Bufo marinus

Giant or Cane Toad

Linnaeus, 1758

Class: Amphibia
Order: Anura
Family: Bufonidae

Description

Coloration:
Size: S/V mm
Toe Length:
Teeth:
Skin: Highly rugose with 2 large parotid glands.
Vocalization:

Call

Distribution

Extreme southern Texas (USA) through tropical Mexico and Central America to northern South America (central Brazil and Peru); introduced widely (Antilles, Hawaii, Mauritius, Fiji, Philippines, Taiwan, Ryukyu Is., New Guinea, Australia, and many Pacific islands).

Habitat & Ecology

Information Pending

Reproduction

Information Pending

Conservation

Status: Considered a pest in areas of introduction. Readily inhabits disturbed habitat and urban areas.

Other Comments

Information Pending

References

Villa, J., Wilson, L.D., & J.D. Johnson 1988 Middle American Herpetology. Univ. of Missouri Press, 131 pp.
Frank, N., & E. Ramus 1996 A Complete Guide to Scientific and Common Names of Reptiles and Amphibians of the World. NG Publishing, 337 pp.

Other Available References from Amphibian Species of the World

Rana marina Linnaeus, 1758, Syst. Nat., Ed. 10, 1: 211. Type(s): Not designated; seemingly based on illustration in Seba, 1734, Thesaurus, 3: 1-37, 22 pls. Type locality: America; restricted by Müller and Hellmich, 1936, Wiss. Ergebn. Deutsch. Gran Chaco-Exped., Amph. Rept.: 4, to Surinam.
Bufo brasiliensis Laurenti, 1768, Synops. Rept.: 26. Types and type locality not designated. Synonymy by Nieden, 1923, Das Tierreich, 46: 138.
Rana gigas Wallbaum, 1784, Schrift. Ges. Naturf. Freunde Berlin, 5: 284. Types: formerly in Endler collection, now lost, according to Smith, Schneider, and Smith, 1977, 11: 423. Type locality: Virginia, considered to be in error in the original description. Synonymy by Smith, Schneider, and Smith, 1977, J. Herpetol., 11: 423-425.
Bufo marinus--Schneider, 1799, Hist. Amph., 1: 219.
Bufo agua Latreille, 1801, In Sonnini and Latreille, Hist. Nat. Rept.: 13. Types: XXXX. Type locality: Brazil and Cuba; Daudin, 1802, Hist. Nat. Rain. Gren. Crap.: 99. Synonymy by Duméril and Bibron, 1841, Erp. Gén., 8: 704; Peters, 1863, Monatsber. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, 1863: 81; Boulenger, 1882, Cat. Batr. Sal. Brit. Mus.: 315.
Bufo horridus Daudin, 1802, Hist. Nat. Rain. Gren. Crap.: 97. Types: Unknown. Type locality: Not stated. Synonymy by Günther, 1859 "1858", Cat. Batr. Sal. Coll. Brit. Mus.: 61 (with Bufo agua); by Boulenger, 1882, Cat. Batr. Sal. Brit. Mus.: 315.
Bufo humeralis Daudin, 1803, Hist. Nat. Gen. Part. Rept., 8: 205. Types: Unknown, possibly in MNHN. Type locality: "Cayenne". Synonymy by Duméril and Bibron, 1841, Erp. Gén., 8: 705; Günther, 1859 "1858", Cat. Batr. Sal. Coll. Brit. Mus.: 61 (with Bufo agua); Boulenger, 1882, Cat. Batr. Sal. Brit. Mus.: 315.
Bombinator horridus--Merrem, 1820, Tent. Syst. Amph.: 179.
Bufo maculiventris Spix, 1824, Spec. Nov. Testud. Ran. Brasil.: 45. Syntypes: Not traced. Type locality: "in sylvis et aquis palodosis ad ripam flumins Solimoens", Brazil. Synonymy by Duméril and Bibron, 1841, Erp. Gén., 8: 704; Peters, 1872, Monatsber. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, 1872: 226; Boulenger, 1882, Cat. Batr. Sal. Brit. Mus.: 315.
Bufo lazarus Spix, 1824, Spec. Nov. Testud. Ran. Brasil.: 45. Types: Not traced. Type locality: "Amazonfluss". Synonymy by Duméril and Bibron, 1841, Erp. Gén., 8: 704; Günther, 1859 "1858", Cat. Batr. Sal. Coll. Brit. Mus.: 61 (with Bufo agua); Peters, 1872, Monatsber. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, 1872: 226; Boulenger, 1882, Cat. Batr. Sal. Brit. Mus.: 315.
Bufo albicans Spix, 1824, Spec. Nov. Testud. Ran. Brasil.: XX. Types: Not traced. Type locality:
XXXXX. Synonymy by Peters, 1872, Monatsber. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, 1872: 226.
Bufo horribilis Wiegmann, 1833, Isis von Oken, 26: 654. Syntypes: ZMB 3479 81 and 3493 according to Peters, 1863, Monatsber. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, 1863: 81. Type locality: "in der Umgegend von Vera Cruze", Mexico; rendered as "Misantla and Veracruz, Mexico: by Smith and Taylor, 1948, Bull. U.S. Natl. Mus., 194: 41. Restricted to "Veracruz, Veracruz, Mexico" by Smith and Taylor, 1952a,
XXXXX: 800. Synonymy by Nieden, 1923, Das Tierreich, 46: 138; Duellman, 1961, Univ. Kansas Publ., Mus. Nat. Hist., 15: XXX..
Docidophryne agua--Fitzinger, 1843, Syst. Rept.: 32.
Docidophryne lazarus--Fitzinger, 1861, Sitzungsber. Akad. Wiss. Wien, Math. Naturwiss. Kl., 42: 415.
Phrynoidis agua--Cope, 1862, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 14: 358.
Bufo pithecodactylus Werner, 1899, Verh. Zool. Bot. Ges. Wien, 49: 481. Holotype: ZFMK 27999 (by implication) by Böhme and Bischoff, 1984, Bonn. Zool. Monogr., 19: 178. Type locality: "La Union", Colombia. Provisional synonymy by Boulenger, 1900 "1899", Zool. Rec., 36: 29. Synonymy by Nieden, 1923, Das Tierreich, 46: 138.
Bufo marinus agua--Gadow, 1901, Amphibia and Reptiles: 178. Bufo angustipes Taylor and Smith, 1945, Proc. U.S. Natl. Mus., 95: 553. Holotype: USNM 116513. Type locality: "La Esperanza, Chiapas", Mexico. Synonymy by Duellman, 1961, Univ. Kansas Publ., Mus. Nat. Hist., 15: XXX.
Bufo marinus--Barbour and Noble, 1920, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 63: 425.
Bufo marinus marinus--Schmidt, 1932, Zool. Ser., Field Mus. Nat. Hist., 18: 159.
Bufo pythecodactylus--Rivero, 1961, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 126: 27. Incorrect subsequent spelling.
Bufo marinus horribilis--Cei, Erspamer, and Roseghini, 1968, Syst. Zool., 17: 239.