Humans and True Reality!

Speed measurements are accomplished over finite interval of time or distance moved.  It is the average speed that is measured and for sure it is not the instantaneous speed.  Physicists introduced fictitious method of measurement of objects instantaneous speed by means of mathematical limits.  Such method reflects the limit of series of average speeds computed for smaller and smaller time intervals.  But during the time interval where two physical particles collide, physicists found that discontinuities exist in their velocities, which means each velocity described motion would fail to provide exact measurement of the instant velocity.  Therefore, the idea of applying the necessity condition is violated. 

Classical physics usually avoids dealing with physical discontinuities, but mostly rejects the expression that relates cause and effect.  It assumes smooth, continuous, and incremental change.  Although it permits certain types of discontinuities, but it mostly provides a crude process of the change process description, especially related to velocity measurements.  Classical physics insists that particles mechanics do not provide a true picture of the total physical universe.  Therefore, physicists conceptualized additional theories.  For example, they introduced the field theory, which considers particles to be squashy substance and each is surrounded by a field whose major effect is to prevent sharp collisions with other particles.  Classical physics replaces discontinuities with rapid and smooth acceleration and decelerations, while employing mathematical limits, which allow instant property change to be redefined, including temperature, pressure, velocities, energy, mass, and other substance properties.

In Physics in general, energy is regarded to be carried by both particles and their fields.  Physicists theorized the existence of a dualism form of energies: the first related to fields, which assumed to carry vibrating energy frequencies that spreads such energy through out the substance particle surrounding space; and the second, energy is assumed to be embodied in the substance particle with localized energies.  They emphasized equilibrium must be established using the two types of energies, field and particle.  Albert Einstein early papers of 1905 presented the idea of quanta or ‘bundles of localized energy’ that is energy represented in fields, and referred to it as, ‘photo-electric’ effects while explaining specific experimental results.  He expressed the radiated energy as particles of light, or photons, and assumed the process of energy change, which appears through emission and absorption of light to take place at finite amounts. 

Einstein used Blanck’s ad hoc hypothesis of an idealized glowing body radiated spectrum and established that quantum radiated energy is proportional to its frequency.  The word frequency reflects the energy wave oscillation number in time, providing a new universal constant, h, also known as Blanck’s constant, where the total radiated energy of a given frequency depends upon the quanta in the beam.  Max Blanck discovery meant actually the quantization of energy forces physicists to accept discontinuity existence in physics.  Therefore, the assumption of smooth, continuous, and incremental change could not be valid.  Discontinuity, especially at localized subatomic level of a particle or wave-particle substance might generate strange and unpredictable effects.

Many processes were found requiring discontinuous change on the atomic scale, but the atomic solar system theory related to the radiated electrons predicted that it would spiral into the nucleus after very short time duration.  In 1913, Neils Bohr postulated the orbital electrons rotational momentum is quantized, which only allows electrons to jump from one orbital level to another when emitting a quantum of radiation, or photon.  Actually, Bohr’s model placed discontinuity beyond human imagination, while his postulate of instantaneous orbital jumps violated the idea of smooth, continuous, and incremental change in space, it might have violated it also in time.  Such thought ran deeper than physical property substances change, and the wave theory opened Panadora’s box.

Louis de Burglie was the first to argue that particles like electrons could be represented as wave-packets.  He showed that the distances from the nucleus at which electrons would form stable patterns could be determined in Bohr’s orbital atomic model.  Empirically, the wave-particle duality appeared to constitute matter fundamentals, but it is hard for physicists to make sense of it.  The wave-particle paradoxical character became clear during the two-slit experiment related to interference fringes for it contradicted Einstein’s theory of localized stream photons.  Positivists argued submicroscopic phenomenalism, and space and time quanta were named as ‘hadons’ and ‘chorons’ respectively.

Bohr applied the complementarily principle, and argued that experiments that detect particle like characteristics would preclude simultaneous wave-like characteristics.  The holistic character of quantum mechanics solidified mystics, especially Eastern religion believers position of dichotomy of subject and object.  They claimed, their bliss resides in the unity of awe and wonder similar to the holy.  In Bohr’s sense, such experiences are neither of the same reality nor of any external reality.  But positivism made it clear that the meaning of any scientific hypothesis must be reflected in its observational cash-value. 

The precise articulation of quantum theory actually stands in clear contrast to the mystics attempt to explain their unexplained annihilated state.  Why? It could not be considered a source of scientific theory because it fails all laws of logic, which according to Aristotle: statements are either true or false and there can be intermediate condition in between.  Mystics actually proposed such middle condition, where a state might exist oscillating between reality and imagination or truthfulness and falsehood.  Such thought implies that the discourse of science is similar to the discourse of religions, and if that is the case, then science could not survive new thoughts and innovations.  This means that if the predicted result is not-true, then it might nevertheless be not-false.  Islam rejects innovations totally for they exist they must be measured by ‘Al-Qustass Al-Mustaqeem’ or they Holy Qur’an and they were found to contradict it the innovations are rejected.  Any book that claim other gods beside the Creator are innovations and must be rejected.  Therefore, one may conclude that all religious innovations that contradict their original revelations must be rejected, especially those of the Eastern religious mystical doctrines of incarnation, and generation of other gods with the Creator contradict their original revelations as presented in ***, they do contradict logic, and must be rejected. 

The original revelation books clearly specify the Oneness of the Creator, especially at the Western three religions of Islam, Christianity and Judaism.  The Oneness of the Creator is the main theme of the Holy Qur’an, and it is stated as the first commandment in the Holy Bible, which both Christianity and Judaism adhere to it.  Therefore, any innovation related to the generation of other gods must be rejected.  For example,  the Cabala Jewish cult books starting with the Zohar and all the rest contradict the creation as it is described in Genesis; the Christian and non-Christian doctrines that negates the Oneness of the creator through the introduction of innovations such as: ‘the son of god’ which is an idea copied from the Greek mythology of their god,  Zeus and his encounter with an immortal woman called Alchamine to give birth to a mythical god son named Hercules.  such idea implies mixing the Creator with humans through begotten and elevates humans to the level of the Creator; the idea of ‘incarnation’ of Krisna, Buddha, and Christ is another innovative idea that generates other gods elevating by humans to the level of the Creator; in addition, the Eastern, the pagan, and the Christian thought of trinity assembles another innovation for the trinity contradicts the Oneness of the Creator; and finally the negation of the Creator existence thought in general, as advocated by atheism or by the believers of the pantheistic thought who generated from their imaginative mind the thought of a single consciousness.  All these thoughts represent mystical intermediate suspension and allow the existence of a middle condition or a state exists oscillating between reality and imagination or truthfulness and falsehood.  True scientists reject mystical intermediate suspension, and every innovative human addition related to describing the True Reality.

One type of delusional innovations penetrated into Islam after Muslims had encountered other monotheistic religions during early Islam in Syria, Iraq, and Egypt, in addition to the Eastern religions of Hinduism in India and the rest of Asia.  A delusion expresses the knowledge of Allah through mystical union in Him could be achieved, that is copying the pantheistic thought to be conceived as an end in itself.  A delusion in which the human personality is extinguished for ever reaching the Nirvana state of godly existence.  They put aside the Holy Qur’an verse (40:62) translated as, “Call unto Me (Allah) and I will answer you.”  Such verse removes the veil between humans Allah while they are awake and completely conscious.  In addition the connection between humans and Allah during sleep or being out of conscious is continuous as the Holy Qur’an verse (**:**) states, “** when human are asleep, their souls reverts to Allah.  Then, He sends back the souls of those who are alive, and keeps the souls of those who died in their sleep ***.”  The veil between humans and Allah is always removed, during consciousness or not, for Allah makes it clear in verse (50:16) translated as, “Allah is nearer to us (humans) than our neck-vain.” 

Therefore, manufacturing innovative ways that claim to allow humans to remove the veil between Allah and them is direct imitation of Eastern religious nihilism, where it appears that the individual is trying to prove to other humans, he is a Taqi or a pious person but showing off has no place in true Islam.   However, the most revealing words in the Holy Qur’an as for example presented in verse (22:6 and 61) proclaiming that Allah is the True Reality, or “Al-Haqq,” And He alone shall remain where all else shall pass away.  Then, is everything, including light, matter, and antimatter is illusion?  Since everything is changing from matter to light, then to antimatter and vice versa, and the only connection between all things that are passing away and Allah are the human souls. 

Human souls are the only preserved things in Allah’s existence.  They are who would be allowed to reemerge or reborn as a (verse 50:15) “second creation” on the Resurrection Day to be judged on Judgment Day.  Therefore, mixing falsehood and the True Reality of Allah through magic similar to the ancient Egyptians who did encounter the True Reality proof in Moses staff’.  It is mainly that humans manufacture ideas and thoughts, which their goal is to distinguish Allah’s light as described through the inner yellow seventh sky region and force human souls to become lost among the passing away things.  Belief and disbelief in the invisible True Reality, Allah whose only His signs could be seen are compared to physical passing away substances all of which made of illusions and must pass away, including light, matter, and antimatter of the universe.

Those humans who claim to know the Creator are completely misleading towards falsehood.  For those ignorant people would actually claim that a drop of water that fell into the ocean could claim to know the ocean.  The Dhat of Allah in Islamic theology is clearly stated in the Holy Qur’an as unique who has no like, for Allah’s immanence and Transcendence makes Him beyond definitions.  The Holy Qur’an refers to Allah as the “Most Merciful” but it does not mean he has a quality of mercy that corresponds to similar terms with humans, if He is described and referred to in human terms humans do reduce Him to a created being not the Creator.  Therefore, the attributes referred to in the Holy Qur’an to Allah could not be interpreted or understood and looked upon similar to human terms.  Why?  Speaking in Arabic of “Divine Personality” would not actually mean generating a personality, because it implies “Tashkhes” or drawing a picture or forming a status figure of Allah, which is not only forbidden in Islam but also in all other two monotheistic religions of Christianity and Judaism. 

However, not only mystics of all religions fall into such a trap in claiming to acquire heavenly knowledge that they could not explain in physical terms, but also few scientists claimed to acquire mysterious powers similar to the magicians of ancient Egypt.  Those too must come down from their high delusional flight to acknowledge the Oneness of the Creator similar to ancient Egypt magicians.  For example, Einstein claimed ****

The simplest atom known is the hydrogen atom.  It is consists of a tiny nucleus with a single electron orbiting it.  The Problem for Bohr was, if the atom as big as it appeared to be, then how could the electron keep a stable orbit?  The planetary model predicts for any planet that gives up energy continuously, it would spiral into the sun; then the electron would crash into the nucleus every time it emitted its light energy.  Therefore, the whole atom would be suddenly deflated and all matter would undergo a rapid collapse.  Gravity would crush the atoms together and matter would be empty and lifeless for light would be gone.  Well, if the electron could not emit continuous energy, then how does it radiate any light? Light emission consumes energy.

Bohr postulated when an electron jumped discontinuously from one orbit to another and thought that Blank’s h factor, which could be composed of other units, must be involved in the process in dealing with such discontinuity movement.  Blank’s h is a unit of energy per time, or a unit of momentum per distance, which physicists call action.  Bohr viewed it as a unit of angular momentum, and its observation had a direct bearing on his atomic model.  The angular momentum is the product of ordinary or linear momentum and the radius or distance from the object to the referenced point.  The electron, traveling around the nucleus, seemed to be held by a tether of electrical attraction between the electron and the nucleus.  Then, Bohr thought that could Blank’s constant h be used as a unit of the electron’s angular momentum?  He calculated the orbit size required for an electron for one unit of angular momentum, h, which proved to be the correct size.  The, he tried a new orbit of units of two h to find it is four times larger than the original orbit, and for three unit h, to find it nine times larger than the original orbit. 

By restricting the electron to the special or quantized orbits, Bohr successfully predicted the correct scale and size of the atom.  But why the electron was not radiating energy while it is whirling in its orbit, or why the atom is stable?  Bohr asserted that the rule for a quantized electron whirling around the nucleus could only exist with whole unit of h’s, such as 1h, 2h, 3h, etc., but not with a fraction of it.  By using Blank’s energy E = h * f formula, he predicted the frequencies of the light observed whenever an electron made an orbital jump.  In 1880, Johann Balmer observed that the light coming out of a hydrogen gas did not exhibit a continuous spread of colors, for missing colors were found when it passed through a prism.  The produced spectra appeared as a horizontal strip containing several vertical lines, like teeth in a comb, but few are missing. 

Bohr thought from Balmer’s experiment that he could also calculate the radiated energy of the electron when it changed orbits.  Since there were certain orbits for the electron, then there had to be certain frequencies for the light, which must depend on the difference in energies of the electron involved in the quantum jump.  The picture Bohr could draw was that of a quantum jump, a leap from one place to another, which negates continuity in classical mechanics.  The time to abandon Newton second law had not arrived, after all Bohr’s idea of fixed orbits is planted in Newton’s cosmology of planet rotation around the sun.  According to Newton, a force is acting on the electron pulling it into a circular orbit, which changes the electron orbit.  And there must be electron acceleration because it is a charged particle, which must give out energy when it accelerates.  Bohr noticed that his rule of allowed and forbidden jump depends upon on the size of the quantum jump.  For example, a jump from the second to the first orbit, the size change is tiny, but a sizable change on the scale of the first orbital diameter.  He calculated the radiation from a change in orbits to find the results are in agreement with classical predicted results.  In other words, the smaller the relative result change is found to be the more continuous and classical seemed to be, which is called the Principle of Correspondence.  The universe appears to be continuous even though it is fundamentally discontinuous which is based on quantum jumping.  To Bohr the rule became a question of the relative scale, where discontinuity is the fundamental truth.  The believers of continuity found themselves that had to give up the idea of particles of matter in their attempt to rid themselves of quantum jumps.

Physicists found that some lines of the spectra are missing in atoms that contain more than one electron.  They explained the missing lines by either the transition between quantum states is weak or the theory of quantum states has something wrong.  By invoking modern atomic physics and molecular spectroscopy to conclude that something about the state vectors would make the transition a forbidden one.  In 1925, Wolfgang Pauli proposed his exclusion principle to explain the missing lines in the atomic helium spectra.  The principle stated that no two electrons posses the same set values of the four quantum numbers, and an atom orbital could only hold a maximum of two paired electrons, one spins upward and the other downward.

Physicists found that at the heart of all quantum particles lies indistinguishability, where fermions differ from bosons in their many particle state vectors.  Indistinguishability is a property that is intrinsically linked to the wave-particle in quantum mechanics as seen in electrons.  Each electron has a three-dimensional shape of delocalized quantities.  Such indistinguishability is explained in terms of state vectors.  Physicists left unanswered the question, ‘where does the collapse of the wave function take place?’  John Bell wrote of the ‘shifty split’ between measured and perceived objects.  To avoid this ‘shifty split’ physicists introduced an element, which assures the wave function collapse at the early stage of amplification. At that instant of wave function collapse measurements become invalid.  Many theories were proposed but the property itself has not yet been detected, that is which might explain how photons vary from existence possibilities into actualities at the moment of the collapse.  Why?  Humans measuring devices are large objects like a photomultiplier and do not have the ability to measure the collapse of the wave functions at their early process stages. 

How does the wave function collapse arise?  Well, unless the collapse occurred during the measurement process, observers would be stuck with infinite regress with animate objects suspended in superposition states of life and death.  Von Neumann provided an explanation as follows, ‘the wave function collapses when it interacts with conscious observer.’  He argued that, ‘photons scattered from the pointer and its scale enter the observer’s eye, and interacts with his retina in a quantum process.  The signal passes or does not pass through the observer’s optic nerve, which in principle is represented in terms of a linear superposition.  Then, only when the signal enters the observer’s brain, where it encounters a system that is not subjected to the quantum theory laws, the human conscious interpret the wave function collapse.

If things that human sense and know their governing laws do not reflect true reality, and if other things that humans could not sense and might not know their governing laws do exist as real, then what is real and what is imaginary?  How could humans decide that this thing is real and that is imaginary?  Assuming humans investigate external stimuli only and do not consider internal mental stimuli that might emerge from dream-like thoughts.

With this explanation, humans reached the basic dualism of matter and conscious mind.  In 1961 Eugene Wagner used in his experiment a friend as the conscious mind.  He argued that the wave function collapsed when it interacts with the first conscious mind it encounters, which appears to violate the physical laws of inanimate objects.  It is in the observer’s conscious where the influence of external matter had effect over the conscious mind is balanced by the influence of mind interpretations over matter.  Interpretations of such appeared or perceived reality might lead to physical effects.  The problem becomes, ‘it is not only what the human conscious had observed but it is what the conscious mind interpreted and perceived to have observed would influence their actions and reactions.

Assume humans are able to differentiate between external and internal dream like stimuli and observers eliminate hallucination and internal imaginative dreams.  Strange mixture of effects would exist between human conscious and observed perceived matter provides a fogy cloud in differentiating between reality and imagination.  Question presents itself, ‘Does the externally observed physical shape represent actual reality or a figment of the human imagination?’  The human consciousness interpretation related to the observed physical shaped object, which might appear ‘out of thin air,’ such as mirages and flying saucers.  Such types of phenomena not only could be explained physically with the use of mathematical equations and their solutions would allow humans to explain them and their effects.  Therefore, there are spectra lines humans could not observe, but they are part of the True Reality of the universe, and there are imaginary objects that could be seen but they reflect human imaginative interpretations.  Human perception of the reality could not be differentiated

On the one hand, ample examples exist where things are real but they could not be seen or detected by human senses; such as: the earth rotation around itself, and lately the utilization of the unseen light to carry multimedia files through fiber optic lines, and other usages.  Yet humans believe of their existence and utilize them to their benefits.  Humans have no ability to sense, measure, and detect, or understand the governing laws of unseen stuff like energy colored quanta similar to the colors appear in a rainbow.   On the other hand, humans sense and at times explain and understand the governing laws of imaginary things physically and mathematically like mirage, and three dimensional flying saucers.

Before introducing difficult physical subjects related to measurements and detections of quantum mechanics and string theories with their contradiction with Einstein’s concept of mixing space and time, it is important to explain physically and mathematically how and why do rainbows, mirages, and flying saucers appear from thin air?

Therefore, mathematical equations and their solutions alone cannot prove True Reality; physical observations alone cannot prove True Reality; and human sensual detection of physical shapes and other things, especially things that fall out of thin air and register as false sensual substances.  The three major tracks of analysis related to human perception of True Reality help differentiate between True Reality and imagination, but they all fail in relation to the missing lines of the spectra of atoms.  Why? Light is composed out of two opposite and conjugate substances; they are matter and antimatter, each substance wave function had spun in the opposite direction of the other.  Then, when similar and opposite wave functions of matter and antimatter meet their two wave functions appears to annihilate each other and emitting light while passing through each other; when they completely pass each other they emerge in the same of different form but directed with an angle. 

The light emitted could be photon or other wave-particle and usually takes place in a finite length of time.  How does the emitted light, photon or other wave-particle distribute its physical quanta sub-particles in the surrounding space?  Does time influence quanta distribution?  It is possible that humans have the ability to influence in laboratory setting the interaction between matter and antimatter at a microscopic level.  But could the action between matter and antimatter be influenced at a cosmological macroscopic level?

There are three tracks of analysis that must be perused in studying and understanding the True Reality in relation to human perception of reality.  The first is based on scientific measurements, and the second must be based on mathematical solutions of formulated equations because language fail to explain ……  .  However, the third must be based on the true and real revelations that were not manipulated and changed by humans through out the centuries, that is the Holy Qur’an alone.

Jonathan Powers, Philosophy of Physics, Nethuen, NY, 1982