An effective conclusion will give your readers something to think about when they're done reading your essay.

Introduction

Essay Overview

Step 1: Mark Up the Prompt

Step 2: Prewrite for Ideas

Step 3: List & Develop Major Points

Step 4: Write a Thesis Statement

Step 5: Plan the Essay

Step 6: Write the Introduction

Step 7: Write the Conclusion

Step 8: Revise and Proofread

Step 9: Write the Final Draft

Step 10: Reread the Final Draft

Step 7: Write the Conclusion

THE CONCLUSION

Just as every essay has a clear beginning, it should have a clear ending. The last paragraph, also know as the conclusion, should make your essay sound finished.

The concluding paragraph typically has two parts:

1. The summary statement is one or two sentences which restate the thesis in a fresh way to reinforce the essay's main idea.
2. The clincher is a final thought which should create a lasting impression on the reader.

THE SUMMARY STATEMENT

The summary statement is an effective way to start your concluding paragraph because it helps to drive home the ideas you've expressed in your essay.

Look at your thesis statement again and rework it in a new way. Avoid repeating key words and phrases from the thesis statement because you don't want the summary statement to sound boring or repetitive. Using a thesaurus is a good way to find new, interesting words.

Here are some examples of thesis statements and summary statements:

Thesis Statement: Many Americans are buying the Toyota Corolla because of its competitive price, fuel economy, and high resale value.
Summary Statement: Reasonable pricing, low miles per gallon, and an attractive resale value have all contributed to the popularity of the Toyota Corolla in today's market.

Thesis Statement: San Francisco is a stimulating place to visit because of its magnificent location, its theaters and art galleries, and its many fine restaurants.
Summary Statement: If you love beautiful surroundings, world class theater and art, and an exquisite meal, then San Francisco is the place for you.

THE CLINCHER

The clincher, also referred to as the closer, is your last opportunity to connect with the reader. One way to make the most of this moment is to return to the technique you used for your grabber. Click on each type to read examples.

Complete the anecdote.

Make a prediction or recommendation based on the facts or statistics.

Ask a final rhetorical question.

Use a new quotation or refer back to the opening quotation.

Continue the original description of a character, setting, or object.

Here's an example of a concluding paragraph for the "favorite pet" essay that uses a quotation as the clincher:

As you write your conclusion, try to avoid the "so-as-you-can-see" ending and the "in conclusion my thesis statement proves that" or "states that" ending. All of these are overused and worn out. You've already made your thesis and reasoning clear. You don't need to tell us that you've just told us something.

  • Try writing a summary statement for your essay.
  • Add a thought-provoking clincher.
Related Links

Essay Conclusions
http://www.clearcf.uvic.ca/writersguide/Pages/Essay
WritingConclusions.html

Colossal Conclusion Confusion: How to Avoid a Calamity
http://www.bgsu.edu/offices/acen/writerslab/handouts/
concluding.htm

Writing Conclusions
http://www.richmond.edu/~writing/wweb/conclude.htm

Sample Conclusions
http://www.csuohio.edu/writingcenter/conceg.html

Ending the Essay: Conclusions
http://www.fas.harvard.edu/~wricntr/conclusi.html

Strategies for Writing a Conclusion
http://leo.stcloudstate.edu/acadwrite/conclude.html

A Brief Note About Conclusions
http://www.cstudies.ubc.ca/wc/workshop/tools/conclusions.htm

Conclusions
http://www.as.ysu.edu/~english/conclusions.html

The Conclusion
http://www.uga.berkeley.edu/apa/personalstatement/
conclusions.html

 

Step 8: Revise and Proofread