TULLN AIR BASE-1944

The first air raids on the Vienna area and the German defenses occurred in August of 1943 and were made by the 15th US Air Force.

In the summer of 1944, Langenlebarn became an important landing field for German night hunters. Langenlebarn Air Base was used as the interim airfield for German hunter airplanes to attack American bomber formations. Flight Student Ludwig Schranner logged this information in his diary on June 19th:

flak gun
"....Tulln is the only unscathed airfield in the vicinity of Vienna. It is an extremely important night hunter air base. Here, the night hunters land, refuel, and pick up more ammunition. The Base is marked at night by a big, shining letter "I" on the runway as a visual sign for the night hunters. Enemy bombers can also see this sign. For this reason, our Base is in extreme danger of air raids. Therefore, we have many defensive weapons. Our Base is loaded with very heavy Flak MG-131’s, and 2 cm Flak-38 anti-aircraft guns...."

On Monday, June 26th, a big air battle occurred over the Tulln airfield. As a result of this battle, eight American planes are shot down in the area of the airfield. Seventy-seven American air crewmen survived from the eight downed bombers. Flying student Ludwig Schranner wrote down the events of this day in his diary:

...."At about 1000 hours, approximately 300 B-24 Liberators appeared coming from a raid on Vienna and were on a homeward bound course. Suddenly approximately 40 Fw-190’s and Bf-109’s appeared. In a flash, the Liberators were directly over our station in disorder. In short time, 12 Liberators are shot down along with 3 Bf-109’s. Some of the American air crewmen landed with their parachutes on our air base and are taken prisoner. These are young, dashing, nice young lads not older than ourselves. We, also, talked with them and they said that they were very impressed by the German hunters. Shortly, the German hunters land in order to refuel again and to load new ammunition...."

Luftschule 7
Airborne view of War School 7 (Tulln Air Base) in 1944
Several American air crews that had crashed or parachuted into the Danube meadowlands were caught in the course of a few days and were temporarily handed over to the Air-War-School 7 (Tulln Air Base). Of the eight downed American planes, two dead crewmen could not be identified and were buried in the presence of allied prisoners of war at the graveyard of Tulln. On one of the dead American crewmen that had drowned in the Danube, German soldiers found a card of the Tulln Air Base. On this card was a map of Tulln/Langenlebarn and the surrounding area. This map could not be explained for the moment. It turned out later, that this was a special map of the air field area and meant that this Base was not to be attacked.

On this day, the 15th US Air Force suffered heavy losses. They lost 28 Consolidated B-24s and one North American P-51. Of those who were shot down, two B-24s crashed in Burgenland; twenty-four B-24s and one P-51 crashed in Lower Austria; and four B-24s crashed in Styria.

On Saturday July 8th, another big attack by the 15th Air Force took place on targets in the Vienna area. The bomber formation consisted of approximately 520 bombers that were escorted by 200 fighter aircraft for protection. Part of the German Hunter Squadron 77 was transferred from the Italian airfield in Ghedi as part of the hunter forces at Tulln/Langenlebarn.

In his book: History of "Hunter Squadron 77" part 4, Jochen Prien describes, in 1983, the events of July 8th, 1944 as follows:

"....Both the Tulln and Ghedi hunter groups were to be put into the air battle over the Viermot-Einflüge sector. Hunters from Ghedi were transferred to Tulln for joint participation.

0802 - 0930 hours: After the aircraft from Ghedi Air Base arrived at Tulln, it turned out that Hunter Squadron 77 had landed before them and the ground support personnel could not furnish the requirements of these hunters. Namely, quick refueling of the Messerschmitts. This created big difficulties in making preparations......"

"....The first bombers were within 20 km when the air raid alarm sounded and the first P-38 Lightnings were sighted. Eight Bf-109s had not been fueled. In order not to get caught on the ground, the Commander gave the start command, and they taxied through the parked training airplanes of the war school. Shortly after takeoff, the fighters were in combat with the Lightnings. Since their spare tanks had to be dropped off, the bombers could not be attacked......"

"....In early evening, the hunters returned from Tulln to Ghedi and Bettola, Italy, where they landed at 2045 hours...."

With this kind of organization, Captain Baumann said he could launch a P-38 and the Bf-109 would lose.

On the next day, Sunday, July 9th, as a part of the 77th Hunt Squadron events at Tulln/Langenlebarn, Jochen Prien writes on page 1984:

"....Since more air raids were expected on the Vienna area, the 77th Squadron were ready and waiting at Tulln, but the 15th US Air Force directed their attacks against the Romanian petroleum area. The 77th returned to Bettola and Ghedi at about 1040 hours....."

On Friday, July 14th, 1944, airplanes of the IV Strum/JG 3 (IV Storm/Hunter Group 3) landed at Tulln. After the airplanes had been refueled they returned to Memmingen.

On Saturday, July 15th, the 77th were transferred from Ghedi to Langenlebarn again. Jochen Prien writes on page 1987:

"....The 77th Hunter Squadron flew once again to Tulln on July 15th, 1944, anticipating the approach of the 15th Air Force bombers. However, the bomber formation did not fly into the Southern area of Germany but once again attacked the petroleum installations in the area Ploesti and came back flying over Ghedi....."

On July 25th, the Italian Hunt Squadron, Caccia Group II, landed at the Langenlebarn airfield. After the 18 Bf-109 Messerschmitts had been refueled the Italian pilots took off and attacked an American bomber formation over the Mühlviertel. The Italian pilots had been put under the command of the 77th Hunt Squadron.

On July 30th, 1944, Bombers of the 15th US Air Force bombed Budapest. In defense of this attack, airplanes of the IV Sturm/JG 300 fought beside Hungarian hunter airplanes. The IV Strum hunt airplanes landed at Langenlebarn airfield and refueled. Afterwards, they flew back to Ulm.

On September 28th, strange flight operations prevailed on the Langenlebarn Air Base. Flight Student Ludwig Schranner wrote the following into his diary:

"....The place was a mad house. Tonight, approximately 20 Ju-52s landed with 44 paratroopers on board. This morning approximately 40 JU’s were parked. This afternoon, 6 DFS-230 gliders, a He-45 (Heinkel-45), and a Hs-126 (Henschel-126) arrived with more troops on board. Furthermore, Italian troops came in by truck. Friends, something smells fishy here!...."

On October 17, some bombs fell on the Storage area outside the airfield. Flight Student Ludwig Schranner writes the following:

"....Air raid alarm! Some bombs fall (approximately 10) on the storage area outside the airfield. I was lying under a DFS 230 glider when a bomb exploded 50 meters in front of me! However, I had taken full cover in a flash!! Another bomb exploded behind me, and it heavily damaged another DFS and two "Weihe" (Focke Wulf-58)..."

From March 15 to 21, 1945, the 30th Fighter Squadron, Group III, was stationed in Langenlebarn. The group was equipped with Ju-88 airplanes.

Because of the proximity of the Moosbierbaum fuel refinery and the railroad junction in Tulln, there were many air raid alarms in Langenlebarn. For the Tulln area, there were 133 air raid alarms between 1942 and 1945:

+ 1942......... 3 alarms
+ 1943..........7 alarms
+ 1944........86 alarms
+ 1945........37 alarms

In the time period between September 5th, 1944 and March 26th, 1945 alone, there were 48 air raid warnings for the Tulln area.

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