

X-Intended-For:Date: Sun, 8 Sep 1996 22:27:49 -0500 X-Sender: tbc@phoenix.net Thank you for your interest in The Bridge Companion. The attached material contains a text only version of an array of articles previously published. A hard copy is available free of charge to US domestic customers. If you have already sent your physical address, your copy will arrive shortly. Gary King tbc@phoenix.net The Bridge Companion PO Box 752652 Houston, TX 77275-2652 --------------------------------------- Greetings bridge player! This is an electronic sampler of articles previously published in The Bridge Companion. The Bridge Companion is a 12 page newsletter specifically designed for the non-expert or advancing contract bridge player. It published 6 times per year. The subscription rate is $24 per year for US domestic customers and $40 per year for international customers. Domestic US residents may request a hard copy sample by forwarding a US mail address (sorry, postage costs make offering this to international customers prohibitive). The Bridge Companion has been in publication since July of 1994. Back issues are available, see the order form at the end of this document. The articles shown here are only a small sample. There are other periodic features that are not illustrated. As always, your comment and feedback are welcome. (c) Copyright 1996 by Houston Card School. All rights are reserved. You may freely distribute this text file without charge and without prior permission as long as you do so in its entirety and without alteration. --------------------------------------- Articles included in this transmission: Included in Part One: I Can Lead You to the Table, But I Can't Make You Think! (Jul/Aug 1994 - Issue No. 1) A statement of the newsletter philosophy and a description of the target audience. Step by Step (Jul/Aug 1995 - Issue No. 7) A regular feature in The Bridge Companion. This article helps train you in good hand analysis and selection skills. The reader is taken through a series of panels (located on different pages to make the reader stop and think before moving on) that imitate the thinking process that occurs during the bidding and play of a bridge hand. Captain - Crew (Jul/Aug 1994 - Issue No. 1) Each player in a bridge auction has a role to play and a job to do. This short article sets the ground rules. Plan the Play (Jul/Aug 1994 - Issue No. 1) There are 53,644,737,765,488,792,839,237,440,000 possible bridge hands. This regular feature teaches and lets you practice skills associated with declarer play. Interpret the Bidding (Mar/Apr 1995 - Issue No. 5) Auctions are given and the reader is asked to completely described what information is known about the respective hands. Bidding Challenge (Nov/Dec 1995 - Issue No. 9) A regular feature that helps to develop partnership bidding skills. Four West hands and four East hands are provided. Any West hand will fit with any East hand. The sixteen combinations help you gain an understanding of how different hands are bid and decisions reached. Included in Part Two: Short Hand versus Long Hand (Sep/Oct 1994 - Issue No. 2) An article discussing the use of the trump suit to provide EXTRA tricks. Modern Bidding System Summary An outline view of modern basic Standard American bidding. Hand evaluation, opening bids, responses, rebids, and competitive bids. Not any finer points, just the basics. Top Ten Reasons Why You Should Subscribe.... A list just in case you have any doubts. The Bridge Companion Order Form --------------------------------------- I Can Lead You to the Table, But I Can't Make You Think! (Jul/Aug 1994 - Issue No. 1) In the world today we expect immediate gratification. Cable television provides us with live news from all over the world, we get instant account balances and cash through the use of bank ATM machines, fast food restaurants are springing up on every corner, and we use cellular telephones so we can talk from the car. It is a wonder that we have the TIME to do anything. Contract bridge can be fascinating to those at any skill level. Four beginners that learned to play yesterday can have as much fun as four world champions. It is only when you have a large disparity (two world champions and two beginners at the same table) that no one has an enjoyable time. It takes TIME to become proficient. The time you put into practicing the skills of the game will come back to you many times over. The secret is the more you learn, the more interesting and challenging it becomes. The analogy I like to use is that bridge is like a ladder that extends from the ground up into the clouds. You cannot see the top of the ladder. Each time you learn something about the game you get to step up one rung. The beauty is that each time you take a step up the ladder you can see a little more horizon. Each time you step up the ladder there is more for you to understand and appreciate. This is the reason why you will never tire of this game. Do any of these comments sound familiar? - I played years ago but never really knew anything. - I am so bad that no one would want to play with me. - I could never go to that bridge club because they are much better than I am. - I am very self conscious about my bridge game. - I feel like I am the worst player in my group. - I sure wish I knew more so that I don't feel like I am always holding up the game. - My husband/wife/friend is much better than I am. - I don't play often enough to keep my skills sharp or remember what to do! As a bridge teacher I have seen and heard these comments on more than one occasion and several things are very clear. No. 1- Most people have a lower opinion of their bridge game than they should. No. 2- Beginner players/students need to practice their skills in order to become comfortable with the game. Practice is a definitely a quality issue. You can play for hours on end, but without the proper positive feedback it will take you a long while to become proficient. Playing with the same foursome can be fun, but it is also a relatively slow way of improving your skills. This is especially true when you are a non expert player. All of this discussion brings us as to the reason for this newsletter. It will provide the non expert player with the practice materials that you need in order to improve your bridge game. The quizzes, exercises, puzzles, and articles are designed to focus on and emphasize particular points. They are designed to give you the UNDERSTANDING that you need. Some of the newsletter material is designed for you to work on alone. Other features allow you and partner to work on your game together. It also provides a regular and periodic means of continuing your education (even during those periods when you are not able to play regularly). If you even partially apply yourself to the material in six issues of this newsletter you won't have to listen to the expert in your local bridge group, you will BE the expert. Topics to be covered will include all aspects of the game including bidding, play, and defense. Occasionally I will also present a finer point for those slightly more experienced players that may be beginning to play in a novice duplicate game. Take your time and look over the material in this SAMPLER. Work the problems and do the exercises with partner and see if you don't agree that it will help your bridge game. SUBSCRIBE NOW so that you don't miss a single issue! --------------------------------------- Step by Step (Jul/Aug 1995 - Issue No. 7) Instructions: Step by Step is a bridge problem presented in serial form. Read each panel and work out the answer to the question or questions asked before turning to the continuation. This is similar to the thinking process you should go through as you bid and play a hand. There are a total of three panels in this problem. Panel 1 Sitting South as dealer you pick up: S K83 H AKQ72 D 3 C A652 A good hand and definitely worthy of an opening bid. As an initial evaluation the hand is in the medium strength group worth 17 points (16 in honor cards plus 1 for the 5 card heart suit). The hand is unbalanced and the longest suit is hearts. You open 1H and the auction proceeds: 1H - Pass - 2H - Pass, back to you ?? A fit in hearts! What else do you know about partner’s hand? Is 2H signoff, invitational, or forcing? What instructions has the captain (partner) given? The 2H bid is invitational. You are allowed to pass when game values are not present, bid game when game values are present, and keep the bidding open when it is not yet clear. Your side will play with hearts as trump. Only the level question remains unanswered. You should re-evaluate your hand based upon the shortness method. What is the value of your hand now that hearts are agreed as trump? 16 Honor card points + ?? Distribution points = ?? Total points With the singleton diamond now a confirmed working value your hand has moved into the maximum strength category, worth a full 19 points (the singleton diamond adds 3 points). What do you rebid? Pass? 3H? 4H? Decided before turning to the next panel. Panel 2 North (dummy) S 954 H J84 D A9652 C J7 South (you/declarer) S K83 H AKQ72 D 3 C A652 With a maximum strength hand the proper rebid is 4H. What is your objective? How need ?? winners. You can afford ?? losers. How would you expect the missing five trumps to be divided? How many sure winners do you have? How many losers in the spade suit? How many losers in the heart suit? How many losers in the diamond suit? How many losers in the club suit? In which suits can you possibly dispose of a loser? C? D? H? S? Answer: Your objective is 10 winners and you can afford 3 losers. Since you are missing 5 hearts you would expect them to divide 3-2 most of the time. As long as hearts divide reasonably you have 7 sure winners (5 hearts, 1 diamond, and 1 club). The spade suit has 3 potential losers. The heart and diamond suit have no losers. The club suit has 3 potential losers. Remember, count losers with respect to just one hand, usually declarer’s hand. Of the 6 potential losers you will have to dispose of at least 3. What technique would you use in the case of each suit in order to dispose of a loser? In clubs? In spades? In clubs you can dispose of 2 losers by trumping them in dummy. In spades you might dispose of a loser by means of a finesse. If East holds the spade ace then the finesse will succeed. The opening lead is the diamond king which you win with the diamond ace. What do you lead to trick two? Panel 3 You will have to delay pulling trump. You have a need for the trumps in the dummy. In order to trump clubs in the dummy you will have to prepare the way. Cash the ace of clubs at trick two and then lose a club trick as trick three. This allows you to begin trumping your losing clubs when you regain the lead. What about the spade finesse? When will you take it? When you trump the first club in the dummy you will take the spade finesse as a means of getting back to the South hand. When do you pull trump? Only after you have trumped the second club in the dummy should you lead the heart suit. What ten tricks will you win if your plan is to be successful? The ten winners will be five hearts in the South hand, the ace of diamonds, the ace of clubs, the king of spades, and two hearts in the dummy by trumping clubs. What situation needs to exist with the spade suit for your plan to be successful? What situation needs to exist with the club suit for your plan to be successful? For the spade finesse to work the ace of spades must be in the East hand which is a 50% chance. To be able to trump two clubs in the dummy the suit must divide 4-3 so that neither opponent can overtrump the dummy. To be even more certain you should trump the second club with the jack of hearts. A 4-3 division is expected and occurs about 70%-80% of the time. Since you need BOTH of these to occur your overall chances of success are about 35%-40%. North (dummy) S 954 H J84 D A9652 C J7 West (LHO) S Q1062 H 93 D KQ4 C Q1043 East (RHO) S AJ7 H 1065 D J1087 C K98 South (you/declarer) S K83 H AKQ72 D 3 C A652 --------------------------------------- Captain - Crew (Jul/Aug 1994 - Issue No. 1) Most students bring a hand with a problem and start the conversation with, "I was trying to tell partner that....". That's usually the problem! Everyone is busily TELLING and nobody is busy LISTENING. Take a simple auction: North South 1NT ?? Which member of the North-South partnership has the most information about the combined assets of N-S? The answer is South, of course. South knows that partner has a balanced hand and 16, 17, or 18 points. South also knows exactly what assets that he holds. North, on the other hand, only knows what is in his hand and knows NOTHING about South's hand. As it turns out, responder is always in the position of knowing the most about the combined hands. As a result, the RESPONDER is the captain. It is the captain’s job to steer the partnership to the correct contract. The captain is constantly trying to answer the two bidding questions: What level? What denomination? That translates to: responder being the LISTENER. The collector of information. It is the responder's job to get the partnership to the right contract. Opener is the DESCRIBER, the crew, the teller of information. It is the opener's job to describe their hand as accurately as possible so that the captain can make a good decision. As with most conversations, it works so much better when everyone understands their role. One person talks and the other listens. Responder makes the final decision or issues conditional orders. --------------------------------------- Plan the Play (Jul/Aug 1994 - Issue No. 1) There are 53,644,737,765,488,792,839,237,440,000 possible bridge deals. You do not have enough time to learn how to play everyone of them. What you do have time to learn is a problem solving PROCESS. A process that you can apply to every bridge hand that you encounter. You must have a PLAN. After the auction is over and while your left hand opponent is considering the opening lead, you should begin the following four step planning process. You should do it on every hand that you play. Continue with the process after dummy is tabled and do NOT play the first card from dummy until you are at the last step. Step One - Pause Determine your objective. How many tricks do you need in order to make your contract? It is critical that you convert the contract into a number of tricks. Don’t think 3NT. Think 9 tricks. Don’t think 4H. Think 10 tricks and no more than 3 losers. The contract by itself is too abstract for your mind to focus on, however a number of tricks or a number of losers is more easily grasped. Put your goal in terms with which you can work. Step Two - Look Count your winners and losers. It is usually best to count winners at no trump contracts and losers at suit contracts. You know your objective. How many tricks do you have? These are SURE tricks. Tricks that you could cash right now. If you don’t own the ace then you don’t have any SURE tricks in that suit. Step Three - Alternatives Identify all the places that offer the possibility of trick development. Do not select any alternative until you have identified all the possibilities. Choices would include the use of promotion, length, finesse, trumping in the dummy, discarding losers, or any combination of these. Step Four - Now Play the FIRST card from dummy. You wouldn’t get on an airplane without knowing it’s destination would you? Don’t start playing cards to the hand until you know where you intend to develop your tricks. Practice Hands No. 1 Dummy S A54 H 743 D AQ C K10987 Declarer S K76 H A52 D K852 C QJ4 Contract: 3NT What is your objective? How many SURE tricks do you have? Which suit offers the greatest potential for the additional tricks that you need? What method will you use to develop the additional tricks that you need? No. 2 Dummy S 976 H 3 D A9753 C A643 Declarer S AKQ83 H A54 D 84 C 752 Contract: 4S What is your objective? How many losers do you have? Can you dispose of any losers? In which suit? What method will you use to get rid of any losers? What will be your 10 winners? No. 3 Dummy S A5 H 7432 D AQ C K10987 Declarer S K7 H 10986 D KJ85 C AQ4 Contract: 4H What is your objective? How many losers do you have? The only suit with losers is trumps. You are missing 5 trumps. How would expect them to be divided between the opponent’s hands? If they split as expected can you make 4H? What method will you use to develop the additional tricks that you need? Results from the Practice Hands No. 1 - In 3NT your objective is 9 tricks. You start with exactly 6 SURE tricks (2 spades, 1 heart, and 3 diamonds). The club suit offers the greatest potential for developing extra tricks by means of promotion. By driving out the §A we will develop 4 additional SURE club tricks. No. 2 - In 4S your objective is to limit your losers to 3. You have no losers in the spade suit as long as it behaves as expected (3-2 break). In the side suits you have 2 heart losers, 1 diamond loser, and 2 club losers. The best play for disposing of losers is trumping your heart losers in the dummy. Before pulling trump, ruff (another word for trump) two hearts with the little spades in dummy. Your 10 winners will be 5 spades, 1 heart, 2 heart ruffs in the dummy, 1 diamond, and 1 club. No. 3 - In 4H your objective is to limit your losers to 3. You have no losers in any suit outside of hearts (trumps). Holding 8 hearts leaves 5 for the opponents. When missing 5 cards in a suit you expect them to be distributed 3-2 more than half of the time. If you lead hearts 3 times and the suit breaks as we expect, you will have only 3 losers on this hand. Your 10 winners will be 2 spades, 1 heart, 4 diamonds, and 3 clubs. --------------------------------------- Interpret the Bidding (Mar/Apr 1995 - Issue No. 5) Instructions: Three auctions are given. For each auction answer the questions listed. Responder is the captain. Opener is the teller/describer. Responder is the collector of information and the final decision maker. The auctions are per the Modern Bidding Summary. The answers and brief narrative is given. #1 N S 1C 1S 2H 3S 4S Pass #2 N S 1D 1S 2NT 3S 4S Pass #3 N S 1S 2NT 3H 3NT 4S Pass Point Value Based upon the entire auction, what are the upper and lower limits for each hand? Shape Based upon the auction, are these hands balanced, unbalanced, or can you tell? Distribution Based upon the entire auction, what are the possible holdings in the indicated suits? #1 North: Minimum value: Maximum value: South: Minimum value: Maximum value: North: Balanced? Unbalanced? Can’t tell? South: Balanced? Unbalanced? Can’t tell? A. How many spades are in the North hand? B. How many spades are in the South hand? C. How many clubs are in the North hand? D. How many hearts are in the North hand? #2 North: Minimum value: Maximum value: South: Minimum value: Maximum value: North: Balanced? Unbalanced? Can’t tell? South: Balanced? Unbalanced? Can’t tell? A. How many spades are in the North hand? B. How many spades are in the South hand? C. How many diamonds are in the North hand? D. How many hearts are in the South hand? #3 North: Minimum value: Maximum value: South: Minimum value: Maximum value: North: Balanced? Unbalanced? Can’t tell? South: Balanced? Unbalanced? Can’t tell? A. How many spades are in the North hand? B. How many hearts are in the North hand? C. How many spades are in the South hand? D. How many hearts are in the South hand? Answers #1 North opened 1C and rebid 2H. This is known as a reverse (opener bid the suits in reverse order from the norm or expected order). A reverse shows a medium or maximum strength hand (17-21) and the first suit is always longer. The South hand is 11- 12 points. Responder rebids a suit previously bid by the partnership at the 3 level with 11- 12. North is unbalanced with at least 5 clubs, at least 4 hearts, and at least 2 spades. South’s 3S rebid shows a 6+ card suit and South is therefore unbalanced. North could have 2 or 3 spades. With 4 spades North would support spades immediately and with none or one would bid 3NT over the 3S rebid by responder. South has at least 6 spades. North has at least 5 clubs but might occasionally have 6. North has exactly 4 hearts. #2 North opened 1D and rebid 2NT to show a balanced hand too powerful to open 1NT. North’s minimum would be 19 and the maximum 21. South needed 6 points to respond 1S. After North rebid 2NT the partnership had game values and so South is forced to bid. However, South expressed no interest in a slam and therefore is limited to a maximum of 11 (11+ 21=32). North is definitely balanced. South may or may not be balanced, it is impossible to tell from the auction. North should have exactly 3 spades. With 4 North would have supported spades immediately and with only 2 North would have bid 3NT over 3S. South should have exactly 5 spades. With only 4 spades and no support from opener, responder would have bid 3NT over 2NT. With 6 or more spades South would have bid 4S directly over 2NT. North may have 4 or 5 diamonds and still be balanced. North can no longer have a 3 card diamond suit. The only hand you open with a 3 card diamond suit has 4 cards in both majors (4-4-3-2). With 4 spades opener would have supported spades immediately and not rebid 2NT. South cannot have more than 3 hearts. With a 4 card heart suit (or longer) South would have explored for a possible heart fit. #3 North had to have 13 points to open the bidding. South response of 2NT shows exactly 13- 15 points, so the upper limit for North is 17 because there was no move to investigate slam (17+15=32). North is unbalanced. South must be balanced to respond 2NT. North must have 6 spades or more to insist on 4S without support from South. North has exactly 4 hearts (second suit). With 5 hearts and 5 or 6 spades North would have rebid hearts again over 3NT to insist South choose spades or hearts. South should have exactly 2 spades to bid 2NT. South must be balanced and has only 2 spades and does not have 4 hearts (the 3NT rebid). Therefore South has exactly 3 hearts. --------------------------------------- Bidding Challenge (Nov/Dec 1995 - Issue No. 9) Instructions: Bidding Challenge is an exercise to work with partner. There are four West hands and four East hands shown below. Bid each West hand with each East hand. That provides a total of sixteen different hands to bid together. As you do the exercise notice how you choose to bid each hand. Take note of the similarities and differences as you bid the same hand with four different hands from partner. Either you and/or partner should record the auction and the hand numbers. The West hands are labeled [1] through [4] and the East hands are labeled [A] through [D]. On Pages 6-7 you will find the correct auction for each of the sixteen possible combinations ([1][A], [3][C], [4][D], etc.). You may find it easier to bid only three or four hands before stopping to look up the proper auctions and discuss the results with partner. West Hands [1] S A H 108764 D AKQ106 C 76 [2] S A54 H Q10874 D K106 C KQ [3] S AJ65 H Q874 D AQ106 C 9 [4] S --- H Q108764 D AKQ106 C Q7 East Hands [A] S KQ97 H K932 D 987 C 108 [B] S K10973 H AK53 D 85 C 85 [C] S Q10973 H AK952 D --- C 1085 [D] S Q973 H A3 D J9 C A10854 Results [1][A] West S A H 108764 D AKQ106 C 76 East S KQ97 H K932 D 987 C 108 W E 1H 2H 3H 4H Pass A marginal game contract, but one most players would reach. The defense needs to collect the club tricks before declarer gets to the dummy to discard them on the extra spade winners. [1][B] West S A H 108764 D AKQ106 C 76 East S K10973 H AK53 D 85 C 85 W E 1H 3H 4H Pass A great game contract. You should make this without trouble. [1][C] West S A H 108764 D AKQ106 C 76 East S Q10973 H AK952 D --- C 1085 W E 1H 1S 2D 4H Pass This time if the defense does not collect the club tricks at tricks one and two, declarer will make seven! [1][D] West S A H 108764 D AKQ106 C 76 East S Q973 H A3 D J9 C A10854 W E 1H 1S 2D 2NT 3NT Pass Eight sure tricks with possibilities for developing tricks in clubs or hearts by means of length. You should work on hearts because virtually all of your entries are in the West hand. Maybe the opponents will set up the spade queen for your ninth trick. [2][A] West S A54 H Q10874 D K106 C KQ East S KQ97 H K932 D 987 C 108 W E 1H 2H Pass The best you can hope for is 10 tricks. More likely 8 or 9. [2][B] West S A54 H Q10874 D K106 C KQ East S K10973 H AK53 D 85 C 85 W E 1H 3H 4H Pass Try to set up spades before falling back on the diamond finesse. [2][C] West S A54 H Q10874 D K106 C KQ East S Q10973 H AK952 D --- C 1085 W E 1H 1S 1NT 4H Pass King of diamonds is wasted. 10 tricks for sure, possibly 11. [2][D] West S A54 H Q10874 D K106 C KQ East S Q973 H A3 D J9 C A10854 W E 1H 1S 1NT 2NT 3NT Pass It will difficult for the defense not to give you at least 1 easy trick. If clubs come home for 5 tricks you will likely make it. [3][A] West S AJ65 H Q874 D AQ106 C 9 East S KQ97 H K932 D 987 C 108 W E 1D 1H 2H Pass A fit in both majors, hard to go wrong. 8 to 10 tricks are possible with 9 tricks is the most likely. [3][B] West S AJ65 H Q874 D AQ106 C 9 East S K10973 H AK53 D 85 C 85 W E 1D 1S 2S 3S 4S Pass A very sound contract. Even if you miss guess-guess the spade queen and the diamond finesse loses you should make 10 tricks. If everything works you could make 12 tricks! [3][C] West S AJ65 H Q874 D AQ106 C 9 East S Q10973 H AK952 D --- C 1085 W E 1D 1S 2S 4S Pass Another double fit. Twelve tricks depend only on a simple spade finesse. [3][D] West S AJ65 H Q874 D AQ106 C 9 East S Q973 H A3 D J9 C A10854 W E 1D 1S 2S 4S Pass These hands don’t fit together quite as well. Trump hearts in the East. [4][A] West S --- H Q108764 D AKQ106 C Q7 East S KQ97 H K932 D 987 C 108 W E 1H 2H 3D 4H Pass [4][B] West S --- H Q108764 D AKQ106 C Q7 East S K10973 H AK53 D 85 C 85 W E 1H 3H 3S 4H Pass 3S is a slam try. East with nothing to cue bid signs off in game. [4][C] West S --- H Q108764 D AKQ106 C Q7 East S Q10973 H AK952 D --- C 1085 W E 1H 1S 2D 4H 4S 5D 5H Pass The 4S and 5D bids were cue bids. West signs off below slam when the hands do not fit together very well. The duplication in diamonds. [4][D] West S --- H Q108764 D AKQ106 C Q7 East S Q973 H A3 D J9 C A10854 W E 1H 1S 2D 2NT 4H Pass --------------------------------------- Continued in Part Two! ---------------------------------------
SEE PART 2


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