  Fragmented knowledge has generated so called specialists at one field or another science.  Fragmented knowledge has become so wide and deep that the same branch of science, say physics is composed of several sub–scientific fragmented branches, where each sub–branch has its own specialists say: one in Einstein’s relativity theory, a second in quantum mechanics theory, a third in Maxwell’s electromagnetic theory, a fourth in Newtonian mechanics theory, a fifth in atomic physics, and many other subdivisions.

If a single human would accumulate knowledge and recognition of all sub–branches of science, that is all subdivisions of physics, mathematics, astronomy, chemistry, biology … etc, then such individual would have total access to differentiate between the true ‘out there’ physical reality from the totally manmade imaginative false additional theorems.  Assume such individual also has total knowledge of social sciences of human societies and their laws, which are based and mixed with their ethics; and if the same person also has complete knowledge of all human earthly religions, which means the knowledge of the religions of polytheisms, atheism that is mixed with secularism, and monotheisms.  Such individual would have access to both present scientific physical and metaphysical knowledge, then such individual would be able to differentiate between the human theory of evolution and the prophets’ revelations of creation; and then he would be able to sort them and provide proof and evidences which is fabricated and represents falsehood, and which is completely represent the truth.  This book author spent the last twenty–five years of his own life trying to accumulate such knowledge after obtaining a doctorate in Aerospace Engineering.  His goal is to sort between the ‘out there’ true reality and the imaginative thoughts and false theories using present human scientific knowledge.  He has to read all types of books of philosophy, religions, chemistry, biology, complicated mathematical of abstract nature theorems, physical and especially experimental scientific measurements, and social sciences, in addition to how the human brain and the nervous system sort between different stimuli through devising recognition or idrak that allows sorting between truth and falsehood.  Every book could be considered containing a slight hint or a portion of the total ‘out there’ physical reality or truth, unless it was written as pure fiction for entertainment.  Therefore, a caution for the reader is presented here, for the reader needs to endure with the author in trying to present such accumulated humanly compiled knowledge.  At many pages the reader would appear to be lost for the author had taken the reader from one’s comfort zone of knowledge based on his/her fragmented comprehension to find the reader is deeply immersed into another scientific or religious zone.  Within the same chapter the reader simply might find that he/she is reading out of religious texts, then to find oneself immersed into deep scientific branch of knowledge, and vice versa.

Therefore, this book is written and directed towards those who claim to have ability of recognition or idrak.  It is a direct reply to a question appears in Ravi Zacharias’ book, Can Man Live Without God, (p.181) where a Harvard student repeated the words of Culsus of almost two thousand years ago.   Zacharias stated the student question stating, “Isn’t rather unrealistic and self centered for God to condemn a bunch of atheists who don’t believe in Him when He hasn’t given them a convincing reason to?”  One is able to read that most monotheistic theologians had failed in providing physical proof, and they usually reply as Zacharias’ (p.182) in stating, “The scripture teach that the problem with human unbelief is not the absence of evidence; rather, it is the suppression of it.” With all my respect to all theologians, their answers are not based on complete scientific evidence, but rather their truthful recognition and inner insight, back to the word human intuition from which science completely rejects to base any conjecture or speculative conclusions.  The atheist student was looking for physical evidence that could not be denied.

One finds that St. Paul met strong opposition to his gospel based on only ‘faith’ without observing the Jewish law and circumcision from both Jews and gentiles. He succeeded in finding many churches such as those in Corinth and Ephesus to accept his gospel. He remained in contact with his congregations through correspondences. He believed God has acted in him in such a way to open up a new method for salvation, that is the way of ‘faith,’ which is apart from the Jewish law.  Celsus was a philosopher and lived towards the close of the second century.  He was probably the first to attack Christianity, in particular and monotheism in general based on blind faith. T. W. Doane book, Bible Myths and their Parallels in Other Religions, (p.272) states, Celsus commented, “They (the Christians) are forever repeating: ‘Do not examine. Only believe, and thy faith will make thee blessed. Wisdom is a bad thing in life; foolishness is to be preferred.”  Sadly, the same book wrote Origen’s astonishing reply to Celsus.  Origen was a Christian father, lived within the third century.  He was appointed as one of the Counsel to select the New Testament Books.  Doane copied Origen reply (p. 275) stating, “Since our adversaries are continually making such a stir about our taking things on trust, I answer, that we, who see plainly and have found the vast advantage that the common people do manifestly and frequently reap thereby (who make up far the greater number), I say, we (the Christian clergy), who are so well advised of these things, do professedly teach men to believe without examination.”

Humans who live within the twentieth century acquired scientific knowledge, which is based on a continuous need to provide evidences and proofs to attain any theoretical theorem, otherwise it would discarded.  One finds easily that during Oriogn’s time that human scientific knowledge could not possibly be able to provide a scientific evidence of monotheism; but this book, carried on the shoulders of great scientific giants, provides conclusive unambiguous results through solving Einstein’s gravitational equation.  The results presented in this were originally presented in the Holy Qur’an first verse after the introduction chapter, as a drawing of the Arabic letters of Alif Lam Mim.  The results are not only based on a theoretical formalism stemming from a mathematical representation that Einstein had convinced atheists, secularists, polytheists, pantheists and monotheists alike. Neils Bohr in, Atomic Physics and the Human Knowledge, (p.40) wrote a theory must defy all “unambiguous expressions in word suited to describe classical physical pictures.”  The results presented in this book defy any unambiguous expressions of any language that the human mind, which only could deal with macroscopic ‘out there’ type of physical reality in classical terms and pictures.  The results presented in this book defy any interpretation; they are supported by present experiments and measurements with visualizations within the fields of macroscopic classical physics, microscopic subatomic physics, and cosmic astrophysics. 

Macroscopically, the results presented in this book solves for Maxwell’s intelligent being named, “Maxwell’s Demon” in sorting molecules of gases with different temperatures.  It connects “Maxwell’s Demon,” which is capable of perceiving and redirecting gas single molecules with the concept of (negentropy) negative entropy.  P. Davis in, The Physics of Time Symmetry, (p.53) explained that, the demon “could operate a shutter mechanism in such a way that molecules could only be permitted to pass in one direction through the hole, or alternatively, fast moving molecules one way and slow moving the other.”  Then, “The price paid for this information is the unavoidable degradation of some low entropy light into heat due to absorption by the gas. This is an example of,

negentropy → information”

However, if “a partition may be inserted moment so as to trap the volume indefinitely, thereby decreasing the total entropy, therefore

            information → negentropy

may be regarded as the power of intervention in a physical system.”

Later Szilard and Brillouin investigated such phenomenon and Davis concluded (p.54) stating that in order for the demon “to acquire this information he would have to disturb them in some way, for example by illuminating them.”  He added, “The law of entropy increase refers to closed systems, the law of information increase to open systems.”  Therefore, would the intellect of an atheist, secularist, polytheist, pantheist or a believer in evolution be willing or capable to increase their knowledge and information related to the universe or not? The answer might be; oh yes!  They all claim to utilize wisdom and, for sure, humans are curious to know how wisdom causes those who acquire it to inherit substance, in addition, what is the highest part of the dust of the world is composed of and how does it look like!

Physically, one must be familiar with uniaxial crystals through Optical Crystallography. Stoiber and Morse in, Microscopic Identification of Crystals, clarified the crystal axial character (pp.133– ) stating, uniaxial crystals have one optic axis, a one direction along a light traveling with same velocity.  Crystals of the tetragonal and hexagonal are uniaxial.  Most colored uniaxial crystals show differential absorption of transmitted light related to vibration direction associated with ε and ω.  Absorption is defined as the difference in intensity of light in the two principal directions of vibration.  In uniaxial crystals there are two principal vibration directions.  Then, there are two principal associated colors. The recognition of color absorption depends upon the color intensity, which depends upon the thickness of the section. Minerals experimental data refer to section of 0.03 mm thickness unless noted otherwise.  Absorption requires the principal direction O, white and E, black for diachronic grains to be associated and identified with the principal indices of ε and ω in polarized light without crossed polars and the absorption formula is E > O. Assemblage observed where the grain do not change color on stage rotation without crossed polars have basal sections and their color must be O.  Crystals that have ε greater than ω have by definition a positive optic sign, and those of ε less than ω have negative. 

Fletcher defined the indicatrix of a uniaxial crystals by a geometrical figure based on indices of refraction.  The indicatrix is an ellipsoid of revolution see figure 7.1 (p.113). The axis of revolution has length 2ε and is the direction of vibration of the E, black ray at ε maximum. The ellipsoid diameter has length of 2ω and is the direction of vibration of the O, white ray.  Any vector from the origin to the ellipsoid surface has the magnitude of a refractive index. Light for which the crystal has that refractive index vibrates parallel to the vector and is propagated normal to the vector.  There is a circular section of radius ω; the direction normal to this circular section is the optic axis.  Because the velocities of the O, white, and E, black rays along the optic axis are equal, both rays are called ω.  Light propagated along the optic axis is not resolve into two unlike components; it is not plane polarized and vibrations normal to the optic axis is in all directions.

The orientation of optical or indictrix direction in a crystal must always be consistent with morphological crystal symmetry, since both are manifestations of the structural symmetry.  The optic axis of a uniaxial crystal, which is the rotational axis of the indicatrix ellipsoid, is the c crystallographic axis, which coincides with the E, black ray vibration direction for which ε is a limit.  Light propagates normal to the c axis, it has refractive index ε; but if it vibrates parallel to c, it has refractive index ω.  For negative crystals, the ellipsoid short axis is the axis of the rotation and it is oblate ellipsoid; but for positive crystals, the ellipsoid long axis is the axis rotation and it is prolate ellipsoid. 

Richard E. Stoiber and Stearns A. Morse, Microscopic Identification of Crystals, Robert E. Krieger Publishing Company, Malabar, Fl., 1981

L. Fletcher, The Optical Indicatrix and the transmission of light in crystals, H. Frowde London, 1892.

Wahlstrom defined in, Optical Crystallography, (pp. 205– 6) the following terms related to waves, “A light wave is a single pulse of energy and, in a linearly polarized wave, is a combination of forward motion and the simple–harmonic vibration of a light vector specified for a phase change of 0 to 360 degrees (0 to 2π radians).  A ray is the path followed by a wave or a succession of waves in traveling from one point to another in a medium.  A succession of waves moving along a ray constitutes a wave train.  The wave–front normal, or, more briefly, the wave normal, is perpendicular to the wave front, at the same time, according to the electromagnetic wave theory, perpendicular to the direction of vibration of the light vectors in the light waves forming a wave front. The ray velocity is the velocity of movement of a light wave along a ray, as opposed to the velocity of movement of a wave front in the direction of the wave normal.  The confusing and the widespread use of the term wave to describe the sum of all energy advancing in a wave front is specifically avoided in the following treatment.  Advance of a wave front is regarded as a group phenomenon involving the in–phase advance of the total energy in a family of electromagnetic waves.” 

He wrote (p.207), “If the velocity of the component vibrating parallel to the c axis is less than the velocity of the component vibrating perpendicular to the c axis, the crystal is said to exhibit positive birefringence and is described as optically positive.  The reverse situation produces negative birefringence.”  He added, “In crystals with positive birefringence the electric vector parallel to the c axis vibrates parallel to linear or planer elements of crystal structure, and in crystals with negative birefringence the electric vector parallel to the c axis is vibrating transversely to linear elements and has a velocity of transmission greater than that for light waves vibrating parallel to linear or planar elements.

Figure: Crystal 1

For each color of light, uniaxial crystals have two principal indices of refraction.  Light of particular color (frequency) traveling in any direction except the direction of the optic axis consistes of two sets of waves with different velocities but the same frequency.  The change of refractive index with the direction of light propagation or vibration may be visualized by use of a uniaxial indicatrix, a three–dimensional geometric figure showing the vibration of the indices of refraction of a crystal for monochromatic light waves in their directions of vibration.  Each radius vector represents a vibration direction whose length measures the index of refraction of the crystal for waves vibrating parallel to the direction.”

Wahlstrom (p.220–221) wrote that wave surfaces “are defined in the same manner that ray – velocity surfaces are defined.” He added, “A difficult concept to grasp is the fact that, in most directions in uniaxial (and biaxial) crystals, the direction of propagation of light waves along extraordinary ray does not coincide with the direction of the associated wave normal.” He continued, “Determination of wave front velocities in the direction of the wave normals for all possible rays yields an ovaloid outside of the ray–velocity ellipse and, in three dimensions, an ovaloid of revolution whose axis coincides with the optic axis.  For the ordinary waves, similar constructions yield, in three dimensions, a sphere that coincides with the spherical ray–velocity surface for the ordinary waves.  The ovaloid of revolution and the sphere showing the wave – front velocities in all directions in three dimensions are designed either as wave–normal–velocity surfaces or, wave–front–normal–velocity–surfaces.”

He added, “By using Huygenian constructions it is possible to trace the paths pf refracted polarized light waves and wave fronts through a crystal for light of any angle of incidence.  Huygenian constructions are usually drawn in planes of optical symmetry, because in these planes the paths followed the light may be presented graphically in two dimensions.  Huygenian constructions not in a plane of symmetry require three–dimensional drawings that are difficult to construct.”  He assumed that “the ray–velocity surfaces are derived from a uniaxial positive indicatrix in which n_O =1.5, n_E = 2.0.  the drawings are made in a principal section, and the optic axis is parallel to the surface of a crystal plate on which the light is incident.  In figure 9-14A (p.222) normally incident nonpolarized light, upon entering the crystal, is resolved into two components vibrating mutually perpendicular planes.  One component, the E component contains waves vibrating in the principal section that pass through the crystal with a velocity proportional to 1/n_E = 1/2.0.  The other component, the O component, contains waves vibrating in a plane perpendicular to the plane of the drawing and having a velocity proportional to 1/n_O = 1/1.5.   The rays and the normals coincide, and the ray velocities are the same as the wave–normal velocities.”

Crystal Figure 2

Crystal Figure 3

Crystal Figure 4

Ernest E. Wahlstrom, Optical Crystallography, fifth ed., John Wiley and Sons, NY,

1979

Microscopically, when a human utilizes of what mathematics referred to as Hilbert Space where Joseph Jauch in, Foundations of Quantum Mechanics, (p.18) explained its basic properties and axioms.  He wrote, “The axioms fall into four groups, each of which is referred to a different structure property of Hilbert space.  Group 1 expresses the fact that H is a liner vector space over over the field of complex numbers. Group 2 defines the scalar product and the metric.  Group 3 expresses separability, and group 4, completeness, of the space.”  the resultant solutions, which Hermann Wyel asserted, provide physical pictures of the shapes of: open, such as electrons and positrons, and the closed such as up, down, top, bottom, strange and charm quarks.  Each of the six–closed physical individual shape quarks consists of an unambiguous drawing of the Arabic letters of Alif Lam Mim, while each of the open physical shape quarks consists of the Arabic letter of Noon.

On the cosmic level, Schwarzschild singularity based on Einstein’s field gravitational equation who considered a solution of a mass point at rest.  That means time does not play any role.  His solution is presented at Peter Bergmann in, Introduction to the Theory of Relativity, (pp. 203-4), and it concluded the existence of a singularity that appears “at the point r = 0.”  He added, “In addition, it has a singular spherical surface at r = 2ĸm. On this surface, the components g₄₄ vanishes, while some of the spatial components become infinite.”  This surface at absolute temperature and entropy provides the clear picture of God’s light at the center of the universe as described in Genesis verse (1:3), “And God said, let there be light: and there was light.”  The Holy Qur’an verses of (25:51-2) stating:

Translated as, “Therefore, listen not to the unbelievers, but strive against them with utmost strenuousness with the Qur’an.  It is He (Allah) who squeezed the two seas of (different) waters: one is pleasantly sweet, and the other is salty better; yet He (Allah) made between them a barrier; a partition the two waters are forbidden to be pass it.” Again in verses (55:19-24)

Translated as, “He (Allah) who squeezed and joined the two seas of waters so they could meet. Between them is a barrier, which they do not transgress. Then, which of the favors of your Lord will you deny? Out of them (the seas) come pearls and coral.  Then, which of the favors of your Lord will you deny?  And close to Him (Allah) are the established buildings (of dry land) within the seas serve as signs or flags.”  Where in verse (24:35) Allah explains clearly His Light as follows:

Translated as, “Allah is the Light of heavens and earth. The parable of His Light is as if there were a niche and within it a Lamp: the lamp enclosed in glass; the glass as it were a brilliant star: lit from a blessed tree, an olive, neither of the east nor of the west, whose oil is well–nigh luminous, though fire never touched it: light upon light, Allah does set parables fro humans: and Allah knows all things.”

Then, Wyel and Levi–Civita found another static solution of Einstein’s gravitational field equation for “only rotational, but not spherical, symmetry.”  Again their static solution means that time has no influence or per Bergmann’s (p.206), “It is understood at the outset that ‘static’ indicates both the independence of g_μν of ξ⁴ and the vanishing of the components g_4s.”  He concluded (p. 209), “Singularities of the Z³–axis are necessarily circular, while singularities on the Z³–axis may be pointlike of the form

            ∑ [ρ² + (z – a_i)²] ^–½ (summed over i) 

or the nth derivatives of such ‘poles’ with respect to z.” then he added that, “in the presence of singularities, the ρ, z–space is no longer simply connected.”  It will be shown that at the two poles constitute two circular opening that allow energy to pass within the singularity of the circular surface of God’s Light.  Genesis (1:10) states: “Let the waters under the heaven be gathered together under one place and let the dry land appear; and it was good.”

Utilization of what mathematics referred to as Hilbert Space that its basic properties were explained by Joseph Jauch in, Foundations of Quantum Mechanics, (pp. 18-26).  Then, Wyel’s solutions of Einstein’s gravitational equation in developing the six closed quarks would be utilized at the cosmic level to create six cylindrical zones of earth that is not the planet human called earth.  The term earth here is used here to differentiate from the term heavens or skies, which each sea contains a sea of different separate energy. 

Translated as, “.”

The giant scientists are referred to in the Holy Qur’an in verse (24:37) as,

Translated as, “Men who neither selling, buying nor merchandise could divert them from the remembrance of Allah, nor from their regular prayer, nor from the practice of regular charity: their only fear is the Day when hearts and minds will be transformed (a universe totally anew).”

The Beginning of Human Scientific knowledge Accumulation

After Noah’s, may peace be upon him flood had leveled Egypt, Mesopotamia and Greece rose as the major stronghold of mankind’s knowledge advancement.  People were hunters and preying on animals is what they lived on; most were savages with no ethics; almost all individuals then behaved similar to zygotes in the womb, for survival was for only the strong individuals who were able to herd animals; many were sheep or cattle shepherds and for sure had to protect them from other individuals.  They found themselves that they live like nomads, who move from one area to another depending upon water and location of wild vegetations for their herds.  Slowly, clans of individuals became known; then tribes were formed to protect whatever each tribe individual has.  Wars among tribes over women, animals and physical belongings became the norm.  Greed played a great deal in their lives; they might have had justified raiding another tribe, but usually had been the main motive to be looting of what other people had in belongings.  This had not change to this day; for wars were and continued to be battled among countries and societies over resources such as oil or other minerals. Humans lived at areas that had worm climate with wild vegetation and did not require clothing.  But after humans, somehow learned to plant fields, they become farmers.  A new paradigm started where an era of cultivating a piece of land close fresh water is needed.  As a result, they needed different, a new knowledge: that understand the seasons cycle, collect plant seeds, when and how to plant, a way to process the seeds, especially wheat to generate bread.  It was the beginning of a new civilization; it required a ruler, or an arbitrator among individuals and a protector to their belongings.  Having a ruler, such as in Egypt, Mesopotamia, Greece, India, China, and other locations slowly introduced that idea of master, slave, priests, and few other classes in the society.  Therefore, the beginning of the agricultural society was a new paradigm in human lives.

Looking for knowledge in ancient Egypt, where the Nile River became Human sustainer, while at the same time it provided an opposing force that reckoned their homes and fields during flooding time.  The knowledge when the river was going to flood became essential in their lives.  But Egyptians were obsessed by magic and magicians powers over matter; priests provided such examples and sport like, for many stories that tell clashes between the magicians were written; some might to pass time.  On the other hand, advancement in building science was great, which depended on knowledge of mathematics; calculating a number for π or was approximated as 3.16.  An example is the great Pyramids at Giza, Colin Wilson in, Starseekers, (pp.47-49) wrote that, “A number of Arab historian” stated “it was designed as an observatory.  The Great Pyramid was built to watch for the arrival of “the dog star Sirius;” it appeared “just before the sun (at dawn) at the beginning of the Egyptian new year – when the Nile began to rise.  And since the Nile flood was the most important event in the lives of Egyptian farmers, the ‘star dog’ became the god of the rising waters.” It was built to predict the yearly river flood time.  Looking into the night sky seemed to find God was inevitable, for the Pharos rulers, each ruler declared oneself to be a demigod and must be worshipped.  Ancient Egyptian knowledge and invention of the Zodiac or the arrangement of the stars in the sky was carried with the human migrants out of Africa.  Those migrated towards the east following the sunrise location.  Ancient Egyptians knowledge, especially among their priests were to predict, with precision the equinoxes.  For almost every society on the face of this planet was trying to predict the arrival of their spring and the time of the equinoxes, that is at almost every latitude line along this planet.  Actually, almost all ancient buildings such as Stonehenge and Stone Circles were built as observatory to predict the arrival of spring to help farmers plant their yearly harvest.  The knowledge of spring arrival allowed time for better human preparation to avoid being destroyed by flood and gave precise time when to plant the fields so food would assure mankind survival, at least in Egypt.  Knowledge of how to predict the arrival of spring and the equinoxes were essential for the migrants out of Africa to be able to settle other lands.

Ancient Mesopotamia’s people were an exact copy of Ancient Egypt’s society.  They had two rivers instead of one.  They too depended on agriculture, and therefore they needed to predict the seasons.  Mesopotamia was obsessed with the location and arrangements of the stars in the sky; they built great records, especially related to disasters that took place.  The star arrangement at the birth of a child, they claimed and believed that it effected the future life of the individual.  They improved the zodiac signs and .  They believed in reincarnation, slightly different than that of Egyptians.  The same ideas continued to be followed and cherished in India and other parts of eastern Asia, and beyond.  In India, at the present, people calculate charts for newly born children, especially the rich, and try to predict their future based on the star location and arrangement in the sky.  They added to human knowledge a library of books that deals with the star arrangement within the “earthly sky.” 

Greece people were obsessed by Homer inventions of their demigods