May 11, 1940, Dutch Press Agency
Jewish journalists not allowed at Agency.
May 1940, List of Prohibited Books
Jewish authors not to be read.
May 1940, Dutch Cinema Union
Jews not allowed.
May 29, 1940, Proclamation
Dutch law will remain in force.
May 31, 1940, Ruling
Signs bearing the words “Jewish business” must be affixed outside the relevant
shops and offices.
July 1, 1940, Circular
Those not fit for the Dutch ARP Service:
(a) all Jews;
(b) all subjects of countries at war with Germany;
(c) all Dutchmen with known anti-German sentiments.
July 2, 1940, Circular
Those unsuitable for work in Germany:
“…anti-social elements, e.g., people who have served long prison sentences,
those with a clear communist history, and Jews.”
July 18, 1940 Circular
“Anyone with one or more Jewish parents must put himself down as a Jew irrespective
of his religion.”
July 16, 1940 Minutes
“Ritual slaughter must be prohibited.”
July 1940, Concertgebouw Orchestra
Jews not allowed.
July 1940, The Wagner Society
Jews not allowed.
Aug 20, 1940, Law
The Reichskommissar is authorized to dismiss civil servants at will.
August 1940, Order
German Jews are to leave The Hague and the coastal area, and all Jewish refugees from
Germany are asked to report to the Aliens Department.
August 22, 1940, Order
All writings hostile to the German people, the Fuhrer, the Nazi Party, the German State,
the German Government, and the German Army are to be removed from Dutch libraries.
August 30, 1940, Instruction
No one of Jewish blood is to be appointed, elected or promoted to public office.
September 1940, Decree
“The legal and financial status of public servants, and especially the conditions of
their employment and dismissal may, if necessary, be amended in disregard of the existing
laws.”
September 13, 1940, Decree
Jewish officials are dismissed, and their salaries are withheld pending a further
decision.
September 30, 1940, Circular
Jews are defined to be all those with one grandparent known to have been a member or
temporary member of the “Jewish community”.
October 4, 1940, German Newspaper
Report
“Public Service to dispense with Jews and people of mixed blood. No new posts or
promotion.”
October 4, 1940
Illegal Student Newspaper |
| “The Jewish problem
does not exist…but what does exist is an anti-Semitic problem.” |
October 11, 1940, Order
The Dutch Press is not to write “commentaries or articles on
matters affecting the Jews”. This order also is “not for publication”.
October 19, 1940, Circular, Aryan
Attestation
All educators are given two forms to be filled out and returned immediately: A for Aryans
and B or non-Aryans, the latter to be completed in duplicate.
October 22, 1940, Decree
Article 2 (Registration)
All businesses owned by Jews or having one Jewish partner or director are to register. All
enterprises with predominantly Jewish capital or Jewish shareholders are to register.
Clause: Registration is compulsory for enterprises that are under
predominantly Jewish “influence”.
Article 4 (Definition of Jews)
1. Jews are all persons whose grandparents included three or more full Jews by race. (And
see 3 below.)
2. Persons with only two
fully Jewish grandparents are deemed to be Jews if they either (a) belonged to the Jewish
religious community on 9 May 1940 (or subsequently joined it); (b) or were married to a
Jew on 9 May 1940 or after that date.
3. A grandparent is deemed
a full Jew if he was an any time a member of the Jewish religious congregation.
November 23, 1940, Dutch
Journalists’ Union
Jews not allowed.
December 19, 1940, Decree
Jewish householders are debarred from employing “persons of German nationality, or of
German and related blood”.
January 5, 1941, Order
Jews are debarred from all but two cinemas in Amsterdam.
January 8, 1941, Order
Jews are debarred from the remaining two cinemas.
January 1941 Order
All cinemas are to show “The Eternal Jew”.
January 10, 1941, Decree 6/41
All Jewish persons--full Jews, half Jews, quarter-Jews, orthodox or not--are to be
registered.
Note
Böhmcker to Seyss-Inquart |
| “Thanks to Decree 6/41,
all Dutch Jews are now in the bag." |
January 11, 1941, Minutes Of A
Conference
All radios are to be registered.
January 27, 1941, Regulation On
Procedure Involving Registration
Jews = J, Bastard Jews = B. Bastards are subdivided into BI (two Jewish
grandparents) and BII (one Jewish grandparent).
February 11, 1941, Decree
Jewish students wishing to enroll for the academic year 1941-42 might do so only with the
express approval of the Secretary-General of the Department of Education, Science and
Culture.
February 12, 1941, 6 a.m., Proclamation
The Jewish quarter of Amsterdam is sealed off. Doctors also are not allowed to leave.
February 13, 1941 Ultimatum
Jews are to hand over all firearms, clubs, knives and other weapons to the police without
delay.
February
22 & 23, 1941
First Nazi Terror Raid |
| Police descend on the Jewish
quarter of Amsterdam arresting some 400 “hostages” between the ages of twenty
and thirty-five years. These hostages are sent to the Buchenwald labor camp where one will
be used in vivisection experiments. The others will be sent on to the Mauthausen death
camp. |
February 1941, Order
The Secretary-General for Social Affairs is to remove all Jews from the list of blood
donors.
February
1941
Confiscation |
| The German Kommandant in The Hague confiscates the houses and
apartments of members of the B’nai-Brith Organization. |
|
March 18, 1941
"Request" |
| German police request a list of all Jewish organizations with
headquarters in Amsterdam. |
|
March 20, 1941
Police Raid |
| German police raid the Refugee Committee and declare the Committee
for Special Jewish Affairs and all its subcommittees dissolved. |
March 24, 1941, Decree
Jewish and Aryan workers in slaughterhouses are to be segregated.
April 2, 1941, Proclamation
Jews are prohibited from entering hotels, restaurants, cafes, cinemas, theaters, public
libraries, public meeting halls, public baths and washhouses…all these institutions
are to display “No Jews” signs in prominent places.
April 2, 1941, Proclamation
Jews are forbidden to take up residence in Haarlem. Jews who already live in Haarlem are
not allowed to leave.
April 1941, Order
All people are to carry identity cards. The cards for Jews are to bear the letter J in
large black type.
April 1941, Order
The paper Haïsha is prohibited.
April 10, 1941, Order
Jews are not allowed to move from Amsterdam to other parts of the country.
Request
To Police |
| A 79 year old woman moved “to Amsterdam to recuperate after her
husband’s death. Has fully recovered now, and would like to return to her original
home in Dordrecht, where she spent 77 years of her life. She accordingly requests
permission to leave.” Denied. |
April 1941, Order
Jewish players are debarred from government-subsidized orchestras.
May 1, 1941, Order
Jews are debarred from the stock exchange.
May 1, 1941, Order
Jews in the professions—advocate, attorneys, doctors, dentists, pharmacists,
midwives, interpreters, translators, and all “persons sworn into
office”—are to cease doing work for anyone but Jews.
May 23, 1941, Dutch Labor Service.
Jews are debarred from participation.
May 27, 1941, Agricultural
Dejudification Decree
Jews are to register their ownership of farms. They must be sold by September 1, 1941 and
transferred to the new ownership by January 1, 1942.
May 31, 1941, Regulation
Jews are debarred from--
(a) bathing in public baths or swimming pools;
(b) entering public parks and other amenities in spas, or renting public rooms (hotels,
boarding-houses, hostels);
(c) attending (horse) race meetings.
National Dagblad |
"The North Sea will no
longer be used for the ablution of Jewish flesh....(The) glory of Dutch horsemanship will
be resurrected in the absence of Jewish profiteers and gamblers, who are more fitted to
Oriental camels than to German horses.”
|
June
1941
2nd Nazi Terror Raid |
| Several hundred more Jews rounded up and sent off to Mauthausen. No one
survives. |
June 17, 1941, Circular
Jewish apprentices are debarred from participating in mixed swimming galas anywhere.
June
11, 1941
German Police Raid |
| Three hundred young Jews are rounded up as a reprisal for a bomb attack
on the Wehrmacht headquarters in Amsterdam. They are sent to the Mauthausen death
camp. [It’s unknown that Jews were actually involved in the attack.] |
July 10, 1941, Circular
Jewish pupils are to be registered.
July 25, 1941, Decree
Jews are not allowed to keep pigeons.
July 25, 1941, Decree
Jews are debarred from--
(a) Public parks
and zoological gardens
(b) Cafes,
restaurants (including station buffets), hotels and boarding houses
(c) Wagon-lits and
buffet-cars
(d) Theatres,
cabarets and cinemas
(e) Sports-grounds,
bathing beaches, indoor and outdoor swimming pools
(f) Art
exhibitions and concerts
(g) Public
libraries, reading rooms, and museums
(h) “Direct
or indirect participation in public markets public auctions and slaughterhouses”.
Further, where meetings are allowed the words “Jewish hall (or
meeting), open to Jews only” must be displayed. For safety’s sake, non-Jews
“must not go to such places or attend such meetings”.
Proviso: “These regulations do not in any way limit the powers
of the Security Police”.
August 1941, Decree
Jews are to transfer all cash, checks, bank deposits, etc. to the holding company of
Messrs. Lippmann, Rosenthal & Co.
August 1941, Decree
The Dutch Estate Management Organization is authorized to take over all Jewish properties.
August 1941, Edict
Jewish children are to attend separate schools called “unsubsidized institutes of
special education”.
September 13, 1941, Order
Three Jewish papers are proscribed.
September
13, 1941
Police Raid |
| Over 100 Jews rounded up and sent as “hostages” to a
“concentration camp” (Mauthausen, death camp. Sixty five of them, mostly
youngsters, are dead within a few weeks.) |
September 15, 1941, Order
“Every Jew occupying his own or rented accommodation must…obtain permission in
writing…before removing furniture, fittings, household equipment and other
possessions. Breaches of this order will be severely punished."
September 1941, Co-Option
The Rosenthal Library (20,000 volumes) and the library of the Sephardic Community in
Amsterdam (25,000 volumes; chiefly Hebraica) are incorporated into the German Library for
Investigating the Jewish Question.
September 1941, Co-Option
Libraries are taken from the Societas Spinozana and from the Spinoza House.
September 21, 1941, Circular No. 35
Jews have another two months at vegetable sales and one month at fruit sales.
September 28, 1941, Circular No. 37
Jews have another two months for both fruit and vegetables sales but only one month for
flowers.
September 1941, Order
The removal of household goods and effects by Jews without prior permission is prohibited.
October 22, 1941, Decree
The right is reserved to make the employment of Jews subject to special permits, or to
prohibit it altogether.
October 22, 1941, Decree
Labor contracts subject to three months’ notice can be terminated on the first day of
every calendar month. If terminated, Jews are granted a maximum of one month’s salary
after five years’ service and six months’ salary after twenty-five years’
service.
October 22, 1941, Decree
Jews are debarred from participation in non-profit making associations and companies other
than those run by Jews and for Jews.
October 1941, Decree
Non-Jews are debarred from doing work in Jewish households or in households where Jews
were continuously resident for periods exceeding four weeks.
November 25, 1941, Order
The German nationality of all German Jews living abroad—including the
Netherlands—is revoked. All possessions of these people are declared forfeited to the
German State.
December 5, 1941, Decree
All non-Dutch Jews are to report for “voluntary emigration” to the Zentralstelle.
November 27, 1941, Staff Report
Topics:
(a) Use of Jews as
labor in Germany;
(b) Jews to be
paid 20% less than Aryans;
(c) Suspension of
maternity, wedding, and burial benefits for Jews;
(d) While working
in the vicinity of Amsterdam, Jews must travel by foot; when distances of more than 10
kilometers are involved the use of a train would be allowed “in certain
circumstances”.
December 20, 1941, Directive
Jews must report for work as quickly as possible. The German Delegate for Housing and
Settlement will initiate work projects. The Amsterdam Labor Exchange will conscript the
necessary number of men for work.
January 7, 1942, Directive
The Jewish Council must supply 1,402 Jewish unemployed for transport to labor camps in
Drente on January 10 at 10 a.m.
January 14, 1942, Order
All Jews in Zaandam are to be ready on January 17 for removal to Amsterdam. Jews married
to non-Jews have fourteen days grace.
January 1942, By-Law
Jews are debarred from entering Haarlem.
January 1942, Order
All stateless Jews in Hilversum are to be ready on January 29, for removal to Westerbork
[the Nazi transit camp]. All evacuees are required to hand to the police the keys of their
homes. Gas, water, and electricity are to be cut off.
January 1942, Order
Thirteen named families in Arnhem are ordered to Amsterdam.
January 1942, Order
Stateless Jews in the province of Zeeland are ordered out by March 24. Those in the
province of North Holland must leave by April.
February 9, 1942, Order
Stateless Jews are debarred Utrecht and are to be placed in Westerbork. [Includes thirty
German-Jewish children in the local Jewish orphanage.]
February 13, 1942, Decree
Verbal permits by the Jewish Council for travel by Jews can not extend to periods longer
than two days.
February 1942, Order
All Jewish owners of libraries are required to register their names.
March 5, 1942, Directive
The Jewish Council is to supply another 3000 Amsterdam Jews for labor camps.
March 20, 1942, Order
Jews are debarred from traveling in motor-cars.
March 25, 1942, Proclamation
“Jews are prohibited from contracting marriages or having sexual relations with
non-Jews.”
March 1942
Raid |
| Thirty Jews are arrested for
publishing their intention to marry non-Jews. [On May 7 the Jewish Council is told that
those arrested had been transferred to Amersfoort concentration camp. They must wear a
large “R” (Race Defiler) sewn onto their clothes.] |
March 1942, Order
Jews must register all household goods.
April 8, 1942, Order
Mixed marriages between Jews and non-Jews are disallowed. A marriage is mixed when either
partner bears a “J” on his identity card.
April 17, 1942, Decree
Art. I (1) All Jews appearing in public must wear a Jewish star.
Art. I (3) The Jewish star shall be a black, six-pointed star on
yellow material, the size of a palm, and bearing the black inscription Jood. The
star shall be clearly visible and affixed to the outer clothing over the left breast.
Art. I (4) Jews are debarred from wearing orders, decorations, and
other insignia.
April 29, 1942, Circular
Every Jew is entitled to a maximum of four stars against one clothing coupon. Price: 4
cents per star.
April 30, 1942, Circular
Children under 6 are exempt from wearing the star for the time being.
April 30, 1942, Decree
“Eligible for full membership in the Dutch Labor Front are all those Dutchmen who
earn their livelihood wholly or partly by their own work, and who are not…governing
the registration of Jewish businesses, scheduled as Jews.”
May 3, 1942, Police Telegram
All Jews who have been arrested for failure to wear the star are to be released with
written proof from the Jewish Council that it is due to a temporary shortage of supplies.
May 4, 1942, Police Telegram
The Telegram of May 3 is nullified. Further, the police must see to it that the stars are
so affixed as to “make it difficult to conceal them”.
May 11, 1942, Directive
The Jewish Council must supply another 3000 Jews for labor camps.
May 15, 1942, Instruction
Stars must be worn in courtyards, gardens, parks, and at open doors.
May 21, 1942, Instruction
Stars must be sewn on firmly—fastening them with pins is a punishable offense.
May 21, 1942, Decree
Section I: All outstanding claims are to be registered.
Section II: The maximum bank drawing for Jews is reduced from 1000 to
250 guilders per family.
Section III: Art collections, objets d’art, precious
metal objects and jewels are to be handed in to the authorities. Jews can keeps—
- “Wedding
rings including those of deceased marital partners”
- “Silver wrist
and pocket watches in personal use”
- “Table
silver, not exceeding four pieces per person”
- “Gold and
platinum teeth”
Section V: All horses and vehicles are to be registered.
May 29, 1942, Order
The Jewish Council is no longer allowed to issue travel permits. This task is henceforth
reserved for the German Zentralstelle.
May 29, 1942, Instruction
Fishing permits are not to be issued to Jews.
May 29, 1942,Instruction
Jews must buy their vegetables exclusively in Jewish shops and at Jewish markets.
May 1942, Order
Jews are prohibited from contracting civil marriages in Town Halls.
June 2, 1942, Order
Dutch Jews in Hilversum are to be ready between June 15 and 19 for removal to Amsterdam.
June 12, 1942, Instruction
“Every form of outdoor sport, including rowing, canoeing, swimming, tennis, football,
fishing, etc., must be deemed prohibited to Jews”.
June 22, 1942, Regulation
Jews are to hand in their bicycles not later than 1 p.m. on June 24. The bicycles must be
in good working condition. They must include spare tires and tubes.
Article 2: “It is prohibited to sell, hire or lend bicycles to
Jews.”
Article 3: Article 2 is not applicable to bicycles belonging to Jews
resident in Amsterdam.
June 25, 1942, Circular
Only Aryan doctors will decide the suitability of Jewish conscripts.
Use Of Aryan Doctors |
| In the space of seven hours
they passed some 1400 men. “Invalids, diabetics, heart and hernia cases, imbeciles
and asthmatics were all selected.” |
June 25, 1942, Circular
6000 more Jews are to be in the labor camps by July 31.
June 26, 1942, Meeting With Jewish
Council
“Police-controlled labor contingents” of men and women from sixteen to forty
years old are to be sent to Germany. [The Jewish Council agrees to offer from 350 to 375
persons per day; the Germans want 600. A compromise of 350 for the first eight days is
reached.]
July 13, 1942, Police Telegram
The “immediate dispersal” is ordered “of any Jews congregating on the
public highway, if necessary by force”.
July 14, 1942
German Security Police Raid |
700 Jews seized. Reason for
raid:
1. Jews have been inciting workers to strike.
2. Jews have refused to go to German labor camps.
3. Many Jews are not wearing their stars.
4. Many Jews have gone into hiding. |
July 15, 1942, Order
Jews are debarred from the use of home phones. [Private Jewish subscribers have their
telephones disconnected.]
July 15, 16 and 17, 1942
Transport |
The effort “went off
quite smoothly”. [German leadership draw the conclusion that in the future it will be
possible to dispatch 4000 Jews a week.]
|
H.C. Touw |
| “The children’s
parents were not allowed to wave them goodbye, not even from the doorway. Once the door
had shut behind these children, they had seen them for the last time.” |
July 20, 1942, Decree
Jews resident in Amsterdam are to turn in their bicycles.
July 1942, Instruction
Article I: Jews are debarred from the following occupations: Auctioneers, pawnbrokers,
employment agents, vocational, economic, financial and tax consultants, pharmacists,
marriage-brokers and tourist guides.
Article II: Jews are debarred from the following: Accountants,
specialist teachers, gymnastic instructors, naturopaths, oculists, chiropodists,
manicurists, pedicurists, masseurs, beauty specialists, hairdressers, etc.
Article III: Jews are restricted from trading in the sale of old
metal, rags, and offal
July 1942, “Second Order Governing
The Appearance Of Jews In Public”
Article I: “Jews must remain in their own homes from 8 p.m. to 6
a.m.”.
Article II: Jews are debarred from entering rooms, gardens and other
private accommodation belong to non-Jews and used for purposes of recuperation and
relaxation.
Article III: Jews are allowed to shop in non-Jewish businesses
between the hours of 3 and 5 p.m. only. Home deliveries are disallowed.
Article IV: Jews are debarred from non-Jewish hairdressers,
pedicurists, masseurs, etc.
Article V: Jews are debarred from “railway yards and any kind of
public or private transport”.
Article VI: Jews are debarred from the use of public telephone installations.
August 3, 1942
Appeal To Dutch Policemen Published In The Illegal De Waarheid |
“…think of your
human and professional duty—arrest no Jews and only make a show of carrying out
orders directed against them. Let them escape and go into hiding. Remember that every man,
every woman and every child you arrest will be killed and that you are their
murderer.”
|
August 3, 1942
Appeal To Railwaymen Published In The Illegal De Waarheid |
“Drivers! Remember that
every slave train you drive is taking its cargo straight to the shambles.”
|
August 6, 1942
Black Thursday Raid |
| "This raid lasted
throughout most of the day and part of the evening; the Germans picked up Jews in the
street or dragged them out of their houses, often with a great deal of brutality; there
were quite a few suicides. Why was this raid ordered? Too few Jews were reporting for transportation and the trains simply had to be
filled." |
August 7, 1942, Proclamation
"1. All Jews who have been called up but have not reported for labor service in
Germany will be arrested and sent to Mauthausen concentration camp.
2. All Jews not wearing the yellow star will be sent to Mauthausen concentration camp.
3. All Jews changing their addresses without express permission…will be sent to
Mauthausen concentration camp."
Target Practice |
| The Mauthausen death
camp Kommandant gives his son fifty Jews for target practice as a birthday present. |
August 9, 1942, raid Hundreds of Jews are dragged from their houses in
Amsterdam South.
Return |
