Sacrifice |
OT References |
Elements |
Purpose |
Burnt Offering |
Lev 1; 6:8-13; 8:18-21; 16:24 |
Bull, ram or male bird (dove or young pigeon for the poor); wholly consumed; no defect |
Voluntary act of worship; atonement for unintentional sin in general; expression of devotion, commitment and complete surrender to God |
Grain Offering |
Lev 2; 6:14-23 |
Grain, fine flour, olive oil, incense, baked bread (cakes or wafers), salt; no yeast or honey; accompanied burnt offering and fellowship offering (along with drink offering) |
Voluntary act of worship; recognition of God’s goodness and provisions; devotion to God |
Fellowship Offering |
Lev 3; 7:11-34 |
Any animal without defect from herd or flock; variety of breads |
Voluntary act of worship; thanksgiving and fellowship (it included a communal meal) |
Sin Offering |
Lev 4:1-5:13; 6:24-30; 8:14-17; 16:3-22 |
1. Young bull: for high priest and congregation 2. Male goat: for leader 3. Female goat or lamb: for common person 4. Dove or pigeon: for the poor 5. Tenth of an ephah of fine flour: for the very poor |
Mandatory atonement for specific unintentional sin; confession of sin; forgiveness of sin; cleansing from defilement |
Guilt Offering |
Lev 5:14-6:7; 7:1-6 |
Ram or lamb |
Mandatory atonement for unintentional sin requiring restitution; cleansing from defilement; make restitution; pay 20% fine |
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When more than one kind of offering was presented (as in Num 7:16,17), the procedure was usually as follows: (1) sin offering or guilt offering, (2) burnt offering, (3) fellowship offering and grain offering (along with a drink offering). This sequence furnishes part of the spiritual significance of the sacrificial system. First, sin had to be dealt with (sin offering or guilt offering). Second, the worshiper committed himself completely to God (burnt offering and grain offering). Third, fellowship or communion between the Lord, the priest and the worshiper (fellowship offering) was established. To state it another way, there were sacrifices of expiation )sin offerings and guilt offerings), consecration (burnt offerings and grain offerings) and communion (fellowship offerings – these included vow offerings, thank offerings and freewill offerings). |
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| Name in NIV | Passage | Name in KJV |
| Guilt offering | Lev 5:14-6:7 Lev 7:1-10 |
Trespass offering |
| Burnt offering | Lev 6:8-13 | Burnt offering |
| Grain offering | Lev 6:14-23 | Meat offering |
| Sin offering | Lev 6:24-30 | Sin offering |
| Fellowship offering |
Lev 7:11-34 | Sacrifice of
Peace offering |
Daniel 9:27
NIV "... In the middle of the 'seven' he will put an end to sacrifice and offering."
Daniel 12:11
NIV "From the time that the daily
sacrifice is abolished and ..."
These two verses describe the same point in time, the middle of
Daniel's 70th Week.
Hebrew Words that Describe the Thing
Ended
| English |
Hebrew |
Concord # |
| sacrifice |
zebach | H2077 |
| offering (oblation KJV) |
minchah | H4503 |
| daily
sacrifice or continual burnt offering |
tamiyd | H8548 |
Definitions from Strong's Concordance
H2077 zebach: The word
properly is slaughter, that is, the flesh
of an animal; by implication a sacrifice
(the victim or the act): -- offer(-ing), sacrifice.
H4503
minchah: The word means to apportion,
that is, bestow;
a donation; euphemistically tribute;
specifically a sacrificial offering
(usually bloodless and voluntary):
—gift, oblation, (meat) offering, present,
sacrifice.
H8548
tamiyd: From an
unused root meaning to stretch;
properly continuance (as indefinite extension);
but used only
(attributively as adjective) constant (or adverbially constantly);
elliptically the regular (daily) sacrifice:
— alway (-s), continual
(employment, -ly), daily, ([n-]) ever (-more), perpetual.
These 3 Hebrew terms: tamiyd, zebach and minchah appear together in Leviticus
6 & 7
where the sacrificial
system is defined, as shown in the chart above.
Leviticus 6:13 KJV "The fire
shall ever be burning upon the
altar; it shall never go out."
The word tamiyd
(daily sacrifice or
continual burnt offering), here translated as “ever”, is a reference to
the
offering that was ever burning before the Lord God. The Burnt, Sin
& Guilt
offerings were burned in the same place.
Leviticus 7:37
KJV "This is the
law of the burnt offering, of the meat
offering, and of the sin offering,
and of the trespass offering, and of the
consecrations, and of the sacrifice of the peace offerings;"
The words zebach
and minchah appear in the
summary list of the different types of offerings.
The two words cover the animal sacrifice and the grain (aka "meat")
offering which was voluntary.
Tamiyd is
a reference to the ever burning fire that represented the continual
presence of God.
It was attended daily by the priests and composed of the various animal
sacrifices.
It was a reminder of sin and the goal to live without it and thereby be
close to God.
Zebach and
Minchah reflect the two main
aspects of the sacrificial system:
Voluntary acts of praise and thanksgiving
Mandatory sacrifices for atonement
Conclusion
"Daily Sacrifice"
&
"Sacrifice and Offering"
are two short hand references to the whole
sacrificial system.