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IS IT 1984 YET? footnotes

by Joseph Miranda

(1) "Wiretap Technology Plan Pushed by F.B.I. Director," The New York Times,, February 28 1994, page 1.
(2) The clocks striking thirteen is also a reference to the militarization of society which developed during the Second World War. Military time use a twenty-four hour clock.
(3) William J. Bennett, The De-Valuing of America, New York: Summit Books, 1992. p. 33.
(4) Bennett. p. 256.
(5) Anthony Burgess, 1985. Boston: Little Brown, 1978. p. 96.
(6) John Locke, Second Treatise on Government, Indianapolis: Hackett Publishing Company, 1980, (ch. II, sec. 6); (ch. XI, sec. 134).
(7) I should note that this is true mainly of the "new" right which grew up in the wake of the 1960s. The "old right", as typified by William F. Buckley, jr. and Milton Friedman, have maintained a very strong pro-liberty stance. It is also interesting to note that many liberals have united with them in criticizing the state, such as Michael Kinsley and Anthony Lewis, all of whom have publicly opposed the "war on drugs."
(8) George Orwell, Nineteen Eighty-Four, Section Two, part III. There are so many different editions of Nineteen Eighty-Four that all citations from it will be by section and part number.
(9) George Orwell, Nineteen Eighty-Four, Section Two, part IX. This contains "The Theory and Practice of Oligarchical Collectivism," a book within the book, which explains Orwell¹s conception of how modern totalitarianism works.
(10) James Burnham, The Managerial Revolution. Newport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press, 1972, c. 1941; The Machiavellians: Defenders of Freedom. Washington DC: Regnery Gateway,1987, c. 1943.
(11) Sonia Orwell & Ian Angus, editors, The Collected Essays, Journalism, and Letters of George Orwell, vol. 4. London: Secker and Warburg, 1968, essays nrs. 46 and 82.
(12) Cynthia Cotts, "Hard Sell in the Drug War", The Nation magazine, March 9, 1992, pp. 300-302.
(13) George Orwell, Nineteen Eighty-Four. Section Two, part IX.
(14) This point was made quite well in Michael Radford¹s film version of Nineteen Eighty-Four, starring John Hurt and Richard Burton, filmed and released, appropriately enough, in the year 1984. Radford¹s film, being visual media, better portrayed the bleakness of Orwell¹s world. In the film, the telescreens continually broadcast film of the world war which is going on somewhere, footage which is obviously recycled World War II battle footage. Yet despite the blatant fabrication, the telescreens have no less power to draw people in.
(15) Orwell describes the process of a "hate" session in Coming Up for Air as well as in Nineteen Eighty-Four.
(16) For example, Family Support Payments amounted to 15 billion dollars of the 1992 budget, around 1 per cent of total federal expenditures. _____US Federal Budget, Washington DC: US Government Printing Office, 1993. Appendix, p. 28. Similarly, youth gangs committed 809 murders in the United States out of 22,540 in 1992, about 3.5% of the total. _____Uniform Crime Report, Washington DC: US Government Printing Office, 1993. Appendix, page 19.
(17) George Orwell, Nineteen Eighty-Four, Section Two, part IX.
(18) This is a practice, incidentally, which has been criticized by a number of senior Defense Department officials as being threatening to liberties in America. See, for example, Lt. Colonel Charles Dunlap, "The Origins of the American Military Coup of 2012," Parameters, Winter 1992-93.
(19) Select Committee on Narcotics Abuse and Control, The Anti-Drug Abuse Act of 1988: A Guide to Programs for State and Local Anti-Drug Assistance. Washington DC: US Government Printing Office, 1989. This should be read in its entirety to see how it effectively negates much of the Bill of Rights.
(20) Michael D. Bradbury, District Attorney, "Report of the Death of Donald Scott, Office of the District Attorney, County of Ventura, State of California, March 30, 1993.
(21) Review of International Narcotics Control Strategy Report: Mid Year Update, Hearings before the Commission on Foreign Affairs, House of Representatives, Second Session, October 7, 1989. U.S. Government Printing Office: Washington DC.
(22) George Orwell, Nineteen Eighty-Four, Section Two, part IX.
(23) Bernard Crick, ed. Orwell, 1984, Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1984, p.111.
(24) George Orwell, Nineteen Eighty-Four, Appendix.

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