GLOSSARY OF
MODELING AND SIMULATION (M&S) TERMS
This document is a draft document in work. Please forward
input to Mr. Jim
Heusmann, the DMSO POC for the Glossary.
The Glossary can be downloaded from the M&S Policy section of the Document Library.
Part I, Abbreviations
A/ B/ C/ D/ E/ F/ G/ H/ I/ J/ K/ L/ M/ N/ O/ P/ Q/ R/ S/ T/ U/ V/ W/ X/ Y/ Z
Part II, Definitions
A/ B/
C/ D/
E/ F/
G/ H/
I/ J/
K/ L/
M/ N/
O/ P/
Q/ R/
S/ T/
U/ V/
W/ X/
Y/ Z
A2ATD Anti-Armor Advanced Technology Demonstration A/D Analog/Digital Aa Achieved Availability AAAV Advanced Amphibious Assault Vehicle AAIS Advanced Airborne Interceptor Simulator AAODL Atmospheric Aerosols and Optics Data Library AAP Advanced Acquisition Plan AAS Advanced Automation System AASP Army Automation Security Program AATD Army Advanced Technology Demonstration(s) AATIS Advanced Airborne Instrumentation System ABCCC Airborne Battlefield Command Control Center ABCSIM Atmospheric, Biological, and Chemical Simulation ABE ALSP Broadcast Emulator ABS Advanced Battle Simulation ABU Analog Backup ACALS Army Computer-aided Acquisition & Logistics Support ACAT Acquisition Category ACCIS Automated C2 Information System ACCS Army Command and Control System ACDI Asynchronous Communications Device Interface ACEC Army Communications-Electronics Command ACEM Air Combat Evaluation Model ACETEF Air Combat Environment Test and Evaluation Facility ACM ALSP Common Module ACMI Air Combat Maneuvering Instrumentation ACMS Air Combat Maneuvering Simulator ACMS Air Combat Maneuvering System ACOM U.S. Atlantic Command ACPT Automated Corporate Planning Tool ACS Access Control System ACSIT Aegis Combat System Interactive Trainer ACSM Assistant Chief of Staff for Information Management ACT Architecture Characterization Template ACTD Advanced Concept Technology Demonstration ADA Name (not acronym) of High Level Computer Programming Language ADDS Automated Data Distribution System ADEPT Administrative Data Entry for Processing Transmission ADM Acquisition Decision Memorandum ADMD Administrative Management Domain ADMP Army Data Management Program ADP Automatic Data Processing ADPA American Defense Preparedness Association ADPE Automatic Data Processing Equipment ADPSO Automatic Data Processing Security Officer ADPSSEP Automatic Data Processing System Security Enhancement Program ADPSSO Automatic Data Processing System Security Officer ADRG Archive Digital Raster Graphs ADS Advanced Distributed Simulation ADS Automated Data System ADSIM Air Defense Simulation ADST Advanced Distributed Simulation Technology ADUA Administrative Directory User Agent AEGIS Advanced Electronic Guided Interceptor System AESAT Avionics & Electrical Systems Advanced Trainer AESOP Army EMP Simulator Operations AETS Airborne Electronic Threat Simulator AFAM Air Force Acquisition Model AFEWES Air Force Electronic Warfare Environment Simulator AFIN Air Force Information Network AFMSS Air Force Mission Support System AFNET Air Force Network AFS Advanced Flight Simulator AFSCN Air Force Satellite Control Network AFSPACECOM Air Force Space Command AFSPC Air Force Space Command AFWG Analysis Functional Working Group AFOR Automated Forces AGCCS Army Global Command and Control System AGRMET Agricultural Meteorological Model AHP Analytic Hierarchical Process AHPCRC Army High Performance Computing Research Center AI Artificial Intelligence AID AUTODIN Interface Device AIN Advanced Intelligent Network AIRES Automated Information Retrieval And Expert System AIRFLOS Air Flow Over Structures AIS Automated Information System AISA-PAT Automated Information Systems Accreditation PAT AISSAP Automatic Information System Security Assessment Program AISSO Automated Information System Security Officer AITS Advance Information Technology System AJ or A/J Anti-Jamming AJPO ADA DoD Joint Program Office (to promote ADA) ALARM Advance Low Altitude Radar Model ALBAM Air Land Battle Assessment Model ALBE Air Land Battlefield Environment ALBM Air Land Battle Management ALECS AFWL Los Alamos EMP Calibration and Simulation ALERT Attack and Launch Early Reporting to Theater ALM Airlift Loading Model ALS ADA language system ALSP Aggregate Level Simulation Protocol AMES Advanced Multiple Environment Simulator AMG Architecture Management Group AMHS Automated Message Handling System AMIP Army Model Improvement Program AMME Automated Multi-Media Exchange AMPE Automated Message Processing Exchange AMPES Automatic Message Processing Exchange System AMPS Advanced Mobile Phone System AMPS Automated Mission Planning System AMSAA Army Materiel Systems Analysis Activity AMSDL Acquisition Management Systems and Data Requirements Control List AMSEC Army Model and Simulation Executive Council AMSMC Army Model and Simulation Master Catalog AMSMO Army Model and Simulation Management Office AMSMP Army Modeling and Simulation Management Program ANDF Application Neutral Data Format ANS Artificial Neural Systems ANSI American National Standards Institute ANSI/SPAR American National Standards Institute's Standards Planning and Requirements Committee Ao operational availability AOR Area of Responsibility APHIDS Advanced Panoramic Helmet Interface Demonstrator System API Application Program Interface APL Applied Physics Laboratory APL/JHU Applied Physics Laboratory/Johns Hopkins University APL/PSU Applied Physics Laboratory/Penn State University APL/UW Applied Physics Laboratory/University of Washington APMS Automated Program Management Information System APP Application Portability Profile APRF Aberdeen Pulse Radiation Facility APS Asynchronous Protocol Specification APSE ADA Programming Support Environment ARC Advanced Research Center ARES Advanced Research Electromagnetic Simulator ARGUS Advanced Realtime Gaming Universal Simulation ARI Army Research Institute (for the Behavioral and Social Sciences) ARL U.S. Army Research Laboratory ARP Address Resolution Protocol ARPA Advanced Research Projects Agency (formerly DARPA) ARPANET ARPA Network ARQ Automatic Repeat reQuest ASAT Anti-Satellite ASC American Standards Committee ASCII American Standard Code for Information Interchange ASCM Advanced Space Computing Module ASD Assistant Secretary of Defense ASD (ISP) Assistant Secretary of Defense for International Security Policy ASD (C3I) Assistant Secretary of Defense for Command, Control, Communication, and Intelligence ASD (DEP&S) Assistant Secretary of Defense for Drug Enforcement Policy and Support ASD (P&L) Assistant Secretary of Defense for Production and Logistics ASD (PA&E) Assistant Secretary of Defense for Program Analysis and Evaluation ASD (ISP) Assistant Secretary of Defense for International Security Policy ASIP Advanced System Improvement Program ASIS Ada Semantic Interface Specification ASME American Society of Mechanical Engineers ASN Abstract Syntax Notation ASN Assistant Secretary of the Navy ASTC Advanced Simulation Technology Center ASTO Advanced Systems Technology Office ATB Analytical Tool Box ATCOM Advanced Tactical Combat Model ATCCS Army Tactical Command and Control System ATD Advanced Technology Demonstration ATDL Army Tactical Data Link ATDL Army Tactical Data Link ATDL-1 Army Tactical Data Link-One ATE Automatic Test Equipment ATF Advanced Tactical Fighter ATFM&S Acquisition Task Force on Modeling and Simulation ATEMS Advanced Threat Emitter Simulator ATEWES Advanced Tactical Electronic Warfare Environment Simulator ATM Asynchronous Transfer Mode ATRJ Advanced Threat Radar Jammer ATRJ Advanced Tactical Radar Jammer ATS Advanced Threat Simulator ATS Automated Tracking System ATS Automatic Telecommunication System ATTD Advanced Technology Transition Demonstration ATTD-SAG ATTD Senior Advisory Group AU Access Unit AVO ADA Validation Office, part of AJPO AWACS Airborne Warning and Control System AWD Advanced Warfighting Demonstration AWD Alternate World Database AWE Advanced Warfighting Experiment AWIPS NOAA's Advanced Weather Interactive Processing System AWIS Army World-Wide Military Command and Control Information Systems AWSIM Air Warfare Simulation
BAABroad Area Announcement BASOPS Base Operating Information System BAST Board on Army Science and Technology (part of National Academy of Sciences) BAUD Characters Xmitted/sec Serially From a Computer BBN Broad Band Noise BBS Bulletin Board System BBS Brigade/Battalion Simulation BCBL Battle Command Battle Lab BCC Base Communications-Computer Center BCCS Battlefield Command and Control System BCS Battery computer system BCTP Battle Command Training Program BDA Battlespace Damage Assessment BDS Battlefield Development Simulator BDS Battlefield Distributed Simulation BDS-D Battlefield Distributed Simulation - Developmental BEB Binary Exponential Backoff BECN Backward Explicit Congestion Notification (Frame Relay) BEE Battery Energy Efficient protocol BEES Battlefield Environmental Effects Software BER Basic Encoding Rules BER Bit Error Rate BERT Bit-Error-Rate Test BES Background Environment Simulator BEWSS Battlefield Environment Weapon System Simulation BFA Battlefield Funcitonal Area BFM Battlefield Forecast Model BFTT Battle Force Tactical Trainer BGP Border Gateway Protocol BIS Built-in Simulation BIT Built-In Test BITE Built-in-Test Equipment BLERT Block-Error-Rate Test BLOB Binary Large Object BMC3 Battle Management, Command, Control, and Communications BMD Ballistic Missile Defense BMDES Ballistic Missile Defense Engagement Simulation BMDO Ballistic Missile Defense Organization BMTA Backbone Message Transfer Agent BOS Basic Operating System BPS Bits Per Second BPSK Binary Phase Shift Keying BRAC Base Realignment and Closures BRIDGESIM Bridge Simulator BRITE Basic Research in Industrial Technologies for Europe BRL Ballistic Research Laboratory BSC Battle Simulation Center BT Behavioral Taxonomy BUCS Back-up computer system BUR Bottom-up Review BW Bandwidth
C/SCommanders-in-Chief (CINCs) / Services C/JTF Combined/Joint Task Force C-CS Communications-Computer Systems C/S/A CINCs / Services / Agencies C2 Command and Control C2I Command, Control, and Intelligence C2IS C2 Information Systems C2W Command and Control Warfare C3 Command, Control, and Communications C3I Command, Control, Communications, and Intelligence C3I/IS C3I/Information Systems C3M Command, Control and Communications Countermeasures C3S C3 Systems C4 Command, Control, Communications, and Computers C4I Command, Control, Communications, Computers and Intelligence C4IFTW C4I for the Warrior C4ISR Command, Control, Communications, Computer, Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconnaissance C4SMP C4 System Master Plan CAA U.S. Army Concepts Analysis Agency CAAM Composite Area Analysis Model CAAN Combined Arms Assessment Network CAC Combined Arms Center CACDA Combined Arms Combat Development Activity CACE Computer-Aided Cost Estimating CACEAS Computer-Assisted Circuit Engineering and Allocating System CACTIS Community Automated Counter-Terrorism Intelligence System CAD Computer-Aided Design CAD/CAM Computer Aided Design/Computer Aided Manufacturing CADDS Computer Aided Design and Drafting System CADE Computer-Aided Design Equipment CADIS Communication Architecture for Distributed Interactive Simulation CADMAT Computer-Aided Design, Manufacture and Test CADS Computer-Assisted Display System CAE Computer Aided Engineering CAE Common Application Environment CAESAR Computer-Aided Exploration of Synthetic Aperture Radar CAI Computer Aided Instruction CALOW Contingency/Limited Objective Warfare CAL Computer Aided Learning CALS Computer Aided Acquisition and Logistics Support CAM Computer Aided Manufacturing CAMAC Computer-Aided Measurement and Control CAMD Computer Assisted Molecular Design CAMDSS Common Architecture for Model Development and Simulation Support CAPE Computer Aided Project Engineering CAPS Computer-Aided Paperless System CAPP Computer-Aided Process Plan CARDG Compressed ARDG CARDS Central Archive for Reusable Defense Software CARE Computer Assistance Resource Exchange CARES Cratering and Related Effects Simulation CARP Cache Array Routing Protocol CASE Computer Assisted Software Engineering CASE Computer Aided Software Engineering CASE Computer-Assisted Systems Engineering CASS Consolidated Automated Support System CASTFOREM Combined Arms And Support Task Force Evaluation Model CATIA Computer-Aided Three Dimensional Interactive Application CATIS Computer-Assisted Tactical Information System CATT Combined Arms Tactical Trainer CAU Cell Adapter Unit CAX Computer Aided Exercise CAX Combined Arms Exercise CBD Commerce Business Daily CBI Computer Based Instruction CBL Computer Based Learning CBO Congressional Budget Office CBR Constant Bit Rate CBRS Concept Based Requirement System CBS Corps Battle Simulation CBT Computer Based Training CCB Configuration Control Board CCBD Configuration Control Board Directives CCD Cover, Concealment and Deception CCEB Combined Communications-Electronics Board CCF Central Computer Facility CCIB Command and Control Interoperability Board CCIS Command and Control Information System CCRP C4ISR Cooperative Research Program CCSP Consolidated Computer Security Program CCTT Close Combat Tactical Trainer CCU Computer Control Unit CD Compact Disc CDA Central Design Activity CDAd Component Data Administrator CDB Common Data Base CDD Common Data Dictionary CDDI Copper Distributed Data Interface CDE Common Desktop Environment CDI Compact Disk Interactive CDIN CONUS Defense Integrated Network CDMA Code Division Multiple Access CD-R Compact Disk - Recordable CDRL Contract Data Requirements List CD-ROM Compact Disk - Read Only Memory CDS Congressional Data Sheets CDU Control Display Unit CD-V Compact Disk - Video CD-WO Compact Disk - Write Once CEC Cooperative Engagement Capability CECOM Communications Electronics Command CEESIM Combat Electromagnetic Environment Simulator CEM Concepts Evaluation Model CEM Constant Envelope Modulation CENTCOM U.S. Central Command CEP Circular Error, Probable CEP Cooperative Engagement Processor CERS Combat Environment Realism System CES Cognitive Environment Simulator CET Computers and Electronic Technology CEWI Communications Electronic Warfare Intelligence CFA Center for Architecture (JIEO) CFDB Conventional Forces Database CFE Conventional Forces in Europe CFE Contractor Furnished Equipment CFE Center for Engineering CFII Center for Integration and Interoperability CFOR Command Forces CFS Center for Standards CGF Computer Generated Forces CGI Computer Graphics Interface (ANSI/ISO) CGM Computer Graphics Metafile CHS Common Hardware and Software CI Configuration Item CICS Customer Information Control System CIDS Computerized Information Delivery Service CIE Computer Integrated Engineering CIE-PAT Computer Integrated Engineering Process Action Team CIE-QC Computer Integrated Engineering Quality Circle CIG Computer Image Generation CIKS Cryptographic Ignition Key CIM Computer Integrated Manufacturing CIM Corporate Information Management CIM/EI Corporate Information Management/Enterprise Integration CIMNET Center for Information Management Network CIMP Corporate Information Management Plan CINC Commander in Chief CINCLANTFLT Commander-in-Chief Atlantic Fleet CINCPACFLT Commander-in-Chief Pacific Fleet CIO Central Imagery Office CIO Chief Information Office (DISA) CIP Combat Information Processor CIP Capital Investment Plan CIP Combined Interoperability Program CIRIS Completely Integrated Reference Instrumentation System CIRRUS Clouds, Infrared, Real for Use in Simulations CIS CASE Integration Services CIS Command Information System CISC Complex Instruction Set Computer CISS Center for Information Systems Security (JIEO) CIU Cell Interface Unit CIWG Communications Interoperability Working Group CJCS Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff CL Closed Loop CLD Center Line Data CLDGEN Cloud Scene Generator CLNP Connectionless Network Protocol CLNS Connectionless Network Service CM Configuration Management CMASS Counterdrug Modeling and Simulation System CMC Commandant of the Marine Corps CMI Computer Managed Instruction CMIS/P Common Management Information Services & Protocols CMMS Conceptual Models of the Mission Spaces CMP Configuration Management Plan CMTW Combined Major Theater War CMWG Configuration Management Working Group CN Communications Network CNA Center for Naval Analysis CNC Communications Network Control CNMS Consolidated Network Management System CNO Chief of Naval Operations CNR Combat Net Radio COADS Comprehensive Ocean Atmosphere Data Set COBOL Common Business Oriented Language COBRA Combat Outcome Based on Rules for Attrition COE Common Operating Environment COEA Cost and Operational Effectiveness Analysis COI Critical Operational Issue COLD Computer Output to Laser Disk COM Computer Output Microform COMINT Communications Intelligence COMNET Communications Network COMPASS Common Operational Modeling, Planning, and Simulation Strategy COMPASS Computer Alerted Surveillance System COMSAT Communications Satellite COMSEC Communications Security (In FY96 name changed to INFOSEC) CONOPS Concept of Operations CONUS Continental United States COP Common Operational Picture Copernicus Navy's C3 Architecture CORBA Common Object Request Broker Architecture Corn Computer Resource Nucleus COSE Common Open Software Environment COTS Commercial Off The Shelf COVART Computation of Vulnerable Area and Repair Time CPU Central Processing Unit CRB Configuration Review Board CRC Coleman Research Corporation CRC Cyclic Redundancy Check CRDA Cooperative Research & Development Agreement CRLCMP Computer Resource Life Cycle Management Plan CRMP Computer Resourses Management Plan CROESUS Navy plan for Copernicus CROP Common Relevant Operating Picture CROSSBOW-S Construction of a Radar to Operationally Simulate Signals Believed to Originate Within the Soviet Union CRT Cathode Ray Tube CRWG Computer Resource Working Group CRYPTO Cryptographic CSA Configuration Status Accounting CSC Computer Software Component CSC Computer Sciences Corporation CSCI Computer Software Configuration Item CSE Common Support Equipment CSEL Combat Survivor Evader Locator CSIDS CENTCOM/SOCOM Integrated Data System CSII Center for Systems Interoperability and Integration CSL Computer Systems Laboratory (part of NIST) CSMA Carrier Sense Multiple Access CSMA/CD Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detection CSPEI Computer Software Product End Item CSS Communications Support System CSSBL Combat Service Support Battle Lab CSSCS Combat Service Support Computer System CSSM Cloud Scene Simulation Model CSSTSS Combat Service Support Training Simulation System CSU Computer Software Unit CTAPS Contingency Theater Automated Planning System CTC Critical Technical Characteristics CTE Center for Test and Evaluation CTEIP Central Test And Evaluation Investment Program CTIS Combat Terrain Information System CTIS Command Tactical Information System CTOA Controlled Time of Arrival CTOS Convergent Technologies Operating Systems CTS Clear to Send CVF Compressed Volume File CVGA Color Video Graphics Array
DAData Administration DA Department of the Army DA Developing Agency (Navy) DAA Designated Approving Authorities DAB Defense Acquisition Board DACS Data and Analysis Center for Software DACS Digital Access and Cross-Connect System DAd Data Administrator DAdm Data Administration DADS Dynamic Analysis and Design System DAE Defense Acquisition Executive DAEMONS Logically Named System Resources DAES Defense Acquisition Executive Summary DAG Data Authentication Group DAG Data Analysis Group DAI Distributed Artificial Intelligence DAISY Defense Automated Information System DAMA Demand Assignment Multiple Access DAP Data Access Protocol DAP Directory Access Protocol DAPG Data Analysis Programming Group DAPM Data Administration Program Management Office DAPM Domain Analysis Process Model DAPMO Data Administration Program Management Office DAPS Data Acquisition and Processing System DAR Defense Acquisition Regulation DARIC Defense Automation Resources Information Center DARCOM U.S. Army Materiel Development and Readiness Command DARMP Defense Automation Resources Management Program DARO Defense Airborne Reconnaissance Office DARPA Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (renamed ARPA) DAS Data Administration Program DASD Direct Access Storage Device DASD Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense DASD(IM) Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense for Information Management DASIAC DoD Nuclear Information and Analysis Center DASP DOD Data Administration Strategic Plan DASS Digital Acoustic Sensor Simulator DAU Data Acquisition Unit DAWIA Defense Acquisition Workforce Improvement Act DAWN Defense Attache Worldwide Network db Decibel DBA Direct Budget Authority DBA Design-based Analysis DBA Direct Budget Authority DBAd Data Base Administrator DBAdm Data Base Administration DBD Data Base Document DBMS Data Base Management System DBOF Defense Business Operating Fund DC or D/C Down Converter DCA Defense Communications Agency(now DISA) DCAA Defense Contract Audit Agency DCAS Defense Contract Administrative Services DCD Directorate for Combat Developments DCE Distributed Computing Environment DCID Director for Central Intelligence Directive DCN Defense Communications Network DCP Decision Coordinating Paper DCPS Data Communications Protocol Standards DCS Defense Communications System DCSINT Deputy Chief of Staff for Intelligence DCSINT Deputy Chief of Staff for Intelligence DCSLOG Deputy Chief of Staff, Logistics DCSLOG Deputy Chief of Staff for Logistics DCSOPS Deputy Chief of Staff, Operations DCSOPS Deputy Chief of Staff for Operations and Plans DCSPER Deputy Chief of Staff for Personnel DCSPER Deputy Chief of Staff for Personnel DCSTPM Deputy Chief of Staff for Technology Planning and Management DCT Desktop Computer Terminal DCT Digital Communication Terminal DCTN Defense Commercial Telephone Network DCW Digital Chart of the World DD/DS Data Dictionary/Directory System DDA Domain Defined Attribute DDARS Distributed Data Archive and Retrieval System DDBMS Distributed Database Management System DDC Design Decision Criteria DDI Director of Defense Information DDL Data Definition Language DDN Defense Data Network DDR&E Director of Defense Research and Engineering DDR DoD Data Repository DDRS Defense Data Repository System DDS Data Distribution System DDS Dataphone Digital Service (AT&T) DDS Digital Data Service DDS Direct Digital Synthesizer DDS Distributed Defense Simulation DDSS Distributed Defense Simulation System DEA Data Exchange Agreement DECA Digital Electronic Control Assembly DECCO Defense Commercial Communications Office DEEM Dynamic Environmental Effects Model DEM Digital Elevation Model DES Data Encryption Standard DESA Defense Evaluation Support Agency DESC Defense Electronics Supply Center DESP Data Element Standardization Program DET Dynamic Environment and Terrain DFAD Digital Feature Analysis Data DFARS DoD Federal Acquisition Regulation Supplement DFD Data Flow Diagram DFRM Digital RF Memory DGCC Defense Information Systems Agency Global Control Center DGDEM Dynamic Generalized Digital Environmental Model Data Base DGIS Direct Graphics Interface Standard DGSA Defense Goal Security Architecture DHIS Distributed Heterogeneous Information Systems DI Date Integrity DIA Defense Intelligence Agency DIB Defense Information Base DIB Directory Information Base DICE Distributed Interactive C3I Effectiveness Simulation Project DICE DARPA Initiative for Concurrent Engineering DID Data Item Description DIDHS Deployed Intelligence Data Handling System DIF Data Interchange Format DIGEST Digital Geographic Information Exchange Standard DII Defense Information Infrastructure DIICC Defense Information Infrastructure Control Concept DII COE Defense Information Infrastructure Common Operating Environment DIM Director of Information Management DIME Digital Integrated Modeling Environment DIS Distributed Interactive Simulations DIS Defense Information System DISA Defense Information Systems Agency DISA/CI Defense Information Systems Agency/Center for Information DISA-IS DISA Information System DISANet DISA Information Network DISC Defense Information System Council DISC4/ODISC4 Director of Information Systems Command, Control, Communications, and Computers/Office of the DISC4 DISN Defense Information Systems Network DISP Directory Information Shadowing Protocol DISSP Defense Information System Security Program DITPRO Defense Information Technical Procurement Office DL Data Link DL Distance Learning DLA Defense Logistics Agency DLC Data Link Control DLMS Digital Land Mass System DM Dominant Maneuver DMA Defense Mapping Agency DMAP Data Management and Analysis Plan DMD Digital Message Device DME Distributed Management Environment DME Distance Measuring Equipment DMF Data Management Facility DMRD Defense Management Review Decision DMG Digital Map Generator DMR Defense Management Review DMRD Defense Management Report Decision DMS Digital Modeling and Simulation DMS Distributed Models and Simulations DMS Defense Message System DMSCC Defense Modeling and Simulation Coordination Center DMSI Defense Modeling and Simulation Initiative DMSO Defense Modeling and Simulation Office DMSP Defense Message System Program DMS/TMS Defense Messaging System/Tactical Message System DNA Defense Nuclear Agency DNS Domain Name System DNSIX DoDIIS Network Security for Information Exchange DNVT Digital Non-Secure Voice Telephone DoD Department of Defense DODCSEC DoD Computer Security Evaluation Center DoDD DoD Directive DoDDir Department of Defense Directive DoDI DoD Instruction DoDInst Department of Defense Instruction DoDIIS DoD Intelligence Information System DoDM DoD Manual DoDMSEA DoD M&S Executive Agent DOE Department of Energy DOF Degrees of Freedom DOIM Directors of Information Management DOJ Department of Justice DOM Doctrine, Organization, Materiel DOMF Distributed Object Management Facility DON Department of the Navy DOORS Demonstration of Dynamic Object Oriented Requirements System DOS Disk Operating System DOT Department of Transportation DOTML-P Doctrine, Organization, Training, Materiel, Leadership, and Personnel DOW Day of the Week DP Data Processing DPA Demand Protocol Architecture DPA Defense Production Act DPDB Digital Product Data Base DPG Defense Planning Guidance DPG Dugway Proving Ground or Defense Planning Guidance DPI Data Processing Installation DRAM Dynamic Random Access Memory DRB Defense Review Board DRDA Distributed Relational Data Base Architecture DREN Defense Research and Engineering Network DRFM Digital Rf Memory DRG Defense Research Group (NATO) DRG Digital Raster Graphic DRG Digital Raster Graphs DRN Data Representation Notation DRTWG Data and Repositories Technology Working Group DRU Data Retrieval Unit DS Digital Signal DS Direct Support DSARC Defense Systems Acquisition Review Committee DSB Defense Science Board DSCS Defense Satellite Communications System DSE Data Storage Equipment DSE Dynamic Synthetic Environments DSI Defense Simulation Internet DSMAC Digital Scene Matching Area Correlator DSMC Defense Systems Management College DSN Defense Switching Network [formerly Autovon] DSP Defense Support Program DSR Dynamic Source Routing DSRS Defense Software Repository System DSS Defense Switched System DSS Decision Support System DSS Digital Signature Standard DSSCS Defense Special Security Communications System DSSE Developmental Software Support Environment DSSEP Developmental Software Support Environment Plan DSSP Defense Standardization and Specification Program DSSSL Document Style Semantics and Specification Language DSU Digital Service Unit DTAD Digital Terrain Analysis Data DTAMS Digital Terrain Analysis Mapping System DTAP Detailed Technology Area Plan DTE/DCE Data Terminal Equipment/Data Circuit-Terminating Equipment DTED Digital Terrain Elevation Data DTED Digital Terrain Evaluation Data DTIC Defense Technical Information Center DTM Digital Terrain Matrix DTMP Data Communications Protocol Standards Technical Management Plan DTS Digital Terrain System DWTS Digital Wideband Transmission System
FAAFederal Aviation Agency FAC Forward Air Controller FADAC Field Artillery Digital Automatic Computer FAMA Floor Acquisition Multiple Access FAMSIM Family of Simulations FAPM Functional Activity Program Manager FAR Federal Acquisition Regulation FAST Framework for Advanced Simulation Technology FAST Field Assistance in Science and Technology FASTC Foreign Aerospace Science and Technology Center FBE Fleet Battle Experiment FCS Frame Check Sequence FDAd Functional Data Administrator FDD Functional Description Document FDDI Fiber Distributed Data Interface FDM Frequency Division Mutliplexer FDMA Frequency Division Multiple Access FDP Full Dimensional Protection FDUX Full Duplex FEA Functional Economic Analysis FEC Forward Error Correction FECN Forward Explicit Congestion Notification (Frame Relay) FED Federation Execution Data FEDEP Federation Development and Execution Process FEMA Federal Emergency Management Agency FEPW Federation Execution Planners Workbook FFRDC Federally Funded Research and Development Centers FHSS Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum FIM Functional Information Manager FIM Functional Integration Manager FIP Federal Information Process FIPS Federal Information Processing Standard FIRMA Federal Information Resources Management Act FIRMR Federal Information Resources Management Regulation FIS Federal Information System FL Focused Logistics FMS Foreign Military Sales FOC Final Operating Capability FOC Full Operational Capability FODA Feature-Oriented Domain Analysis FODDS Fact-Oriented Data Distribution System FOHMD Fiber-optic Helmet-mounted Display/Device FOIA Freedom of Information Act FOM Federation Object Model FON Fiber Optic Network FOR Field of Regard FORCEM Force Evaluation Model FORGE Force Evaluation Model Gaming Evaluator FOV Field Of View FOW Forward Order Wire FPDC Federal Procurement Data Center FPRP Five-Phase Reservation Protocol (for Mobile Ad-hoc Networks) FQDN Fully Qualified Domain Name FRS Family Radio Service FSCATT Fire Support Combined Arms Tactical Trainer FSM Finite State Machine FSTC Foreign Systems Technology Center (Army) FSU Former Soviet Union FTAM File Transfer Access and Management FTP File Transfer Protocol FTS Full Threat Simulator FWG Functional Working Group FY Fiscal Year FYDP Future-Years Defense Plan
G-WARSGround Wars (Computer simulation model) GAO General Accounting Office GATERS Ground Air Teleoperated Robotic System GCCS Global Combat Support System GCCS Global Command and Control System GCDIS Global Change Data and Information System GDD/D Global Data Dictionary and Directory GDDM Graphics Data Display Manager GDEM Generalized Digital Environmental Model Data Base GDI Graphics Device Interface GDIP General Defense Intelligence Program GDMS Global Data Management System GEO Geosynchronous Orbit GEOLOC Geographic Location GEOREF Geographic Reference GIDEP Government/Industry Data Exchange Program GIG Global Information Grid GIG SSG Global Information Grid Senior Steering Group GIN Graphics Input GIS Geographic Information System GKS Graphical Kernel System GLM General Linear Models GMRS General Mobile Radio Service GNMP Government Network Management Profile GMT Greenwich Mean Time GOSC General Officer Steering Committee GOSIP Government Open System Interconnect Profile GOTS Government-Off-the-Shelf GPS Global Positioning System GSA General Services Administration GTCT Global Tropical Cyclone Tracks Data Base GTDB Generic Transformed Data Base GTE Ground Threat Emitter GTM Ground Truth Model GTN Global Transportation Network GTRI Georgia Tech Research Institute GTWAPS Global Theater Weather Analysis and Prediction System GUI Graphical User Interface
H/WHardware HAMPS Host AUTODIN Message Processing System HARM High-Speed Anti-Radiation Missile HBR Human Behavioral Representation HBR House Budget Resolution HBTWG Human Behavior Technology Working Group HBV Human Behavioral Variables HCI Human Computer Interaction HCI Human Computer Interface HD Hard Disk HD High Density HDF Hierarchical Data Format HDL Harry Diamond Laboratories HDLC High-level Data Link Control Protocol HDTV High Definition Television HDU Helmet Display Unit HDUX Half Duplex HDZ High Density Zone HEAT Headquarters Effectiveness Assessment Tool HEO High Earth Orbit HEO Highly Elliptical Orbit HFE Human Factors Engineering HFEA Human Factors Engineering Analysis HHT Handheld Terminal HHUT Handheld User Terminal HITL Hardware-in-the-Loop HITL Human-in-the-Loop HLA High-Level Architecture HMD Helmet Mounted Display HMI Human-Machine Interface HMS Helmet Mounted Sight HMS/DS Helmet Mounted Sight/Display System HMU Helmet Mounted Unit HOL High Order Language HOM Higher Order Model HOTMAC High Order Turbulence Model for Atmospheric Circulations HPA High Power Amplifier HPC High Performance Computer HPCC High Performance Computing and Communications HPCCIT High Performance Computing, Communications, and Information Technology HPPI High Performance Parallel Interface HQDA Headquarters, Department of the Army HQMC Headquarters Marine Corps HRCP High Resolution Cloud Prognosis Model HRIS Human Resource Information System HS High Speed HSI Human Systems Integration HSI High Speed Serial Interface HTML HyperText Markup Language HTTP HyperText Transfer Protocol HUMINT Human Intelligence HW/SWIL Hardware/Software-In-The-Loop HWIL Hardware-in-the-Loop HYTIME Hypermedia/Time-Based Structuring Language
I/OInput/Output I-TES I-Band Threat Environment Simulator I3 Intelligent Integration of Information IA Information Assurance IAC Information Analysis Center IBM International Business Machines IC Integrated Circuit ICA Integrated Communications Architecture ICASE Integrated Computer Aided Software Engineering ICC Integrated Control Center ICCOG Intelligence Community Coordination Group ICD Interface Control Document ICDB Integrated Communications Database ICMP Internet Control Message Protocol ICOM Input, Control, Output, and Mechanism IDA Institute for Defense Analysis IDB Integrated Database IDBEF Integrated Database Extract Format IDBTF Integrated Database Transaction Format I/DBTWG Information/Database Technology Working Group IDEA Integrated Engineering/Design Aide IDEF Integrated Computer-Aided Manufacturing Definition IDL Interface Design Language IDM Improved Data Modem IDM Information Dissemination Management IDP Initial Domain Part IDRL Integrated data requirements list IEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers IERs Information Exchange Requirements IFIP International Federation of Information Processing IFOR Intelligent Forces IGES Initial Graphics Exchange Specification IGMP Internet Group Management Protocol IGOSS Industry/Government Open System Specification IHADSS Integrated Helmet and Display Sight System IIS Intelligence Information System IITRI Illinois Institute of Technology Research Institute I/ITSC Interservice Industry Training Systems Conference IM Information Management IMA Information Mission Area IMB Interoperability Management Board IMD Information Management Directorate IMEP Independent Master Evaluation Plan IMP Information Management Plan IMR Information Management Representative IMS Information Management System IMTC International Multimedia Teleconferencing Consortium IMTEC GAO's Information Management and Technology Division INCA Intelligence Communications Architecture INFOSEC Information System Security INMS Integrated Network Management System INST Information Standards and Technology Standardization Area INX Information Exchange IOC Initial Operational Capability IP Internet Protocol IPC Information Policy Council IPM Interpersonal Messaging IPMS Interpersonal Messaging System IPPD Integrated Product and Process Development IOC Initial Operational Capability IPR In-process review IPT Integrated Product Team IRAC International Requirements and Design Criteria IRDS Information Resource Dictionary System IRIA Infrared Information Analysis Center IRM Information Resource Management IS Information Superiority IS Information System IS International Standardization IS Interface Specification IS Israel/Israeli ISA Information System Architecture ISA Industry Standard Architecture ISATS Information System ADP Tracking System ISC U.S. Army Information Systems Command ISDN Integrated Services Digital Network ISEE Integrated Software Engineering Environment ISGMS Industry Steering Group on M&S ISMC Imagery Standards Management Committee ISO International Standardization Organization ISR_SUM Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconnaissance Simulation ISSAA Information Systems Selection and Acquisition Agency - Army ISSM Information Systems Security Manager ISSO Information Security Oversight Office ISSPM Information Systems Security Program IST Institute for Simulation and Training ISX Information Superiority Experiment IT Information Technology ITD Interim Terrain Database ITDN Integrated Tactical Data Network ITEM Integrated Theater Engagement Model ITM Irregular Terrain Model ITN Identification Tasking and Networking ITO Intermediate Transfer Orbit ITPB Information Technology Policy Board ITRI Information Technology Reuse Initiative ITRUS Information Technology Reuse ITS Intelligent Tutoring System ITSDN Integrated Tactical/Strategic Data Network ITSPO Information Technology Standards Program Office ITU Information Transport Utility ITU-TSB International Telecommunications Union - Telecommunications IUSS Integrated Unit Simulation System IV&V Independent Verification and Validation IVIS Inter-Vehicular Information System IWG Interface Working Group IWSDB Integrated Weapon Systems Data Base
J-SPACESJoint Space Combat Environment Simulation JAAT Joint Air Attack Teams JACG Joint Aeronautical Commanders Group JADS/JFS Joint Advanced Distributed Simulation Joint Feasibility Study JAFLME Joint Automated Field Logistics Model for Employment JANNAF Joint Army, Navy, NASA, Air Force JANUS Joint Army Navy Uniform Simulation JAOC Joint Air Operations Center JASP Joint Advanced Strike Technology Program JAST Joint Advanced Strike Technology JCALS Joint Computer-Aided Acquisition Logistics System JCCD Joint Camouflage, Concealment and Deception JCG Joint Commanders Group JCG(T&E) Joint Commanders Group (Test and Evaluation) JCM Joint Conflict Model JCMO Joint CALS Management Organization JCS Joint Chiefs of Staff JDBE Joint Data Base Elements JDL Joint Director of Laboratories JECEWSI Joint Electronic Combat Electronic Warfare Simulation JESS Joint Exercise Simulation System JETTA Joint Environment for Testing Training and Analysis JEWC Joint Electronic Warfare Center JFACC Joint Force Air Component Commander JHU/APL John Hopkins University/Applied Physics Lab JHU John Hopkins University JIC Joint Intelligence Center JIEO Joint Interoperability and Engineering Organization JIMASS Joint Intelligence Modeling and Simulation System JINTACCS Joint Interoperability of Tactical Command and Control System JISR Joint Intelligence, Surveillance, and Reconnaissance JIVA Joint Intelligence Virtual Architecture JLC Joint Logistics Commanders JMASS Joint Modeling and Simulation System JMCIS Joint Maritime Command Information System JMSEP Joint Modeling and Simulation Executive Panel JMSWG Joint Multi-TADIL Standards Working Group JOPES Joint Operation Planning and Execution System JPL Jet Propulsion Laboratory JPO Joint Program Office JRMB Joint Requirements And Management Board JROC Joint Requirements Oversight Council JSAN Joint Staff Automation of the Nineties JSC Johnson Space Center JSC Joint Spectrum Center JSEAD Joint Suppression of Enemy Air Defenses JSEM Joint Service Endgame Model JSF Joint Strike Fighter JSIP Joint Services Imagery Processing System JSOR Joint Service Operational Requirement JSOW Joint Stand-Off Weapon JSP Joint Service Program JSRB Joint Software Review Board JSSA Joint Stealth Strike AIrcraft JSTARS Joint Surveillance & Target Attack Radar System JSTASL Joint Scenario Tool Architecture and Script Language JSTE Joint System Training Exercise JTA Joint Technical Architecture JTC Joint Technical Committee JTC3A Joint Tactical Command, Control and Communications Agency JTCTS Joint Tactical Combat Training System JT&E Joint Test and Evaluation JTF Joint Task Force JTIDS Joint Tactical Information Distribution System JTLS Joint Theater Level Simulator JTRS Joint Tactical Radio System JTSSG Joint Telecommunications Standards Steering Group JTWSG Joint Theater of War Scenario Generator JULLS Joint Uniform Lessons Learned System JUSTIS Joint Uniform Services Technical Information System JV2010 Joint Vision 2010 JVB Joint Virtual Battlespace JVIDS Joint Visually Integrated Display System JWFC Joint Warfighting Center JWICS Joint Worldwide Intelligence Communications System JWID Joint Warrior Interoperability Demonstration JWSOL Joint Warfare Simulation Object Library
KAKnowledge Acquisition (from data) KAPSE Kernel ADA programming environment KBE Knowledge Based Extraction kbps Kilobits per second KBSC Korean Battle Simulation Center KBS/DBMS Knowledge Based Systems/Data Base Management System KDEC Kinetic Energy Weapons Digital Emulation Center KDR Kill/Detection Ratio KHILS Kinetic Kill Vehicle HITL Simulator kHz Kilorhertz KI Knowledge Integration KNACK Knowledge Acquisition Kernel KOPS Thousands of Operations Per Second KPP Key Performance Parameter KRS Knowledge Retrieval System KWIC Key Word in Context KWOC Key Word out of Context
LABCOMU.S. Army Laboratory Command LAE Liquid Apogee Engine LAMPS Light Airborne Multi-Purpose System LAM Louisiana Maneuvers LAN Local Area Network LANACS Local Area Network Asynchronous Connection Server LANL Los Alamos National Laboratory LAPM Link Access Procedure for Modems LAT Local Access Terminal LAWN Local Area Wireless Network LB/TS Large Blast/Thermal Simulator LCC Life Cycle Cost LCCE Life Cycle Cost Estimate LCD Liquid Crystal Display LCM Life Cycle Model LCM Life Cycle Management LCSEC Life Cycle Software Engineering Center LCSS Life Cycle Software Support LCU Laptop Computer Unit LCU Lightweight Computer Unit LCU Last Cluster Used LDM Long Distance Modem LDR Low Data Rate LEAF Law Enforcement Access Field LEC Local Exchange Carrier LED Light-Emitting Diode LEEGCCS Leading Edge Environment for the Global Command and Control System LEM Language Extension Module LEO Low Earth Orbit LFU Least Frequently Used LHCP Left Hand Circular Polarization LHN Long-Haul Network LIVID Language Identification and Voice Identification LLNL Lawrence-Livermore National Laboratory LMDS Local Multipoint Distribution Service LMS Least Means Squared LNA Low Noise Antenna LOC Lines of Code LOCIS Library of Congress Information System LOE Level of Effort LoF Loss Of Function LoF (P) Loss of Function for Personnel LPD Low Probability of Detection LPF Low Pass Filter LPI Low Probability of Interception LPM Lines Per Minute LRI Line Replacement Item LRIP Low-Rate Initial Production LRM Language Reference Manual LRM Line Replaceable Unit LRN Local Range Network LRU Line Replaceable Unit LSB Least Significant Bit LSC Least Significant Character LSE Local Subscriber Environment LSTF Life Sciences Test Facility LV Launch Vehicle LWTC Littoral Warfare Training Complex
M/TGBC3IMobile/Transportable Ground-Based C3I (system) M/S Milestone M&A Merger and Acquisition M&S Modeling and Simulation MS&A Modeling, Simulation and Analysis MAC Media Access Control MACA Multiple Access with Collision Avoidance MACA/SS Multiple Access with Collision Avoidance / Spread Spectrum MACAW Multiple Access with Collision Avoidance for Wireless MACH Model of Atmospheric Chemical Hazards MACIPS Military Airlift Command Information Processing System MACOM Major Army command MACS Mutually Agreeable Commercial Software MAD Message Address Directory MAHO Mobile Assisted Handoff MAIS Mobile Automated Instrumentation Suite MAISRC Major Automated Information System Review Council MAMS Military Airspace Management System MAN Metropolitan Area Network MANET Mobile Ad Hoc Network MAPSE Minimal ADA Program Support Environment MARCORSYSCOM Marine Corps Systems Command MARKS Modern Army Record Keeping System MASC Modeling Analysis and Simulation Center MASDA Model and Simulation Decision Aid MASE Message Administration Service Element MBE Multi-Band Emitter MBS MUOS Base Station Mbps Megabits per second MCAD Mechanical Computer Aided Design MCB Memory Control Block MCBF Mean Cycles Between Failures MCCR Mission Critical Computer Resources MCDA Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis MCEB Military Communications-Electronic Board MCMSMO Marine Corps Modeling and Simulation Management Office MCMSWG Marine Corps Modeling and Simulation Working Group MCP Mission Capability Package MCS Message Conversion System MDDC Missile Defense Data Center MDR Medium Data Rate MDS Meteorological Data System MDSE Message Delivery Service Element MDT Message Distribution Terminal MEL Master Environment Library MEO Medium Earth Orbit METS Mobile Electronic Threat Simulator MFG Multi-Function Gateway MFIP Multi-Function Interoperability Processor MFS Manned Flight Simulator MGED Multidevice Graphics Editor MGRS Military Grid Reference System MHS Message Handling System MHz MegaHertz MIB Management Information Base MIDAS Model for Intertheater Deployment by Air and Sea MIDS Multifunction Information Distribution System MIDS-LVT Multi-Functional Information Distribution System - Low Voltage Terminal MIL Man-in-the-loop MILES Multiple Integrated Laser Engagement System MILNET Military network MIMD Multiple-Instruction, Multiple-Data MIME Multipurpose Internet Mail Extension MINX Multimedia Information Exchange Network MIPR Military Interdepartmental Purchase Request MIPS Millions of Instructions Per Second MIR Most Important Requirements MIS Management Information System MISD Management Information Systems Directorate MISMA U.S. Army Model Improvement and Study Management Agency MISSI Multilevel Information System Security Initiative MIT Massachusetts Institute of Technology MIT Management Information Tree ML Machine Language MLS Multi-Level Security MMHS Military Message Handling System MMI Man-Machine Interface MMS Multilevel Mail Server MMU Mass Memory Unit MMU Memory Management Unit MMW Millimeter Wave MMWPROP Millimeter Wave Propagation Prediction Model MNOI Messages Not Of Interest MNS Mission Needs Statement MOBA Military Operations in Built-Up Areas MOBACS Military Operations in Built-Up Areas Combat Simulation MODAS Modular Ocean Data Assimilation System ModSAF Modular Semi-Automated Forces MOEs Measures of Effectiveness MOHLL Machine Oriented High Level Language MOM Management Object Model MOO Measures of Outcome MOPs Measures Of Performance MORS Military Operations Research Society MOSAIC MOdels and Simulations: Army Integrated Catalog MOUT Military Operations in Urban Terrain MPD Message Preparation Directory MPDU Message Protocol Data Unit MRC Major Regional Conflict MRSE Message Retrieval Service Element MRT Mean Repair Time MRTFB Major Range and Test Facility Base MS Microsoft MS Milestone MS Message Store M&S Modeling and Simulation MSAS Military Simulation Assessment System MSC Mobile Switching Center MSCC M&S Coordination Center MSCCTF M&S Coordination Center Task Force MSD Mass Storage Device MSDDB Master Seafloor Digital Data Base MSDOS Microsoft Disk Operating System MSDS Master Simulation Data System MSE Mobile Subscriber Equipment MSEA M&S Executive Agent MSI Multi-Spectral Imagery MSIS M&S Information System MSL Mean Sea Level MSMP M&S Master Plan MSP Message Security Protocol MSRR Modeling and Simulation Resource Repository MSRR M&S Resource Repository MSSE Message Submission Service Element MSWG Modeling and Simulation Working Group MT Message Transfer MTA Message Transfer Agent MTBCF Mean Time Between Critical Failure MTBF Mean Time Between Failure MTBR Mean Time Between Repair MTDS Marine Corps Tactical Data System MTF Message Text Formats MTF Modulation Transfer Function; MTM Model-Test-Model MTOPS Millions of Theoretical Operations Per Second MTS Moving Target Simulator MTS Message Transfer System MTTF Mean Time To Failure MTTR Mean Time To Repair MTU Maximum Transmission Unit MTWS Marine Air-Ground Task Force (MAGTF) Tactical Warfare Simulation MUTES Multiple Threat Emitter Systems MVC Multicast Virtual Circuit MWARS Maneuver-Warfare Analytical and Research System
NALCOMISNaval Aviation Logistics Command Information System NAM Network Assessment Model NARDAC Navy Regional Data Automation Center NATO North Atlantic Treaty Organization NAS National Academy of Sciences NASA National Aeronautics and Space Administration NASA/MSFC NASA Marshall Space Flight Center NASA/Stennis NASA Stennis Space Center NASI NetWare Asynchronous Services Interface NASM National Air (Warfare) Simulation Model NASNET Naval Aviation Simulator Network Training NAU Network Addressable Unit NAVAIR Naval Air Systems Command NAVAIRLANT Naval Air Force Atlantic Fleet NAVAIRPAC Naval Air Force Pacific Fleet NAVAIRSYSCOM Naval Air Systems Command NAVELECSYSCOM Naval Electronics Systems Command NAVMIC Naval Maritime Intelligence Center NAVSEA Naval Sea System Command NAVSEASYSCOM Naval Sea Systems Command NAVSTAR GPS Navigation Satellite Timing and Ranging Global Positioning System NBS National Bureau of Standards (see NIST) NCA National Command Authority NCCOSC Naval Command, Control and Ocean Surveillance Center NCDC National Climatic Data Center NCS Network Computing System NCS National Communications System NCS Network Control Station NCSA National Center for Supercomputing Applications NCSC National Computer Security Center NCW Network Centric Warfare NES Network Encryption System NESSE Near Earth Simulated Space Environment NET NET Network Entity Title NET Not Earlier Then NET New Equipment Training NETOPS Network Operations NETWARS Network Warfare Simulation NFS Network File Server NGCR Next Generation Computer Resources NGO Non-Government Organization NGPM Next Generation Performance Model NGTCS Next Generation Target Control System NIC Network Information Center NIDR Network Information Discover and Retrieval NII National Information Infrastructure NIPRNET Unclassified but Sensitive IP Router Network (DISN) NIR Network Information Retrieval NISO National Information Standards Organization NIST National Institute of Standards and Technology NITC National Information Technology Center NLP National-Level Telecommunications Programs NLSP Network Layer Security Protocol NOAA National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration NOCC Network Operations Control Center NODC National Oceanographic Data Center NODDS Navy Oceanographic Data Distribution System NOGAPS Navy Operational Global Atmospheric Prediction System NOVAM Navy Oceanic Vertical Aerosol Model NRaD Naval C2 and Ocean Surveillance Center Research, Development, Test and Evaluation Division NREN National Research and Education Network NRL Naval Research Laboratory NRMC Navy Regional Medical Center NSA National Security Agency NSC National Simulation Center NSD National Security Directive NSDI National Spatial Data Infrastructure NSF National Science Foundation NSFnet NSF network 45 mb/sec T-3 NSIDC National Snow and Ice Data Center NSO Network Security Officer NSRD National Software Reuse Directory NSTC National Science and Technology Council NSTL National Software Testing Labs NTACMS Navy Tactical Missile System NTB National Test Bed NTCS-A Navy Tactical Command Systems Afloat NTDR Near Term Digital Radio NTDS Navy Tactical Data System NTF National Test Facility NTIC Naval Technical Intelligence Center NTIS National Technical Information Service NUI Network User Interface NUSSE Non-Uniform Simple Surface Evaporation (model) NVD Night Vision Device NV&EOL Night Vision and Electro-Optics Laboratory NVE Night Vision Equipment NVESD Night Vision and Electronic Sensors Directorate NVG Night Vision Goggles NVO Non-Virtual Ocean NVRAM Non-Volatile Random Access Memory NVS Night Vision System NWARS National Wargaming System NWTDB Naval Warfare Technical Data Base
O&MOperations and Maintenance OAI Open Applications Interface OASD Office of the Assistant Secretary of Defense OATS Office Automation and Technology Services OBJ Object OCI Organizational Conflict of Interest ODBMS Object-Oriented Data Base Management System ODES Operational and Deployment Experiments Simulator ODI Open Datalink Interface ODM Organizational Domain Modeling ODP Open Distributed Processing OH or O/H Overhead OII Operations-Intelligence Interface OIRA OMB Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs OIS Office Information System OLE Object Linking and Embedding OM Object Model OMDD Object Model Data Dictionary OMDT Object Model Development Tool OMIS Office of Computer Services and Information Systems OML Object Model Library OMT Object Model Template ONC Open Network Computing OO Object-Oriented OOD Object-Oriented Design OODA Object-Oriented Design with Assemblies OODA Observation, Orientation, Decision, Action OODB Object-Oriented Data Base OODBMS Object-Oriented Database Management System OOM Object-Oriented Modeling OOTW Operations Other Than War OPFACs Operational Facilities OPNET Optimized Network Engineering Tools OPTADS Operations Tactical Data Systems OQPSK Offset Quadrature Phase Shift Keying ORACLE Operational Research and Critical Link Evaluation ORB Object Request Broker ORD Operational Requirements Document OS Operating System OSAM Office of Spectrum Analysis and Management OSD Office of the Secretary of Defense OSE Open System Environment OSF Open Software Foundation OSI Open Systems Interconnection OSP Other Service Program OSS Operations Support System OSTP Office of Science and Technology Policy OTA Office of Technology Assessment OTI Office of Technical Integration OUSD(A) Office of the Under Secretary of Defense for Acquisition
P&LProduction and Logistics P3I Pre-Planned Product Improvement PADIL PATRIOT Air Defense Information Language PADS Position Azimuth Determining System PAMAS Power Aware Multi-Access protocol with Signaling for Wireless Ad Hoc Networks PBX Private Branch Exchange PC Personal computer PCB Printed Circuit Board PCIS Portable Common Interface Set PCM Pulse Code Modulation PCMCIA Personal Computer Memory Card International Association PCMR Probability of Correct Message Receipt PCMT Personal Computer Message Terminal PCTE Portable Common Tools Environment PDA Personal Digital Assistant PDES Product Data Exchange using STEP PDF Portable Document Format PDF Probability Density Function PDU Protocol Data Unit PDE Precision Engagement PID Protocol Identifier Data PIF Picture Interchange Format File PIF Program Interrupt Controller PIN Personal Identification Number PIN Process Identification Number PIO Processor Input/Output PIPS Polar Ice Prediction System PK Probability of Kill PKI Public Key Infrastructure PLA Plain Language Address PLAD Plain Language Address Designator PLEXUS Phillips Laboratory Expert User System PM Program Manager PM ITTS Project Manager for Instrumentation, Targets, and Threat Simulations PMAW Power and Mobility Aware Wireless protocol PMSP Preliminary Message Security Protocol PNP Plug and Play POM Program Objectives Memorandum PPDB Point Positioning Data Base PTP Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol PRF Pulse Repetition Frequency PRN Packet Radio Network PROM Programmable Read-Only Memory PSA Principal Staff Assistant PSTN Public Switched Telephone Network PTP Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol PTT Push To Talk PVC Permanent Virtual Circuit PVD Plain View Display PVO Private Voluntary Organization
Q/IQuestion/Issue QA Quality Assurance QAM Quadrature Amplitude Modulation QBE Query By Example QBF Query By Form QC Quality Control QDE Quality Data Evaluation QDOS Quick and Dirty Operating System QDR Quality Deficiency Report QFA Quick File Access QoS Quality of Service QPSK Quadrature Phase Shift Keying
R-TReal-Time R&A Review and Analysis R&D Research and Development RAC Reliability Analysis Center RAM Random Access Memory RAM Reliability, Availability, and Maintainability RARP Reverse Address Resolution Protocol RASPUTIN Rapid Scenario Preparation Unit for Intelligence RAV Robotic Air Vehicle RBBS Remote Bulletin Board System RCAS Reserve Component Automation System RC Routing Control RCC Range Commanders Council RDA Remote Database Access RDA Research, Development, and Acquisition RDADS Real Time Data Acquisition And Display System RDAISA Research, Development and Acquisition Information Systems Agency RDB Relational Database RDBMS Relational Data Base Management System RDT&E Research, Development, Test and Evaluation REA Remote Entity Approximation REDCAP Real-Time Electromagnetic Data Processor and Analyzer REFORGER Return of Forces to Germany RESA Research, Evaluation, and System Analysis RF Radio Frequency RFI Request for Information RFP Request for Proposals RFPI Rapid Force Projection Initiative RFS Remote File Sharing RFSS Radio Frequency Simulation System RGS Remote Ground Station RHCP Right Hand Circular Polarization RID RTI Initialization Data RIMS Radar Image Modeling System RIP Routing Information Protocol RISC Reduced Instruction Set Computer RLF Reuse Library Framework RLMS Radar Land Mass Simulator ROAMS Reusable Object Access and Management System ROM Read Only Memory ROM Rough Order of Magnitude ROMC Required Operational Messaging Characteristics ROSE Remote Operation Service Element ROV Range of View ROV Remotely Operated Vehicle ROW Rest of the World ROW Return Order Wire ROW Reverse Order Wire RPC Remote Procedure Call RRDB Rapidly Reconfigurable Data Base RRDS Reduced Resolution Data Set RS Relay System RTCS Real Time Clock System RTF Rich Text Format RTI Runtime Infrastructure RTIC real-time information in the cockpit RTOS Reconfigurable Tactical Operations Simulator RTOS Real Time Operating System RTS Request to Send RTV Real Time Video RWM Read-Write Memory
S/WSoftware S&E Science and Engineering S&M Simulation and Modeling S&T Science and Technology S&TP Science and Technology Program SA Studies and Analysis SA Signal Assets SA Situational Awareness SAC Senate Appropriations Committee SAC Senior Advisory Council SADS Simulated Air Defense System SAF Semi-Automated Forces SAFOR Semi-Automated Forces SALT Society for Applied Learning Technology SAM Surface-to-Air Missile SAN Satellite Access Node SAN Storage Area Network SASC Senate Armed Services Committee SASER Synthetic Atmosphere and Space Environment Representations SATCOM Satellite Communications SBIRS Space-Based Infra Red System SBIS Sustaining Base Information System SBLC Sustaining Base Level Computer SCCB Software Configuration Control Board SCDL Surveillance and Control Data Link SCIPMIS Standard Civilian Personnel Management Information System SCORES Scenario Oriented Recurring Evaluation System SCM Software Configuration Management SDLC Synchronous Data Link Control (IBM) SDM Sub-Rate Data Multiplexer SDMA Space Division Multiple Access SDNS Secure Data Network System SDP Software Development Plan Or Procedure SDRB Specifications and Data Review Board SE Synthetic Environment SEACATT Sea Combined Arms Tactical Trainer SEAD Suppression of Enemy Air Defenses SEAMLSS Simulation and Evaluation of Adaptive Mobile Large Scale Network Systems SEF Secretary of Defense SECOMO Software Engineering Cost Model SED Software Engineering Directorate SEE Software Engineering Environments SEI Software Engineering Institute SEM Spherical Earth Model SEM Simulation, Engineering and Modeling SF Synthetic Forces SGD Symbolized Graphics Data SGEN Signal Generator SGLS Space-Ground Link System (USAF) SGML Standard Generalized Markup Language SHADE Shared Data Engineering SIF Standard Simulator Data Base (SSDB) Interchange Format SIF System Integration Facilities SIFT Simulation Interface Toolset SIG Special Interest Group SIGINT Signals Intelligence SIL System Integration Laboratories SIMCON Simulation Converter SIMNET Simulation Network SIMTECH Simulation Technology Program SIMWG Simulation Working Group SINCGARS Single Channel Ground and Air Radio System SIPRNET Secret Internet Protocol Router Network SMA Spatial Multiple Access SMART Simulation & Modeling for Acquisition, Requirements and Training SMART Susceptibility Model Assessment and Range Test SMDS Switched Multi-megabit Data Service SME Subject Matter Expert SMF System Management Function SMTA Subordinate Message Transfer Agent SMTP Simple Message Transfer Protocol SNA System Network Architecture SND Standardized Nomenclature Database SNMP Simple Network Management Protocol SNNAP Statistical Neural Network Analysis Package SNODEP Snow Depth Model SNP Subnetwork Protocol SNR Signal to Noise Ratio SNS Secure Network Server Soar State operator and result SOCC Satellite Operations Control Center SOE Synthetic Operating Environment SOE Standard Operating Environment SOF Special Operations Forces SOFATS Special Operations Forces Aircrew Training System SOFNET-JCM Special Operations Forces Inter-Simulation Network - Joint Conflict Model SOFPARS Special Operations Forces Planning and Rehearsal System SOL Simulation Oriented Language SOM Simulation Object Model SONET Synchronous Optical Network SoS System-of-systems SOTA State of the Art SOW Statement of Work SPAWAR Space and Naval Warfare Systems Command SPCR Software Problem Change Requests SPD Standards Planning Database SPPD Signal ProcessOr Package Design SPRAE Stochastic Predictor of Artillery Effectiveness SPS Software Product Specification SQA Software Quality Assurance SQL Structured Query Language SQL/DS Structured Query Language/Data System SQP Software Quality Program SQPP Software Quality Program Plan SQuASH Stochastic Quantitative Analysis of System Hierarchies (Computer model for predicting terminal ballistic effects) SRP Software Reuse Program SRR System or Software Readiness Review SRS System or Software Requirements Specification SSA Software Support Activity SSCDB Subsurface Currents Data Base SSF Software Support Facilities SSGM Strategic Scene Generation Model SSMC Symbology Standards Management Committee SSP Simulation Support Plan SSR Software Specification Review SSTORM Structured Scenario Torpedo Operational Requirements Model SS&T Space, Science and Technology STACCS Standardized Theater Army Command and Control System STADLS Surrogate Threat Air Defense Laser System SE Scenario Toolkit and Generation Environment STARS Software Technology for Adaptable Reliable Software STARS SHAPE Technical Center Adaptable Radar Simulator STARS Software Technology for Adaptable, Reliable Systems STDL Submarine Tactical Data Link Program STE Surface Threat Emitter Or Special Test Equipment STEP Standard for the Exchange of Product Model Data STK Satellite Toolkit STM Synchronous Transfer Mode STOW Synthetic Theater of War STOW-E Synthetic Theater of War - Europe STR Software Trouble Reports STRICOM Simulation, Training and Instrumentation Command STVLS Surrogate Threat Visible Laser System SURVIAC Survivability/Vulnerability Information Analysis Center SWCI Software Configuration Item SWEG Simulated Warfare Environment Generator SWIL Software-in-the-Loop SWIP Software Improvement Program SYNB Synthetic Battlefield SYNC Synchronous SYSGEN System Generator SYSLOG System LogT
T&ETest and Evaluation T&S Training and Simulation TA Technical Architecture TACAMO Take Charge and Move Out TACCIMS Theater Automated Command Control Information Management System TACCSF Theater Air Command and Control Simulation Facility TACSIM Tactical Simulation TACTICS-II Tactical Information Control System II TACTS Tactical Aircrew Combat Training System TADIL Tactical Digital Information Link TAFIM Technical Architecture Framework for Information Management TAG Technical Advisory Group TAGS Tactical Gamma Ray Simulator TAIS Telecommunications and Automated Information Systems TAMD Theater Air and Missile Defense TAMMIS Theater Army Medical Management Information System TAP Technology Area Plan TAT TACSIM ALSP Translator TBS To Be Determined TBIS Technology Base Investment Strategy TCC Telecommunications center TCP Transmission Control Protocol TCP/IP Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol TCSEC Trusted Computer System Evaluation Criteria TD/CM Technical Data/Configuration Management TD/CMS Technical Data/Configuration Management System TDDS Tactical Data Distribution System TDI Trusted Database Interpretation TDL Tactical Data Link TDM Time Division Multiplexer TDMA Time Division Multiple Access TDP TSPI Data Processor TDP Test Design Plan TDP Technical Data Package TDSS Training Devices, Simulations, and Simulators TEAM Threat Engagement Analysis Model TEAM Technology Base Enhancements for Autonomous Machines TEC Topographic Engineering Center TEGEN Tactical Environment Generator TEMITS Test and Evaluation Management Information and Tracking System TEMPEST Security class involving compromise of classified data through interception of electronic impulses. TEMS Test and Evaluation Mission Simulator TERIS Test and Evaluation Range Internet System TES Tactical Engagement Simulation TF Task Force TFA Transparent File Access TFDD Text File Device Driver TIBS Tactical Information Broadcast System TID Touch Interactive Display TIDS Tactical Information Distribution System TIES Terrain Imagery Exploitation System TIIP Topographic Imagery Integration Prototype TIM Tactical Internet Model TIM Technical Integration Manager TIREM Terrain-Integrated Rough-Earth Model TLD Top Level Demonstrations TLM Topographic Line Maps TLSP Transport Layer Security Protocol TMIG Theater Mobile Information Grid TMS Telecommunications Management System TNI Trusted Network Interpretation TOPS Thermodynamic Ocean Prediction System TORA Temporarily Ordered Routing Algorithm TOSL Tactical Ocean Simulation Laboratory TPFDD Time-Phased Force and Deployment Data TRAC TRADOC Analysis Center TRADOC U.S. Army Training and Doctrine Command TRI-TAC Tri-Service Tactical Communications TRM Technical Reference Model TRS Thermal Radiation Simulator TRS Training, Readiness & Simulation TSIG Trusted Systems Interoperability Group TSPI Time, Space, and Position Information TT&C Telemetry, Tracking and Command TWG Technical Working Group TWINS Tactical Wideband Network System TWSTIAC Tactical Warfare Simulation and Technical Information Analysis Center
UACGUpper Air Gridded Climatology Data Base UAV Unmanned Aerial Vehicles UC or U/C Up Converter UCC Unified Combatant Command UCI User-Computer Interface UD User Domain UGDF Uniform Gridded Data Field UHF Ultra High Frequency UI UNIX International UIDL User Interface Definition Language UIMS User Interface Management System UISRM User Interface System Reference Model ULANA Unified Local Area Network Architecture ULMS Unit-Level Message Switch UN United Nations UNA Use No Abbreviations UNMA Unified Network Management Architecture USA United States Army USACOM U.S. Atlantic Command USAES U.S. Army Engineer School USAEUR U.S. Amy, Europe USAF United States Air Force USAFACS U.S. Army Field Artillery Center and School, Fort Sill, Oklahoma USAFAS U.S. Army Field Artillery School USAFE United States Air Force Europe USAF/XOM U.S. Air Force Directorate of Modeling, Simulation and Analysis USAHEL U.S. Army Human Engineering Laboratory USAIS U.S. Army Infantry School USAISC U.S. Army Information System Command USASSDC US Army Space and Strategic Defense Command USCENTCOM U.S. Central Command USCG U.S. Coast Guard USCINCPAC U. S. Commander-in-Chief Pacific USD(A&T) Under Secretary of Defense for Acquisition & Technology USEUCOM U.S. European Command USFIB U.S. Foreign Intelligence Board USFK U.S. Forces Korea USJFCOM United States Joint Forces Command USMC United States Marine Corps USMCR United States Marine Corps Reserve USMTF U.S. Message Text Format USN United States Navy USNO United States Naval Observatory USO Unix Software Organization USPACOM U.S. Pacific Command USSOCOM U.S. Special Operations Command USSOUTHCOM U.S. Southern Command USSPACOM U.S. Space Command USTRANSCOM U.S. Transportation Command UTACCS U.S. Army Europe Theater Automated Command Control System UT Universal Time UTE Unmanned Threat Emitter UTM Universal Transverse Mercator UTSS Universal Threat System for Simulators UUCP Unix-to-Unix Copy UW Unconventional Warfare UWEF Underwater Evaluation Facility
VAVeteran's Affairs, Department of VAFB Vandenberg Air Force Base VCI Virtual Channel Identifier VEMPS Vertically Polarized Electromagnetic Pulse Simulator VGDEM Variable Generalized Digital Environmental Model VHF Very High Frequency VHO Very High Orbit VHSIC Very High Speed Integrated Circuit VISTA Variable Stability In-Flight Simulator Test Aircraft VM Virtual Memory VME Virtual Memory Extender VMS Vertical motion simulator VMU Voice Message Unit VR Virtual Reality VSF Vetronics Simulation Facility VSR Visual Stimulation Research VSWR Voltage Standing Wave Ratio V&V Verification and Validation VV&A Verification, Validation and Accreditation VV&C Verification, Validation and Certification VSAT Very Small Aperture Terminal
WANWide Area Network WARSIM Warfighters Simulation WATM Wireless ATM WB WAR Breaker WBSS Wideband Digital Switching System WBSV Wideband Secure Voice WEAM Weapons Effectiveness Analysis Model WES Waterways Experiment Station WEST Weapons Effectiveness Simulated Threat WGS 84 World Geodetic System 1984 WINDS Weather in Distributed Interactive WIN-T Warfighter Information Network - Terrestrial WMD Weapons of Mass Destruction WORM Write Once Read Many WPC Warrior Preparation Center WPE Word Processing Equipment WRDB Water Resources Data Base WSMC Western Space and Missile Center WTR Western Test Range (See WSMC) WWMCCS World Wide Military Command and Control System WWOLS World Wide On-Line System WWW World Wide Web
YPGYuma Proving Ground
ZULUGreenwich Meantime
3-D.Three-dimensional, refers to the visual display that exhibits breadth, height and thickness or depth. Standard 2-D computer images and television displays create a flat image with only height and breadth. [DSMC 2]
6 DOF. Six degrees of freedom, refers to the number of simultaneous directions or inputs a sensor can measure. Typically used to describe the combination of spatial positions ( X, Y, Z) and orientation (roll, pitch, yaw). [DSMC 2]
Absorbing Markov Chain Model. A Markov chain model that has at least one absorbing state and in which from every state it is possible to get to at least one absorbing state. [DIS; IEEE]
Absorbing State. In a Markov chain model, a state that cannot be left once it is entered. [DIS; IEEE]
Abstraction. Abstraction denotes the essential characteristics of an object that distinguish it from all other kinds of objects and thus provide crisply defined conceptual boundaries, relative to the perspective of the user. [DMSO 93 SAFOR Survey]
Accessibility. The ease of approaching, entering, or obtaining. [DoD 8320.1-M-3]
Accreditation. The official certification that a model or simulation is acceptable for use for a specific purpose. [DoDD 5000.59; JCS Pub 1-02; DODI 5000.XX; DIS; MSMP]
Accreditation Agent. The organization designated by the accreditation sponsor to conduct an accreditation assessment for a M&S application. [DoDI 5000.XX]
Accreditation Authority. An individual occupying a position with the appropriate rank, grade, responsibility and/or authority to accredit a model, simulation, or federation of models and/or simulations for a particular purpose or purposes. [DoDI 5000.XX]
Accreditation Process. The procedure followed by the M&S application sponsor that culminates in the accreditation determination. [DA PAM 5- 11]
Accreditation Sponsor. The DoD Component or other organization with the responsibility for accrediting a model, simulation, or federation of models and/or simulations for a specific use or series of uses (e.g., for joint training or a Defense Acquisition Board milestone review). [DoDI 5000.XX]
Accuracy. The degree of exactness of a model or simulation, high accuracy implying low error. [DIS]
Action Plans. A plan for addressing one of the sub-objectives identified in the main body of the DoD M&S Master Plan. Each Action Plan outlines the needs associated with its subj-objective, states a vision or target state to be reached to address those needs, and a road map that outlines current, planned, or suggested activities that must be performed to reach the target state. [MSMP]
Activity. In modeling and simulation, a task that consumes time and resources and whose performance is necessary for a system to move from one event to the next. [IEEE]
Activity-Based Simulation. A discrete simulation that represents the components of a system as they proceed from activity to activity; for example, a simulation in which a manufactured product moves from station to station in an assembly line. [DIS, IEEE]
Activity Models. Models of the processes that make up the functional activity showing inputs, outputs, controls, and mechanisms through which the processes of the functional activity are (or will be) conducted. [DoD 8320.1-M]
Ada. A high order computer language designed and developed to DoD requirements for modular standard language. While the original focus was for real-time embedded software, Ada has also been used for a variety of other software systems including some simulation systems. [DSMC 1]
Advanced Concept Technology Demonstration (ACTD). Technology demonstrations that are tightly focused on specific military concepts and that provide the incorporation of technology into a warfighting system is still at an informal stage. The ACTDs have three motivations: 1) to have the user gain an understanding of and to evaluate the military utility before committing to acquisition; 2) to develop corresponding concepts of operation and doctrine that make best use of the new capability; and 3) to provide the residual operational capability to the forces. ACTDs are of militarily significant scope and of a size sufficient to establish utility. [Defense S&T Strategy (draft), 1994]
Advanced Distributed Simulation (ADS). A set of disparate models or simulations operating in a common synthetic environment in accordance with the Distributed Interactive Simulation (DIS) standards. The ADS may be composed of three modes of simulation: live, virtual and constructive which can be seamlessly integrated within a single exercise. See also: live simulation; virtual simulation; constructive simulation. [DIS]
Aggregate Level Simulation Protocol (ALSP). A family of simulation interface protocols and supporting infrastructure software that permit the integration of distinct simulations and war games. Combined, the interface protocols and software enable large-scale, distributed simulations and war games of different domains to interact at the combat object and event level. The most widely known example of an ALSP confederation is the Joint/Service Training Confederation (CBS, AWSIM, JECEWSI, RESA, MTWS, TACSIM, CSSTSS) which has provided the backbone to many large, distributed, simulation-supported exercises. Other examples of ALSP confederations include confederations of analytical models that have been formed to support US Air Force, US Army, and US TRANSCOM studies. [MSMP]
Aggregation. The ability to group entities while preserving the effects of entity behavior and interaction while grouped. See also: disaggregation. [MSMP]
Algorithm. A prescribed set of well-defined, unambiguous rules or processes for the solution of a problem in a finite number of steps. [AFI 16-102; DSMC 1]
Algorithm Checks. A rigorous verification of the mathematics of an algorithm to ensure freedom from any errors in the expression (e.g., incorrect signs, incorrect variables applied in the equations, derivation errors) and to ensure that the algorithms are consistent with their stated intents. [DIS]
Alternate Key. Property or characteristic that can be used as a secondary identifier for an entity or entity class. [DoD 8320.1-M-X]
Analytical Model. A model consisting of a set of solvable equations; for example, a system of solvable equations that represents the laws of supply and demand in the world market.[IEEE; DIS]
Architecture. The structure of components in a program/system, their interrelationships, and the principles and guidelines governing their design and evolution over time. [MSMP; IEEE Standard 610.12]
Artificial Intelligence (AI). The part of computer science concerned with designing intelligent computer systems, that is, systems that exhibit the characteristics usually associated with intelligence in human behavior -- understanding language, learning, reasoning, solving problems, and so on. [Hndbk of Artfcl Intell]
Associative Entity. An entity that inherits its primary key from two or more other entities (those that are associated). An associative entity is used to represent many-to-many relationships. [JDBE]
Asynchronous Transmission. Transmission in which each information character is individually synchronized (usually by the use of start elements and stop elements). [MSETT - Intro to Netwkng, Pub 9]
Asynchronous Transfer Mode ATM). A multiplexing protocol based on a small 53-byte fixed-length cell designed to efficiently transfer several sources of data over a single carrier at high speeds. [IDA ADS Paper]
Atmosphere. A kind of mission space entity. The mass of air surrounding the earth and the features embedded within it, including clouds, smoke, and fog. [DMSO-ERTWG]
Attribute. A property or characteristic of one or more entities; for example, COLOR, WEIGHT, SEX. Also, a property inherent in an entity or associated with that entity for database purposes. [DoD 8320.1-M; DoD 8320.1-M-1; FIPS Pub 11-3]
Attribute Fidelity. An enumerated value representing the degree of the object state uncertainty inherent in published values of the attribute. [DMSO-HLA] Attribute Overloading. The ability of an attribute to carry one of two or more separate facts. [JDBE]
Attribute Ownership. The property of a simulation that gives it the responsibility to publish values for a particular object attribute. [DMSO- HLA]
Attributive Entity. An entity that has the same primary key as the parent and additional attributes that eliminate the occurrence of repeating groups in the parent. [DoD 8320.1-M-X]
Authoritative Data Source. A data source whose products have undergone producer data VV&C activities. [Army-TRADOC]
Authoritative Representation. Models, algorithms, and data that have been developed or approved by a source which has accurate technical knowledge of the entity or phenomenon to be modeled and its effects.[MSMP -- Chapter 4 Footnote]
Automated Forces (AFOR). The most automated of the computer generated forces which requires little or no human interaction. [MSMP]
Automated Information System (AIS). A combination of computer hardware and computer software, data, and/or telecommunications that performs functions such as collecting, processing, storing, transmitting, and displaying information. Excluded are computerresources, both hardware and software, that are: physically part of, dedicated to, or essential in real time to the mission performance of weapon systems; used for weapon system specialized training, simulation, diagnostic test and maintenance, or calibration; or used for research and development of weapon systems. [DoD 8320.1-M]
Autonomous. A battlefield entity which does not require the presence of another battlefield entity in order to conduct its own simulation in the battlefield environment is said to be autonomous. All DIS compliant battlespace entities are autonomous in that they are responsible for creating their own view of the environment. [MSETT - Intro to Netwkng Pub 6]
Battlefield Entity.A simulation entity which corresponds to actual equipment, supplies, and personnel that can be seen or sensed on a real battlefield. Platform level battlefield entities include aircraft ships, armor vehicles, dismounted infantry soldiers, guided missiles, command posts, trucks, etc. Unit level entities, such as platoons, companies, etc. can be considered as battlefield entities, but they will not be DIS compliant until the standards are broadened to incorporate them. A battlefield entity incorporates a direct soldier/machine interface which replicates the soldier/machine interface of the actual battlefield entity. [MSETT]
Battlespace. Battlespace refers both to the physical environment in which the simulated warfare will take place and the forces that will conduct the simulated warfare. All elements which support the front line forces (e.g., logistics, intelligence) are included in this definition of battlespace. [MSMP]
Battlespace Data Base. Database which defines the specific domain of an engagement. It includes the parametric data needed to generate an operating version of the SIMWORLD. When combined with the SESSION data base (which provides the scenario and other simulation specific data), the BATTLESPACE can generate an exercise. The BATTLESPACE in all caps is used as a shortened notation for "Battlespace Data Base." [MSETT - Intro to Netwkng Pub 6]
Battlespace Entity. A simulation entity which corresponds to actual equipment, supplies, and personnel that can be seen or sensed on a real battlefield. [MSETT - Intro to Netwkng, Pub 3]
Behavior. For a given object, how attribute value changes effect (or are effected by) the object attribute value changes of the same or other objects. [DMSO-HLA]
Benchmark. The activity of comparing the results of a model or simulation with an accepted representation of the process being modeled. [DIS]
Benchmarking. The comparison between a model's output and the outputs of other models or simulations, all of which represent the same input and environmental conditions. [MORS; SMART]
Best Effort Service. A communication service in which transmitted data is not acknowledged. Such data typically arrives in order, complete and without errors. However, if an error occurs, or a packet is not delivered, nothing is done to correct it (e.g., there is no retransmission). [IEEE 1278.1]
Bit. The smallest unit of information in the binary system of notation. [DIS; IEEE 1278.1]
Black Box Model. A model whose inputs, outputs, and functional performance are known, but whose internal implementation is unknown or irrelevant; for example, a model of a computerized change-return mechanism in a vending machine, in the form of a table that indicates the amount of change to be returned for each amount deposited. Syn: input/output model. Contrast with: glass box model. [DIS; IEEE]
Boundary Condition. The values assumed by the variables in a system, model, or simulation when one or more of them is at a limiting value at the edge of the domain of interest. Contrast with: final condition; initial condition. [DIS; IEEE]
Broadcast. A transmission model in which a single message is sent to all network destinations, i.e., one-to-all. Broadcast is a special case of multicast. Contrast with: multicast; unicast. [DIS; IEEE 1278.2]
Browsing. Opportunity for users to freely examine and peruse through the contents of a database. [DMSO]
Built-in-Simulation. A special-purpose simulation provided as a component of a simulation language; for example, a simulation of a bank that can be made specific by stating the number of tellers, number of customers, and other parameters. [DIS; IEEE]
Built-in-Simulator. A simulator that is built-in to the system being modeled; for example, an operator training simulator built into the control panel of a power plant such that the system can operate in simulator mode or in normal operating mode. [DIS; IEEE] Bundling. The process of packing separate Protocol Data Units (PDU) into composite or aggregated PDU. Contrast with: unbundling. [DIS]
Business Rule. A statement or fact that defines the constraints and relationships between data elements. [DoD 8320.1-M-X]
C++ (C-Plus-Plus).A high order computer language used extensively in commercial software. C++ is an object oriented extension to the C language. [DSMC 1]
Candidate Key. An attribute or group of attributes that might be chosen as a primary key. [JDBE]
Cardinality. A statement of the number of entity instances that may or must participate at each end of a relationship. [JDBE]
Cardinality. Number of objects in the simulation. [DMSO]
Catalogue. An enumeration of M&S data, or other items arranged systematically with descriptive details such as setup time, running time, developer, point of contact, etc. [Army; DMSO]
Category I. A time management discipline that generally computes simulation time as the combination of scaled wall clock time plus an offset value. Category I simulations are often referred to as real time simulations. [DMSO-HLA]
Category II. A time management discipline that generally computes simulation time as a function of the most recent value of simulation time and the simulation's current state. Category II simulations are often referred to as logical time simulations. [DMSO-HLA]
Cell. A cell is a set of simulation entities using fully consistent databases and simulations, i.e. the simulation models have been specifically designed to work together. All entities within a cell must have unrestricted broadcast of datagram messages to all other entities within the cell. By definition, the entities in a cell are homogeneous, and at the same security classification level. For example, a set of interconnected SIMNET simulators using the same terrain database constitute a cell. A cell is usually located on a single local network, but it is possible to distribute one over a wide area network if sufficient bandwidth is available and latency is low enough to maintain coherency. If any type of interface is required to network with a remote site, the two sites are different cells. [MSETT - Intro to Netwkng Pub 6] Cell Interface Unit (CIU). A processing module which interfaces a Distributed Interactive Simulation (DIS) Standard Cell with the virtual network. One device is required for each standard cell. CIUs provide intercell services such as message filtering, translation of messages, data compression, and aggregation/deaggregation of simulation entities operating at different representation levels. [MSETT-Intro to Netwk Pub 6]
Cell Adapter Unit (CAU). A CAU interfaces a non-standard cell with the virtual network. It is functionally equivalent to a CIU, except that it adapts non-DIS cells to the DIS network by translating their messages to DIS PDUs and performs other services necessary to make their output DIS complaint. It also translates DIS PDUs into the format needed by the non- standard cells. [MSETT - Intro to Netwkng Pub 6]
Central Station. A computer connected to a local area network that transmits/receives simulation management protocol data units at the direction of the simulation manager. [MSETT - Pub 3]
Class. A description of a group of objects with similar properties, common behavior, common relationships, and common semantics. [DMSO]
Class Word. A word in the name of a data element describing the category to which the data element belongs; e.g., "date", "name", "code." The word establishes the general structure and domain of a standard data element.[DoD 8320.1-M-1; DoD 8320.1-M-X; NBS Special Pub 500-149]
Closed-form Solution. A closed-form solution for representing time in dynamic models is a method in which the states or statuses of resources are described as explicit and computationally tractable functions of time. Thus, the status of a resource at time "t" can be found by evaluating the appropriate function at "t", without having to simulate combat from the start of that combat through time "t". [SIMTAX]
Code Verification. A rigorous audit of all compilable code to ensure that the representations of verified logic have been properly implemented in the computer code. [DA PAM 5-11; DSMC]
Coenetic Variable. In modeling, a variable that affects both the system under consideration and that system's environment. [IEEE]
Cohesion. Cohesion refers to the degree to which the contents of a module are logically related. [DMSO 93 SAFOR Survey]
Combatant Command (s). One of the unified or specified combatant commands established by the President of the United States. (Combatant Commands currently include: US Atlantic Command (USACOM); US Central Command (USCENTCOM); US European Command (USEUCOM); US Pacific Command (USPACOM); US Southern Command (USSOUTHCOM); US Space Command (USSPACOM); US Special Operations Command (USSOCOM); US Strategic Command (USSTRATCOM); and, US Transportation Command (USTRANSCOM)). [DoDD 5000.59; MSMP; DoDI 5000.XX]
Command and Control Warfare (C2W). The integrated use of operations security (OPSEC), military deception, psychological operations (PSYOP), electronic warfare (EW), and physical destruction, mutually supported by intelligence, to deny information to, influence, degrade, or destroy adversary C2 capabilities, while protecting friendly C2 capabilities against such actions. [MSMP]
Command Forces (CFOR). An ARPA ADS Program with the goal to represent C4I in DIS. [MSMP]
Commander-in-Chief (CINC). A position established under the authority of Title 10, United States Code, to designate an officer assigned by the President as the commander of a Combatant Command and who is directly responsible to the President of the United States and Secretary of Defense for the performance of missions assigned to that command by the President or by the Secretary of Defense with the approval of the President. Subject to the direction of the President, the commander of a combatant command (a) performs his duties under the authority, direction, and control of the Secretary of Defense and (b) is directly responsible to the Secretary of Defense for the preparedness of the command to carry out missions assigned to the command. [DoDD 5000.59; MSMP; DoDI 5000.XX]
Common Data Base. A general term used to describe the collection of DIS compliant data base libraries, specifications and standards. Exercise data bases (including all cell and intercell data bases) draw from the DIS CDB and are constrained by the standards imposed by the DIS CDB. [MSETT - Intro to Netwkng Pub 6]
Common-Use M&S. M&S applications, services, or materials provided by a DoD Component to two or more DoD Components.[DoDD 5000.59; DODI 5000.XX]
Complex Data. Data that cannot be characterized as a single concept, atomic data element as defined in DoD 8320.1-M-1. Complex data includes most scientific and technical data. It has been recently categorized by the Complex Data Task Force into: (a) highly derived data (e.g., probability hit/kill); (b) objects utilizing the concepts of multiple inheritance (e.g., student-assistant is subclass of student class and employee class), multiple root hierarchies (e.g., a tank is a vehicle and a tank is a weapon where "vehicle" and "weapon" are each roots), and polymorphic attributes (e.g., "capacity" for different types of aircraft may mean number of people, pounds of cargo, or gallons of fuel); (c) compositions such as command hierarchies, road networks, images (binary large objects (BLOBS), compound documents; and (d) artifacts of legacy systems and physical constraints (e.g., aircraft category and mission in one data element, intelligence facility code where the first few bytes define how the rest of the field is used. [MSMP]
Composite Attribute. A single attribute that is composed of a specific set of identifiable pieces of information; e.g., an address made up of a street number, city, state, and zip code. [JDBE]
Composition. amed subset of the simulations in a particular federation intended to achieve some particular objective distinct from the federation. [DMSO-HLA]
Compression. Any of several techniques that reduce the number of bits required to represent information in data transmission or storage, therefore conserving bandwidth and/or memory, wherein the original form of the information can be reconstructed; also called compaction. [MSETT - Intro to Netwkng, Pub 11]
Computational Model. A model consisting of well-defined procedures that can be executed on a computer; for example, a model of the stock market, in the form of a set of equations and logic rules. [IEEE]
Computer Generated Forces (CGF). A generic term used to refer to computer representations of forces in simulations which attempts to model human behavior sufficiently so that the forces will take some actions automatically (without requiring man-in-the-loop interaction). Also referred to as Semi-automated Forces (SAFOR). DoD programs addressing various levels of computer automation of forces include CFOR, IFOR, and ModSAF.
Computer Hardware. Devices capable of accepting and storing computer data, executing a systematic sequence of operations on computer data, or producing control outputs. Such devices can perform substantial interpretation, computation, communication, control, or other logical functions. [DoD Std 2167A]
Computer Resources. The totality of computer hardware, firmware, software, personnel, documentation, supplies, services, and support services applied to a given effort. [DoDI 5000.2]
Computer Simulation. A dynamic representation of a model, often involving some combination of executing code, control/display interface hardware, and interfaces to real-world equipment. [DMSO]
Computer Software (or Software). A combination of associated computer instructions and computer data definitions required to enable the computer hardware to perform computational or control functions. [DoDI 5000.2]
Computer Software Documentation. Technical data or information, including computer listings and printouts, which documents the requirements, design, or details of computer software, explains the capabilities and limitations of the software, or provides operation instructions for using or supporting computer software during the software's operational life. [DoDI 5000.2]
Computer War Game. A technique by which different concepts, different pieces of hardware, or different military plans can be investigated in a multi-sided confrontation using a computer to generated displays of the battlefield and perform computations of outcomes. [AFI 16-102; DSMC 1]
Conceptual Model. A statement of the content and internal representations which are the user's and developer's combined concept of the model. It includes logic and algorithms and explicitly recognizes assumptions and limitations. [DIS]
Conceptual Schema. Descriptive representation of data and data requirements that supports the "logical" view or data administrator's view of the data requirement. This view is represented as a semantic model of the information that is stored about objects of interest to the functional area. This view is an integrated definition of the data that is unbiased toward any single application of data and is independent of how the data is physically stored or accessed. [DoD 8320.1-M]
Concrete Model. A model in which at least one component represented is a tangible object; for example, a physical replica of a building. [DIS; IEEE]
Concurrent Engineering. current engineering is a systematic approach to the integrated, concurrent design of products and their related processes, including manufacture and support. This approach is intended to cause the developers, from the outset, to consider all elements of the product life cycle from conception through disposal, including quality, cost, schedule, and user requirements. [Rpt of PAT on Military Specifications & Standards, Apr 94]
Concurrency. The property that distinguishes an active object from one that is not active. [DMSO 93 SAFOR Survey]
Condition. The values assumed at a given instant by the variables in a system, model, or simulation. See also: boundary condition; final condition; initial condition; state. [IEEE; DIS]
Conditional Event. A sequentially dependent event that will occur only if some other event has already taken place. See also: time-dependent event. [IEEE; DIS]
Configuration. A collection of an item's descriptive and governing characteristics, which can be expressed a) in functional terms, i.e., what performance the item is expected to achieve; and (b) in physical terms, i.e., what the item should look like and consist of when it is built. [DoDI 5000.2]
Configuration Item (CI). An aggregation of hardware, firmware, or computer software or any of their discrete portions, which satisfies an end use function and is designated by the Government for separate configuration management. Configuration items may vary widely in complexity, size, and type, from an aircraft, electronic, or ship system to a test meter or round of ammunition. Any item required for logistic support and designated for separate procurement is a configuration item. [DoDI 5000.2]
Configuration Management. The application of technical and administrative direction and surveillance to identify and document the functional and physical characteristics of a model or simulation, control changes, and record and report change processing and implementation status. [DA PAM 5-11; Army Mstr Plan; USMC Mstr Plan]
Consistency. Data is maintained so that it is free from variation or contradiction. [DoD 8320.1-M; DoD 8320.1-M-3]
Constant. A quantity or data item whose value cannot change. [IEEE]
Constructive Model or Simulation. See Live, Virtual and Constructive Simulation. [MSMP]
Continuous Model. A mathematical or computational model whose output variables change in a continuous manner. [IEEE; DIS]
Continuous Simulation. A simulation that uses a continuous model. [DIS; IEEE]
Continuous System. A system for which the state variables change continuously with respect to time. [DSMC 1]
Control Station. Facility which provides the individual responsible for controlling the simulation and which provides the capability to implement simulation control as Protocol Data Units (PDUs) on the Distributed Interactive Simulation (DIS) network. [DIS]
Controllability. In respect to user interface of SAFORs, this is the ability of a user to dynamically change the tactics or behavior of a force during the course of an exercise easily and efficiently, or to stop and restart an exercise from some interim point in time. [IDA ADS Paper]
Cooperative Development. roject in which two or more DoD Components share in domain research, technical studies, or technology development that may result in dissimilar M&S applications.[DoDD 5000.59; DODI 5000.XX; DSMC 1; MSETT]
Coordinate. Linear or angular quantities which designate the position that a point occupies in a given reference frame or system. Also used as a general term to designate the particular kind of reference frame or system, such as Cartesian coordinates or spherical coordinates. [MSETT - Intro to Netwkng, Pub 12]
Cost and Operational Effectiveness Analysis (COEA). An analysis of the estimated costs and operational effectiveness of alternative materiel systems to meet a mission need and the associated program for acquiring each alternative. [DoDI 5000.2; AFI 16-102]
Critical Event Simulation. A simulation that is terminated by the occurrence of a certain event; for example, a model depicting the year-by- year forces leading up to a volcanic eruption, that is terminated when the volcano in the model erupts. See also: time-slice simulation. [DIS; IEEE]
Cross-Functional Integration. The melding of acquisition functions (such as design analysis with logistics analysis) involving shared modeling and simulation data and information. [DSMC 1]
Cultural Features. Features of the environment that have been constructed by man. Included are such items as roads, buildings, canals, marker buoys; boundary lines, and, in a broad sense, all names and legends on a map. [DMSO-ERTWG]
Cybernetics. The study of human control functions and the mechanical and electronic systems designed to replace or emulate them, including computers. "Cyber," as a prefix, denotes anything related to computer environments, especially things that involve extensive interaction by the user. [DSMC 2]
Cyberspace. Any shared reality based computer connections. While virtual reality is a form of cyberspace, cyberspace is not a virtual reality. Also, a science-fiction term coined by William Gibson in his book Neuromancer to describe a virtual universe within a global computer network allegorical to the current telephone system, but providing a multisensory experience of "being there," not just an auditory experience. [DSMC 2]
Data.A representation of facts, concepts, or instructions in a formalized manner suitable for communication, interpretation, or processing by humans or by automatic means. [DoD 8320.1-M; DoD 8320.1-M-1; DoD 8320.1-M-X; DIS; FIPS Pub 11-3]
Data Administration (DAdm). The responsibility for definition, organization, supervision, and protection of data within an enterprise or organization. [DoDD 8320.1; DoD 8320.1-M]
Data Administrator (DAd). A person or group that ensures the utility of data used within an organization by defining data policies and standards, planning for the efficient use of data, coordinating data structures among organizational components, performing logical database design, and defining data security procedures. [DoDD 8320.1; DoD 8320.1-M; DoD 8320.1-M-1; DoD 8320.1-M-X; NBS Special Pub 500-152]
Data Architecture. The framework for organizing and defining the interrelationships of data in support of an organization's missions, functions, goals, objectives, and strategies. Data architectures provide the basis for the incremental, ordered design and development of databases based on successively more detailed levels of data modeling. [DoD 8320.1-M; DoD 8320.1-M-X]
Data Attribute. A characteristic of a unit of data such as length, value, or method of representation. [DoD 8320.1-M-1; FIPS Special Pub 500-152]
Data Center. An organization which serves as a conduit between data sources and data customers. The data center may transform these data as necessary to meet the operational requirements, format, security, and data VV&C provisions of its sources and supported users.[Army]
Data Certification. The determination that data have been verified and validated. Data user certification is the determination by the application sponsor or designated agent that data have been verified and validated as appropriate for the specific M&S usage. Data producer certification is the determination by the data producer that data have been verified and validated against documented standards or criteria. [MSMP]
Data Collection. The process of obtaining information that supports a functional activity, or information requirement. [DoD 8320.1-M]
Data Customer. An organization which uses data from a data source or center. [Army]
Data Dictionary. A specialized type of database containing metadata that is managed by a data dictionary system; a repository of information describing the characteristics of data used to design, monitor, document, protect, and control data in information systems and databases; an application of a data dictionary system. [DoDD 8320.1; DoD 8320.1-M-1; DoD 8320.1-M-X]
Data Dictionary System. An automated system such as an IRDS that can support one or more data dictionaries. A system specifically designed for managing a data dictionary. [NBS Special Pub 500-152; I/DB]
Data Element. A basic unit of information having a meaning and subcategories (data items) of distinct units and values (e.g., address). [JCS Pub 1-02; DoDD 8320.1; I/DB]
Data Element Standardization. The process of documenting, reviewing and approving unique names, definitions, characteristics and representations of data elements according to established procedures and conventions. [DoD 8320.1-M-1; DoD 8320.1-M-X]
Data Exchange Standard. Formally defined protocols for the format and content of data messages used for interchanging data between networked simulation and/or simulator nodes used to create and operate a distributed, time and space coherent synthetic environment. Current standards are ALSP and DIS PDUs. [Army Mstr Plan]
Data Entity. An object of interest to the enterprise, usually tracked by an automated system. [DoD 8320.1-M; DoD 8320.1-M-1; NBS Special Pub 500- 149]
Data Integrity. In information processing, the condition in which data is accurate, current, consistent, and complete [DoD 8320.1-M]
Data Logger. A device that accepts Protocol Data Units (PDUs) from the network and stores them for later replay on the network in the same time sequence as the PDUs were originally received. See also: Protocol Data Unit. [DIS; IEEE 1278.3]
Data Model. In a database, the user's logical view of the data in contrast to the physically stored data, or storage structure. A description of the organization of data in a manner that reflects the information structure of an enterprise. [DoD 8320.1-M; DoD 8320.1-M-1; FIPS Pub 11-3]
Data Quality. The correctness, timeliness, accuracy, completeness, relevance, and accessibility that make data appropriate for use. [DoD 8320.1-M; MSMP]
Data Repository. A specialized database containing information about data, such as meaning, relationships to other data, origin, usage, and format, including the information resources needed by an organization. [DoD 8320.1-M]
Data Security. The protection of data from accidental or intentional modification or destruction and from accidental or intentional disclosure to unauthorized personnel. [DoD 8320.1-M]
Data Source. organization or subject matter expert who, because of either mission or expertise, serves as a data producer. [Army TRADOC]
Data Standardization. The process of documenting, reviewing, and approving unique names, definitions, characteristics and representations of data according to established procedures and conventions. [DoD 8320.1- M; DoD 8320.1-M-1]
Data Standards. A capability that increase information sharing effectiveness by establishing standardization of data elements, database construction, accessibility procedures, system communication, data maintenance and control. [Army Mstr Plan]
Data Steward. Syn: data administrator.
Data Structure. The logical relationships which exist among units of data and the descriptive features defined for those relationships and data units; an instance or occurrence of a data model. [DoD 8320.1-M-1; DoD 8320.1-M-X; NBS Special Pub 500-152]
Data Synchronization. The timing requirements of a data element, or between and/or among data elements. [DoD 8320.1-M]
Data Validation. The documented assessment of data by subject area experts and its comparison to known values. Data user validation is an assessment as appropriate for use in an intended model. Data producer validation is an assessment within stated criteria and assumptions. [DIS; MSMP]
Data Value. A value associated with a data element. One of the allowable values of a data element. Synonym of "a data item." [DoD 8320.1]
Data Verification. Data producer verification is the use of techniques and procedures to ensure that data meets constraints defined by data standards and business rules derived from process and data modeling. Data user verification is the use of techniques and procedures to ensure that data meets user specified constraints defined by data standards and business rules derived from process and data modeling, and that data are transformed and formatted properly. [MSMP]
Data Verification, Validation & Certification (VV&C). The process of verifying the internal consistency and correctness of data, validating that it represents real world entities appropriate for its intended purpose or an expected range of purposes, and certifying it as having a specified level of quality or as being appropriate for a specified use, type of use, or range of uses. The process has two perspectives: producer and user process. [MSMP]
Database. A collection of interrelated data, often with controlled redundancy, organized according to a schema to serve one or more applications; the data are stored so that they can be used by different programs without concern for the data structure or organization. A common approach is used to add new data and to modify and retrieve existing data.[DoD 8320.1-M; DoD 8320.1-M-1; DoD 8320.1-M-X; FIPS Pub 11-3]
Database Administration (DBAdm). The activity responsible for the enforcement of the policies and standards established by the data administrator, to include providing technical support for physical database definition, design, implementation, maintenance, integrity, and security; and coordinating with computer operations technicians, system developers, vendors, and users. Database administration is oriented toward technical support for databases and the effective and efficient use of information technology resources.[DoD 8320.1-M]
Database Administrator (DBAd). A person or group that enforces policy of "how," "where," and "in what manner," data is stored and maintained in each database. Provides information to the Data Administrator (DA) on organizational use of data within the subject database. [DoDD 8320.1; I/DB]
Database Directory. A database of entries each of which represents information about a database or a directory of databases. Information includes the name of a database or directory, ownership, point of contact, access path to the database or directory, description of purpose of database, etc. [I/DB]
Database Management System (DBMS). A system that provides the functionality to support the creation, access, maintenance, and control of databases, and that facilitates the execution of application programs using data from these databases.[I/DB]
Dead Reckoning. The process of extrapolating emulation entity position/orientation based on the last known position/orientation, velocity, and (sometimes) higher-order derivatives of position vs. time and/or other vehicle dynamic characteristics. Syn: remote entity approximation (REA). [DIS]
Deaggregate. See: disaggregate.
Defense Simulation Internet (DSI). A wide-band telecommunications network operated over commercial lines with connectivity to both military and civilian satellites, allowing users to be linked on a world- wide wide-area network (WAN). [Master Plan]
Dependent Variable. A variable whose value is dependent on the values of one or more independent variables. Contrast with: independent variable. [DIS; IEEE]
Derived Federation Object Model (DFOM). A selected set of details derived from the Federation Object Model that are important to the correct operation of the Runtime Infrastructure (RTI). [DMSO-HLA]
Descriptive Model. A model used to depict the behavior or properties of an existing system or type of system; for example, a scale model or written specification used to convey to potential buyers the physical and performance characteristics of a computer. Contrast with: prescriptive model. [DIS; IEEE]
Deterministic. Pertaining to a process, model, simulation or variable whose outcome, result, or value does not depend upon chance. Contrast with: stochastic. [DIS]
Deterministic Algorithm. A process that yields a unique and predictable outcome for a given set of inputs.[AFI 16-102; DSMC 1]
Deterministic Model. A model in which the results are determined through known relationships among the states and events, and in which a given input will always produce the same output; for example, a model depicting a known chemical reaction. Contrast with: stochastic model. [DIS; IEEE]
Digital Simulation. (l) A simulation that is designed to be executed on a digital system. (2) A simulation that is designed to be executed on an analog system but that represents a digital system . (3) A simulation of a digital circuit. Contrast with: analog simulation. See also: hybrid simulation. [DIS; IEEE]
Disaggregate. An activity which decomposes an aggregate entity into multiple entities. [DIS]
Disaggregation. The ability to represent the behavior of an aggregated unit in terms of its component entities. If the aggregate representation did not maintain state representations of the individual entities, then the decomposition into the entities can only be notional. [MSMP]
Discrete Model. A mathematical or computational model whose output variables take on only discrete values; that is, in changing from one value to another, they do not take on the intermediate values; for example, a model that predicts an organization's inventory levels based on varying shipments and receipts. Contrast with: continuous model. [DIS; IEEE] Discrete Simulation. A simulation that uses a discrete model. [DIS; IEEE]
Discrete System. A system for which the state variables change instantaneously at separated points in time. [AFI 16-102; DSMC 1]
Distributed Interactive Simulation (DIS). (1) Program to electronically link organizations operating in the four domains: advanced concepts and requirements; military operations; research, development, and acquisition; and training. (2) A synthetic environment within which humans may interact through simulation(s) at multiple sites networked using compliant architecture, modeling, protocols, standards, and data bases. [M&S Mstr Plan]
Distributed Interactive Simulation (DIS) Compatible. Two or more simulations/simulators are DIS compatible if (1) they are DIS compliant and (2) their models and data that send and interpret PDUs support the realization of a common operational environment among the systems (coherent in time and space). [DIS {VVA Subgroup}]
Distributed Interactive Simulation (DIS) Compliant. A simulation/ simulator is DIS compliant if it can send and receive PDUs in accordance with IEEE Standard 1278 and 1278 (Working Drafts). A specific statement must be made regarding the qualifications of each PDU. [DIS{VVA Subgroup}]
Distributed Interactive Simulation (DIS) Control. A mechanism which assists users of Distributed Interactive Simulation to direct or dictate aspects of a DIS exercise. See also: distributed interactive simulation. [DIS]
Distributed Interactive Simulation (DIS) Network. simulation communications network created as a result of the connection of multiple Distributed Interactive Simulation (DIS) nodes during DIS exercises. [DIS]
Distributed Interactive Simulation (DIS) Network Interface Library. A software library required for an application to interface to the network at the revision level defined by the protocol data unit standard indicated. This is the common building block for all Distributed Interactive Simulation (DIS) architecture components. [DIS]
Distributed Interactive Simulation (DIS) Network Manager. A specified agency with the responsibility to manage the physical network used for distributed simulation. Responsibilities include: ensuring security of network; scheduling of utilization; establishing network priorities; monitoring execution of scheduled usage; coordinating functional, technical, and user communities' network requirements. [DIS]
Distributed Interactive Simulation (DIS) Protocol Data Unit (PDU). A standard that specifies the format and structure in which data will be organized. The general purpose is to facilitate the electronic transfer of data between agencies with software; specifically, DIS PDUs are designed to enable communications between different types of simulators, simulations, and models. The Institute for Simulation and Training (IST) is providing the lead in the development of the PDU architecture for DIS. [DIS]
Distributed Interactive Simulation (DIS) User/Sponsor. Customer requiring Distributed Interactive Simulation (DIS) resources to address training, testing, operational, or analysis objectives. [DIS]
DoD Components. The Office of the Secretary of Defense (OSD), the Military Departments, the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, the Combatant commands, the Inspector General of the Department of Defense, the Defense Agencies; and the DoD Field Activities. [DoDD 5000.59]
DoD M&S Executive Agent. A DoD Component to whom the USD(A&T) has assigned responsibility and delegated authority for the development and maintenance of a specific area of M&S application, including relevant standards and databases, used by or common to many models and simulations.[DoDD 5000.59; MSMP; DSMC 1]
DoD M&S Information System (MSIS). A distributed, internetted system of modeling and simulation repositories that have classified, unclassified, or both classified and unclassified M&S data and/or information that may be electronically accessed by authorized users. [DoDI 5000.XX]
DoD Publications. DoD issuances that implement or supplement DoD Directives and Instructions by providing uniform procedures for management or operational systems and disseminating administrative information. DoD Publications include: Catalogs, Directories, Guides, Handbooks, Indexes, Inventories, Lists, Manuals, Modules, Pamphlets, Plans, Regulations, and Standards that implement or supplement DoD Directives or Instructions. [DoDI 5000.XX]
Domain. The physical or abstract space in which the entities and processes operate. The domain can be land, sea, air, space, undersea, a combination of any of the above, or an abstract domain, such as an n- dimensional mathematics space, or economic or psychological domains. [SIMTAX]
Dynamic Model. A model of a system in which there is change, such as the occurrence of events over time or the movement of objects through space; for example, a model of a bridge that is subjected to a moving load to determine characteristics of the bridge under changing stress. [DIS; IEEE]
Dynamic Environment. The environment is constantly changing as a result of man-made efforts (battlefield smoke) and natural phenomenon (weather). Incorporating dynamic environment into real time simulations provides a more realistic test bed for weapons, equipment, and personnel. [Army Mstr Plan]
Emitter.A device that is able to discharge detectable electromagnetic or acoustic energy. [DIS; MSETT - Intro to Netwkng Pub 5]
Empirical. Pertaining to information that is derived from observation, experiment, or experience. [IEEE; DIS]
Emulate. To represent a system by a model that accepts the same inputs and produces the same outputs as the system represented. For example, to emulate an 8-bit computer with a 32-bit computer. [DIS; IEEE]
Emulation. (1) A model that accepts the same inputs and produces the same outputs as a given system; (2) The process of developing or using a model as in (1). See also: simulation. [IEEE; DIS;]
Emulator. A device, computer program, or system that performs emulation. [IEEE; DIS]
Encapsulation. The process of hiding the details of an object that do not contribute to its essential characteristics. [DMSO 93 SAFOR Survey]
Endogenous variable. A variable whose value is determined by conditions and events within a given model. Syn: internal variable. Contrast with: exogenous variable. [IEEE; DIS]
Enterprise. An arbitrarily-defined functional and administrative entity that exists to perform a specific, integrated set of missions and achieve associated goals and objectives, encompassing all of the primary functions necessary to perform those missions. [DoD 8320.1-M-X]
Enterprise Model. An information model(s) that presents an integrated top-level representation of processes, information flows, and data. [DoDD 8000.1; DoD 8320.1-M; DoD 8320.1-M-X]
Entity. A distinguishable person, place, thing, event, or concept about which information is kept. [JDBE]
Entity Coordinates. Location with respect to a simulation entity. [DIS]
Entity Perspective. The perception of the synthetic environment held by a simulation entity based on its knowledge of itself and its interactions with the other simulation entities. This includes not only its own view of the simulated physical environment (terrain, air, and sea), but also its own view of itself, the other entities in the synthetic environment, and of the effects of the other entities on itself and the synthetic environment. Syn: world view; battlefield view. [DIS]
Entity Relationship Diagram (ERD). The graphic representation of a data model. [DoD 8320.1-M-X]
Environment. The texture or detail of the domain, that is terrain relief, weather, day, night, terrain cultural features (such as cities or farmland), sea states, etc.); (2) the external objects, conditions, and processes that influence the behavior of a system (such as terrain relief, weather, day/night, terrain cultural features, etc.). [DIS]
Environmental Effect. The impact that the environment or environmental feature has on some component or process in the simulation exercise such as the propagation of energy and image formation, the performance of a weapon system, platform or sensor, or other non-visualized combat process. [DMSO-ERTWG]
Environmental Effect Model. A numerical model, parametric model, or database for simulating an environmental effect on an entity of a simulation exercise, such as a sensor or platform. [DMSO-ERTWG]
Environmental Entity. A simulation entity which corresponds to dynamic elements of the state of the geographic, atmospheric, and bathyspheric environment, of the synthetic environment, that can be seen or sensed on a real battlefield, for example, craters, smoke, building collapse, weather conditions, and sea state. [DIS]
Environmental Features. An individual element of the physical environment (e.g., a rain system, fog, cloud). [DMSO-ERTWG]
Environmental Model. A numerical model, parametric model, or database designed to produce an accurate and consistent data set for one or more parameters that characterize the state of the physical environment. [DMSO-ERTWG]
Environmental Representation. An authoritative representation of all or a part of the natural or man-made environment. [MSMP]
Environmental Simulation. A simulation that depicts all or part of the natural or manmade environment of a system; for example, a simulation of the radar equipment and other tracking devices that provide input to an aircraft tracking system. [IEEE]
Equilibrium. See: steady state. [DIS]
Error Model. (l) A model used to estimate or predict the extent of deviation of the behavior of an actual system from the desired behavior of the system; for example, a model of a communications channel, used to estimate the number of transmission errors that can be expected in the channel. (2) In software evaluation, a model used to estimate or predict the number of remaining faults, required test time, and similar characteristics of a system. [DIS; IEEE]
Euler Angles. A set of three angles used to describe the orientation of an entity as a set of three successive rotations about three different orthogonal axes (x, y, and z). The order of rotation is first about z by angle (psi), then about the new y by angle (theta), then about the newest x by angle (phi). Angles psi and phi range between +/- pi, while angle theta ranges only between +/- pi/2 radians. These angles specify the successive rotations needed to transform from the world coordinate system to the entity coordinate system. The positive direction of rotation about an axis is defined by the right-hand rule. [DIS]
Event. (1) An occurrence that causes a change of state in a simulation; See also: conditional event; time-dependent event. (2) The instant in time at which a change in some variable occurs. [IEEE; DIS]
Event-Oriented Simulation. A simulation in which attention is focused on the occurrence of events and the times at which those events occur; for example, a simulation of a digital circuit that focuses on the time of state transition. [DIS; IEEE]
Executive Agent. See DoD M&S Executive Agent. [MSMP]
Executive Council for Modeling and Simulations (EXCIMS). An organization established by the USD(A&T) and responsible for providing advice and assistance on DoD M&S issues. Membership is determined by the USD(A&T) and is at the Senior Executive Service, flag, and general officer level.[DoDD 5000.59; MSETT]
Exogenous Variable. A variable whose value is determined by conditions and events external to a given model. Syn: external variable. Contrast with: endogenous variable. [IEEE; DIS]
Expert System. An expert system is a knowledge collection combined with an inference engine capable of interpreting queries and chaining together separate items of knowledge to develop new inferences. The knowledge is typically causally represented as a system of rules. In some cases, expert systems can retrace their paths of inference on demand, thus explaining their conclusions and reasoning. [DSB Rpt May 1988]
Extensibility. The ability of a data structure to accommodate additional values or iterations of data over time without impacting its initial design. [DoD 8320.1-M; DoD 8320.1-M-3]
External Schema. A logical description of an enterprise that may differ from the conceptual schema upon which it is based in that some entities, attributes, or relationships may be omitted, renamed, or otherwise transformed. [DoD 8320.1-M]
Face Validation.The process of determining whether a model or simulation based on performance, seems reasonable to people who are knowledgeable about the system under study. This process does not review the software code or logic, but rather reviews the inputs and outputs to assure they appear realistic or representative. [DIS]
Fair Fight. Two or more simulations may be considered to be in a fair fight when differences in the simulations' performance characteristics have significantly less effect on the outcome of the conflict than actions taken by the simulation participants. Syn: level playing field. [DIS]
Fast Time. (l) Simulated time with the property that a given period of actual time represents more than that period of time in the system being modeled; for example, in a simulation of plant growth, running the simulation for one second may result in the model advancing time by one full day; that is, simulated time advances faster than actual time. (2) The duration of activities within a simulation in which simulated time advances faster than actual time. Contrast with: real time; slow time. [DIS; IEEE]
Feature. A static element of the synthetic environment which exists but does not actively participate in synthetic environment interactions. Features are represented in the implementation environment by cartographic databases that are used by simulation assets. Entities can interact with features (building them, destroying them, colliding with them, etc.), but features are passive in that they do not initiate action. When features are dynamic (e.g., dynamic terrain) they are called environment entities. See: environmental entity; synthetic environment. [DIS]
Federation. A system of interacting models and/or simulations, with supporting infrastructure, based on a common understanding of the objects portrayed in the system. [DoDI 5000.XX; DMSO-HLA]
Federation Element. Term applied to an individual model and/or simulation that is part of a federation of models and simulations. [DoDI 5000.XX]
Federation Execution. The actual operation, over time, of a federation execution set. [DMSO-HLA]
Federation Execution Set. A subset of the simulations and a Derived Federation Object Model taken from a particular federation. [DMSO]
Federation Time. The time used to coordinate the activities between federation members. Runtime Infrastructure (RTI) services are specified in terms of Federation Time and are independent of the discipline used by Federation members to advance to their individual temporal states. [DMSO-HLA]
Fidelity. (1) The similarity, both physical and functional, between the simulation and that which it simulates. (2) A measure of the realism of a simulation. (3) The degree to which the representation within a simulation is similar to a real world object, feature, or condition in a measurable or perceivable manner. See also: model/ simulation validation. [DIS; IEEE 1278.1]
Fidelity Domain. Resource that may affect the fidelity of a Distributed Interactive Simulation (DIS) exercise. (Examples are battle space entities, environments, hosts, and sites).[DIS]
Fidelity Management. A process to level the playing field (create a fair fight) by dynamically varying fidelity parameters of dissimilar simulators in a controlled fashion. See also: fair fight. [DIS]
Field. A series of contiguous bits treated as an instance of a particular data type that may be part of a higher level data structure. [DIS; MSETT - Intro to Netwkng, Pub 1]
Field Instrumentation. An internal or external recording, monitoring, and relaying device employed by live instrumented entities, usually platform, facility, or exercise-unique, and not typically part of the operational system or equipment. These devices provide an independent source of data to assess the performance of operational systems involved in the exercise. [DIS]
Filtering. Accepting or rejecting Protocol Data Units received on the network based upon specified criteria, which may be dynamically varied. Examples include geographical filtering and entity type filtering. [DIS] Final Condition. The values assumed by the variables in a system, model,or simulation at the completion of some specified duration of time. Syn: equilibrium condition. Contrast with: boundary condition; initial condition. [DIS; IEEE]
Final State. The values assumed by the state variables of a system, component, or simulation at the completion of some specified duration of time. [DIS; IEEE]
Firmware. The combination of a hardware device and computer instructions or computer data that reside as read-only software on the hardware device. The software cannot be readily modified under program control. [DoDI 5000.2]
Foreign Key. Property or characteristic of an entity or entity class that is inherited by another entity or entity class. Foreign keys show relationships between entities or entity classes. [DoD 8320.1-M-X]
Functional Area. A range of subject matter grouped under a single heading because of its similarity in use or genesis. [DoDD 8320.1]
Functional Process. A well-defined (or definable) set of logically related tasks and decisions within a functional activity that use resources to produce products or services. [DoD 8320.1-M]
Functional Process Improvement. lication of a structured methodology to define a function's "as is" and "to be" environments; current and future mission needs and end user requirements; objectives and a strategy for achieving those objectives; and a program of incremental and evolutionary improvements to processes, data, and supporting AISs that are implemented through functional, technical, and economic analysis and decision-making. [DoD 8320.1M]
Game.A physical or mental competition in which the participants, called players, seek to achieve some objective within a given set of rules. See also: game theory. [DIS; IEEE]
Game Theory. (l) The study of situations involving competing interests, modeled in terms of the strategies, probabilities, actions, gains, and losses of opposing players in a game. See also: management game; war game. (2) The study of games to determine the probability of winning given various strategies. [DIS; IEEE]
Gateway. A device that connects two systems, especially if the systems use different protocols. For example, a gateway is needed to connect two independent local networks, or to connect a local network to a long-haul network.[MSETT - Intro to Netwkng, Pub 9]
Generic Domain. A domain type where the attribute is constrained only by the data type assigned by the data base management system (DBMS), or implied by the record type in a flat file, whichever is applicable. [JDBE]
Generic Element. A generic element is the part of a data element that establishes a structure and limits the allowable set of values of a data element. A generic element has no functional or application context other than to define a general class of data and ensure consistency in structure and domain. [DoD 8320.1-M-1; DoD 8320.1-M-X]
General-Use M&S Applications. Specific representations of the physical environment or environmental effects used by, or common to, many models and simulations; e.g., terrain, atmospheric, or hydrographic effects. [DoDD 5000.59; DIS; DODI 5000.XX;]
Glass Box Model. A model whose internal implementation is known and fully visible; for example, a model of a computerized change-return mechanism in a vending machine, in the form of a diagram of the circuits and gears that make the change. Contrast with: black box model. Syn: white box model. [DIS; IEEE]
Granularity. Fidelity and level of detail of objects and environment. See also: resolution. [FY93 Focus Call]
Graphical Model. A symbolic model whose properties are expressed in diagrams; for example, a decision tree used to express a complex procedure. Contrast with: mathematical model; narrative model; software model; tabular model. [DIS; IEE]
Guise. A function that provides the capability for an entity to be viewed with one appearance by one group of participants, and with another appearance by another group. [DIS; MSETT - Intro to Netwkng, Pub 1]
Ground Truth. The actual facts of a situation, without errors introduced by sensors or human perception and judgment. [DIS]
Hanging Entity.An independent entity which is not connected to any other entity in the model. [JDBE]
Haptic. Refers to all the physical sensors that provide a sense of touch at the skin level and force feedback information from muscles and joints. [DSMC 2]
Haptics. The design of clothing or exoskeletons that not only sense motions of body parts (e.g., fingers) but also provide tactile and force feedback for haptic perception of a virtual world. [OTA]
Heterogeneity. Diversity of objects and environments. [FY93 Focus Call]
Heterogeneous Network. A collection of simulations with partially consistent behaviors and/or partially correlated data bases. Examples include simulators of different fidelity, mixed virtual and live simulations, and mixes of virtual and constructive simulations. [DIS]
Heuristic. Relating to or using a problem-solving technique in which the most appropriate solution of several found by alternative methods is selected at successive stages of a program for use in the next step of the program. [DMSO]
Hierarchical Model. A model of information in which data are represented as trees of records connected by pointers. [JDBE]
Hierarchy. Hierarchy is a ranking or ordering of abstractions. [DMSO 93 SAFOR Survey]
High Level Architecture (HLA). Major functional elements, interfaces, and design rules, pertaining as feasible to all DoD simulation applications, and providing a common framework within which specific system architectures can be defined. [DMSO-HLA]
Higher Order Model (HOM). A computer model representing combat elements, their functions and/or the terrain they operate on in an aggregated manner. A HOM may represent a battalion as a specific entity which is a conglomeration or averaging of the characteristics of its real- world components. "Higher Order" generally refers to echelons battalion and above with greater than 100m resolution, e.g. 3km, and with faster than real-time performance (e.g., days compressed into minutes, hours into seconds). See: model order. See also: war game; constructive simulation. [DIS; MSETT - Intro to Netwkng Pub 6]
Homogeneous Network. A network of Distributed Interactive Simulation (DIS) objects with fully consistent behaviors and fully correlated data bases. [DIS]
Host or Host Computer. A computer that supports one or more simulation applications. All host computers participating in a simulation exercise are connected by network(s) including wide area networks, local area networks, and RF links. [DIS; IEEE 1278.2]
Human Factors. A body of scientific facts about human characteristics. The term covers all biomedical and psychological considerations; it includes, but is not limited to, principles and applications in the areas of human engineering, personnel selection, training, life support, job performance aids, and human performance evaluation. [DoDI 5000.2]
Human-in-the-Loop (HITL). See: interactive model. [DIS]
Human-Machine Simulation. A simulation carried out by both human participants and computers, typically with the human participants asked to make decisions and a computer performing processing based on those decisions. [DIS]
Hybrid Simulation. A simulation that combines constructive, live, and/or virtual simulations, typically in a distributed environment. Such simulations combine simulators with actual operational equipment, prototypes of future systems, and realistic representations of operational environments. [MSETT]
Iconic Model.A physical model or graphical display that looks like the system being modeled; for example, a non-functional replica of a computer tape drive used for display purposes. See also: scale model. [DIS; IEEE]
Identity Simulation. A simulation in which the roles of the participants are investigated or defined; for example, a simulation that identifies aircraft based on their physical profiles, speed, altitude, and acoustic characteristics. [DIS; IEEE]
Implementation. The means by which a synthetic environment, or portions of a synthetic environment, is realized. [DIS]
In-Basket Simulation. A simulation in which a set of issues is presented to a participant in the form of documents on which action must be taken; for example, a simulation of an unfolding international crisis as a sequence of memos describing relevant events and outcomes of the participant's actions on previous memos. [DIS; IEEE]
Independent Variable. A variable whose value is not dependent on the values of other variables. Contrast with: dependent variable. [IEEE; DIS]
Independent Verification and Validation (IV&V). The conduct of verification and validation of a model or simulation by individuals or agencies that did not develop the model or simulation. [DIS]
Information. Any communication or reception of knowledge such as facts, data, or opinions, including numerical, graphic, or narrative forms, whether oral or maintained in any medium, including computerized databases, paper, microform, or magnetic tape. [DoD 8320.1-M; DoDD 8000.1; DoD 8320.1-M-1; DoD 8320.1-M-X]
Information Architecture. A framework that portrays relationships among all data and activity components identified in models. It is an abstraction based on the products of the highest level of modeling and is further refined based on the next successive levels of modeling as each area of those detailed levels are completed. [DoD 8320.1-M]
Information Engineering. A disciplined methodology which creates an organization-wide architectural framework for application and database development. [DoD 8320.1-M-X]
Information Management (IM). The creation, use, sharing, and disposition of data or information as corporate resources critical to the effective and efficient operation of functional activities consistent with IM guidance issued by the Office of the Secretary of Defense. IM includes the structuring of functional management improvement processes by the OSD principal Staff Assistants to produce and control the use of data and information in functional activities; information resources management; and supporting information technology (IT) and information services. [CJVSI 8510.01]
Information Model. A model that represents the processes, entities, information flows, and elements of an organization and all relationships between these factors. [DoD 8320.1-M-X]
Information Resource Dictionary System (IRDS). A set of standard specifications for a data dictionary system resulting from U.S. Federal and national standards efforts; a computer system conforming to those standards that provides facilities for recording, storing, and processing descriptions of an organization's significant information and information processing resources. [DoDD 8320.1]
Information System (IS). The organized collection, processing, maintenance, transmission, and dissemination of information in accordance with defined procedures, whether automated or manual. [DoDD 5200.28; DoD 8320.1-M; DoD 8320.1-M-1;]
Infrastructure. See: M&S infrastructure.
Initial Condition. The values assumed by the variables in a system, model, or simulation at the beginning of some specified duration of time. Contrast with: boundary condition; final condition. [DIS]
Initial State. The values assumed by the state variables of a system, component, or simulation at the beginning of some specified duration of time. Contrast with: final state. [DIS; IEEE]
Instantiation. represent an abstraction by a concrete instance. [DMSO]
Instructional Simulation. A simulation intended to provide a simulation equivalent of a real or hypothesized stimulus that could occur in the synthetic environment for the purpose of training. [DIS]
Integrated Product and Process Development (IPPD). IPPD is an approach to systems acquisition which brings together all of the functional disciplines required to develop, design, test, produce and field a system. This is essentially the same as Concurrent Engineering. [DSMC 1]
Integrated Product Team (IPT). Integrated Product Teams are a means to achieve concurrent engineering or IPPD. They are multidisciplinary teams consisting of representatives from all disciplines involved in the system acquisition process, from requirements development through disposal. Having the participation of all the appropriate disciplines, IPTs are often empowered to make decisions to achieve successful development of their particular product. [DSMC 1]
Intelligence Community Coordinating Group (ICCOG). The ICCOG serves as the intelligence community's forum for M&S exchange, fostering improved communication among community and other government agencies and industry. The ICCOG promotes sharing programs, methodologies, tools, techniques, data and other information. [MSMP]
Intelligent Forces (IFOR). A specific program funded by ARPA to build a maximum of intelligence into the computer representations of forces. [MSMP]
Interaction. The explicit action taken by one object toward another object or geographical area. [DMSO-HLA]
Interactive Model. A model that requires human participation. Syn: human-in-the-loop. [DIS]
Internal Schema. An internal schema describes data as it is physically stored and includes all aspects of the environment in which a database is to reside. [DoD 8320.1-M; FIPS Pub 11-3]
Internal Variable. See: endogenous variable. [DIS]
Interoperability. See: M&S Interoperability. [MSMP]
Interval-Oriented Simulation. A continuous simulation in which simulated time is advanced in increments of a size suitable to make implementation possible on a digital system. [DIS; IEEE]
Joint M&S.Representations of joint and Service forces, capabilities, equipment, materiel, and services used by the Joint community or by two, or more, Military Services.[DoDD 5000.59;]
JM&S Proponent. The Joint Component responsible for life cycle management of a JM&S application or data base. [CJVSI 8510.01]
Joint Modeling and Simulation Executive Panel (JMSEP). An organization responsible for providing advice and assistance on Joint Modeling and Simulation issues. The Joint Components provide representatives. Membership is at the 0-6 level or higher. The Deputy Director for Wargaming, Simulation, and Operations (DDWSO), J-8, serves as the chair. [CJVSI 8510.01]
Joint Modeling and Simulation Investment Plan. A Joint Components plan, published under the authority of the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff and with the coordination of the Joint Components, that establishes short-term (present to 6 years) and long-term (beyond 6 years) programs and funding for joint and common use JM&S to achieve the specified goals and objectives outlined in the JM&S Master Plan. [CJVSI 8510.01]
Joint Program. Any Defense acquisition system, subsystem, component, or technology program that involves formal management or funding by more than one DoD Component during any phase of a systemÕs life-cycle. [DoDI 5000.2]
Knowledge.The rules, environment, etc. which form the structure humans use to process and relate to information, or the information a computer system must have to behave in an apparently intelligent manner. [I/DB]
Knowledge-Based System. A system in which the domain knowledge is explicit and separate from the system's operational instructions/ information. [I/DB]
Known Object. An object is known to a simulation if the simulation is reflecting or updating any attributes of that object. [DMSO-HLA]
Laboratory Simulation.A simulation developed and used under highly controlled conditions; for example, a simulation of a medical technique implemented in the controlled environment of a laboratory. [DIS; IEEE]
Lag Variable. (1) In a discrete simulation, a variable that is an output of one period and an input for some future period. (2) In an analog simulation, a variable that is a function of an output variable and that is used as input to the simulation to provide a time delay response or feedback. Syn: lagged variable; serially- correlated variable. [DIS; IEEE]
Latency. The time required for a device to begin physical output of a desired piece of data once processing is complete. [DMSO]
Lead Variable. (l) In a discrete simulation, a variable that is an output of one period and that predicts what the output of some future period will be. (2) In an analog simulation, a variable that is a function of an output variable and that is used as input to the simulation to provide advanced time response or feedback. [DIS; IEEE]
Legacy Model. A model developed in the past which is still in use that was not implemented using today's standards (e.g., software, communication, DIS, ALSP, etc.). Some legacy models have been modified with interfaces to some of the current standards extending their usefulness and interoperability with newer, standards based models. [AFI 16-102; DSMC 1]
Live Entity. A perceptible object that can appear in the virtual battlespace but is unaware and non-responsive (either by intent, lack of capability or circumstance) to the actions of virtual entities. See also: field instrumentation. Contrast with: live instrumented entity. [DIS]
Live Simulation. Live, Virtual, and Constructive Simulation. [MSMP]
Live, Virtual, and Constructive Simulation. The categorization of simulation into live, virtual, and constructive is problematic, because there is no clear division between these categories. The degree of human participation in the simulation is infinitely variable, as is the degree of equipment realism. This categorization of simulations also suffers by excluding a category for simulated people working real equipment (e.g., smart vehicles).
b. Virtual Simulation. A simulation involving real people operating simulated systems. Virtual simulations inject human-in-the-loop (HITL) in a central role by exercising motor control skills (e.g., flying an airplane), decision skills (e.g., committing fire control resources to action), or communication skills (e.g., as members of a C4I team).
c. Constructive Model or Simulation. Models and simulations that involve real people making inputs into a simulation that carries out those inputs by simulated people operating simulated systems. [MSMP]
Local Area Network. A class of data network which provides high data rate interconnection between network nodes in close physical proximity. [USMC Mstr Plan]
Logical Data Model. A model of the data stores and flows of the organization derived from the conceptual business model. [DoD 8320.1-M- 1; DoD 8320.1-M-X]
Logical Verification. The identification of a set of assumptions and interactions for which the M&S correctly produces intended results. It determines the appropriateness of the M&S for a particular application and to ensure that all assumptions and algorithms are consistent with the conceptual M&S. [DA PAM 5-11]
Long-Haul Network (LHN). See: wide area network. [DIS]
Machine Simulation.A simulation that is executed on a machine. See also: computer simulation. [DIS; IEEE]
Management Game. A simulation game in which participants seek to achieve a specified management objective given pre-established resources and constraints; for example, a simulation in which participants make decisions designed to maximize profit in a given business situation and a computer determines the results of those decisions. See also: war game. [DIS; IEEE]
Manned Platform Entity. Corresponds to current or proposed battlefield entities which are driven, guided, flown, or otherwise have a warfighter, staff, or crew in the loop. This includes command posts and other command, control, communication, and intelligence (C3I) nodes and may include role players representing other battlefield entities or staff functions. [DIS]
Markov Chain. A discrete Markov process. [IEEE]
Markov Chain Model. A discrete, stochastic model in which the probability that the model is in a given state at a certain time depends only on the value of the immediately preceding state. Syn: Markov model. See also: semi-Markov model. [IEEE; DIS]
Markov Process. A stochastic process which assumes that in a series of random events, the probability for occurrence of each event depends only on the immediately preceding outcome. See also: semi-Markov process. [IEEE; DIS]
Mass Storage. Refers to any device that can store large amounts of data and retrieve it at some later time, even after system powerdown. Mass storage devices are usually categorized in terms of being either on-line storage or off-line storage. [IDA ADS Paper]
Mathematical Model. A symbolic model whose properties are expressed in mathematical symbols and relationships; for example, a model of a nation's economy expressed as a set of equations. Contrast with: graphical model; narrative model; software model; tabular model. [DIS] Measures of Effectiveness (MOE). A qualitative or quantitative measure of a M&S's performance or a characteristic that indicates the degree to which it performs the task or meets a requirement under specified conditions. See also: measure of performance. [AFI 16-102]
Measures of Outcome (MOO). Metrics that define how operational requirements contribute to end results at higher levels, such as campaign or national strategic outcomes. [DSMC 1]
Measure of Performance (MOP). Measure of how the system/individual performs its functions in a given environment (e.g., number of targets detected, reaction time, number of targets nominated, susceptibility of deception, task completion time.) It is closely related to inherent parameters (physical and structural) but measures attributes of system behavior. See also: measure of effectiveness. [DIS; IEEE 1278.3]
Mesometeorology. The study of atmospheric phenomena such as tornadoes and thunderstorms which occur between meteorological stations or beyond the range of normal observation from a single point; i.e., on a scale larger than that of micrometeorology, but smaller than the cyclonic (synoptic) scale. [DMSO-ERTWG]
Metadata. Information describing the characteristics of data; data or information about data; descriptive information about an organizationÕs data, data activities, systems, and holdings. [DoDD 8320.1; DoD 8320.1-M; DoD 8320.1-M-1; DoD 8320.1-M-X; NBS Special Pub 500-152]
Meta-Knowledge. (synonym with wisdom) Knowledge about knowledge. Knowledge about the use and control of domain knowledge in an expert or knowledge-based system. Knowledge about how the system operates or reasons. [I/DB]
Metamodel. A model of a model. Metamodels are abstractions of the M&S being developed which use functional decomposition to show relationships, paths of data and algorithms, ordering, and interactions between model components and subcomponents. Metamodels allow the software engineers who are developing the model to abstract details to a level that subject matter experts can validate. [MSETT]
Methodology. The system of principles, practices, and procedures, applied to a specific branch of knowledge. {DMSO} Metric A measure of the extent or degree to which a product possesses and exhibits a certain quality, property, or attribute. [IEEE 83]
Metric(s). A process of algorithm that may involve statistical sampling, mathematical computations, and rule-based inferencing. Metrics provide the capability to detect and report defects within a sample. [DoD 8320.1- M-3]
Micrometeorology. The study of variations in meteorological conditions over small areas, such as hillsides, forests, river basins, or individual cities. [DMSO-ERTWG]
Mission Space. Mission space refers to the entities, actions, and interactions that must be represented to produce credible simulations of the specific mission area being addressed. Mission space includes all elements (e.g., logistics, intelligence, manufacturing) which support the simulation and which are required to achieve the desired goals and objectives. [MSMP]
Mock-Up. A full-sized structural, but not necessarily functional, model built accurately to scale, used chiefly for study, testing, or display. See also: physical model. [DIS; IEEE]
Model. A physical, mathematical, or otherwise logical representation of a system, entity, phenomenon, or process.[DoDD 5000.59; DIS; DODI 5000.XX; MSMP; JDL; I/DB ]
Modeling. Application of a standard, rigorous, structured methodology to create and validate a physical, mathematical, or otherwise logical representation of a system, entity, phenomenon, or process. [DoD 8320.1- M]
Modeling and Simulation (M&S). use of models, including emulators, prototypes, simulators, and stimulators, either statically or over time, to develop data as a basis for making managerial or technical decisions. The terms "modeling" and "simulation" are often used inter-changeably. [MSETT]
Modeling and Simulation (M&S) Accreditation. The official certification that a model or simulation is acceptable for use for a specific purpose. [DoDD 5000.59; DIS; I/DB] Modeling and Simulation (M&S) Application Sponsor. The organization that utilizes the results/product(s) from a specific application of an M&S. [DoDI 5000.XX]
Modeling and Simulation (M&S) Developer. The agency which actually develops an M&S or the agency that is overseeing the M&S development by a contractor or FFRDC. [Army Mstr Plan]
Modeling and Simulation (M&S) Executive Agent. See: DoD M&S Executive Agent. [DMSO]
M&S Infrastructure. An underlying base or foundation; the basic facilities, equipment, and installations needed for the functioning of a system. A M&S infrastructure would consist of M&S systems and applications, communications, networks, architectures, standards and protocols, information resource repositories, etc.[Drft Mstr Plan]
M&S Interoperability. ability of a model or simulation to provide services to and accept services from other models and simulations, and to use the services so exchanged to enable them to operate effectively together. [MSMP; DoDD 5000.59; DSMC 1]
Modeling and Simulation (M&S) Investment Plan. A DoD plan, published under the authority of the USD(A) and with the coordination of the DoD Components, that establishes short-term (present to 6 years) and long- term (beyond 6 years) programs and funding for joint and common use M&S to achieve the specified goals and objectives outlined in the DoD M&S Master Plan.[DoDD 5000.59; DODI 5000.XX; DSMC 1]
Modeling and Simulation (M&S) Master Plan. A DoD plan, published under the authority of the USD(A) and with the coordination of the DoD Components, that establishes short-term (present to 6 years) and long- term (beyond 6 years) DoD goals and objectives for the application of M&S for joint and common use within the Department of Defense. It shall also include an assessment of current M&S capabilities, a status report on M&S efforts under development, and a road map that delineates the management, investment, and technical strategies required to achieve DoD M&S objectives.[DoDD 5000.59;]
Modeling and Simulation (M&S) Resource Repository (MSRR). A physical location or site that contains unclassified, classified, or both classified and unclassified M&S data and/or information. A MSRR may or may not be part of the DoD MSIS. [DoDI 5000.XX]
M&S Working Group (MSWG). The MSWG supports the activities of the EXCIMS and responds to guidance and direction from the USD (A&T). The Director, DMSO, chairs the MSWG. The membership of the MSWG will normally be 0-6 military officers or GM-15 grade civilians. The MSWG promotes coordination and cooperation of DoD M&S at the working level. Members will represent their organization, serve as the DMSO point of contact for M&S issues, and prepare their principals for EXCIMS meetings. MSWG membership will mirror the organizational makeup of the EXCIMS; however, other organizations may be added by majority vote of the group, as required. [MSMP]
Models and Simulations: Army Integrated Catalog (MOSAIC). An Army on- line hypertext tool available to all developers and users to peruse the array of existing M&S and query the hypertext system for all information of interest to them in their proposed application. [DMSO]
Model-Test-Model. An integrated approach to using models and simulations in support of pre-test analysis and planning; conducting the actual test and collecting data; and post-test analysis of test results along with further validation of the models using the test data. [DSMC 1]
Modifier. A word which helps define and render a name unique within the database, which is not the prime or class word. [DoD 8320.1-M-1; NBS Special Pub 500-149]
ModSAF. Modular Semi-Automated Forces are a class of CGF utilizing a modular software structure in which model components have well-defined and documented interfaces allowing run-time reconfiguration of model behavior to develop generalized, and more sophisticated, representations of reactive behaviors and missions. ModSAF provides an open architecture that is expected to be the starting point for future extensions of SAFOR capabilities. [MSMP]
Monte Carlo Algorithm. A statistical procedure that determines the occurrence of probabilistic events or values of probabilistic variables for deterministic models, i.e., make a random draw. [DSMC 1] Monte Carlo Method. In modeling and simulation, any method that employs Monte Carlo simulation to determine estimates for unknown values in a deterministic problem. [IEEE; DIS]
Monte Carlo Simulation. A simulation in which random statistical sampling techniques are employed such that the result determines estimates for unknown values. [DIS]
Multisensory I/O. The use of more than one sensory mechanism (visual, aural, tactile, etc.) to interact with a computer-generated environment. [DSMC 2]
Multi-State Objects. Mission space entities that express a changing state (in attribution and visual display) as the simulation progresses (e.g., damage to structures, changes in vegetation, damage system representations such as vehicles, tanks, etc). [MSMP]
Narrative Model.A symbolic model the properties of which are expressed in words; for example, a written specification for a computer system. Syn: verbal descriptive model. Contrast with: graphical model; mathematical model; software model; tabular model. [DIS; IEEE]
Natural Model. A model that represents a system by another system that already exists in the real world; for example, a model that uses one body of water to represent another. [DIS; IEEE]
Network Byte Order. Internet-standard ordering of the bytes corresponding to numeric values. [MSETT - Intro to Netwkng, Pub 13]
Network Communication Services. The capability provided to electronically transmit modeling and simulation data between networked computational nodes in a manner which meets requirements for transmission latency, multi-cast addressing and security needed to support the creation and operation of distributed time and space coherent synthetic environments. [Army Mstr Plan]
Network Filter. A system to selectively accept or reject data received from the network. [DIS]
Network Management. The collection of administrative structures, policies, and procedures that collectively provide for the management of the organization and operation of the network as a whole. See: network manager. [DIS; IEEE 1278.1]
Network Manager. The person or organization responsible for maintaining, monitoring and scheduling the operation of the portion of a network used for a distributed simulation and whose responsibilities for the network terminates at the gateways and who is not responsible for the simulation hosts or a local area network. Normally, also in charge of the gateway and not part of the user organization. See: network management. [DIS]
Network Node. A specific network address. See: node. Contrast with: processing node. [DIS]
Network Scheduler. The person responsible for scheduling all use of the Distributed Interactive Simulation (DIS) network. This includes use for video teleconferencing and simulation. [Navy]
Network Theory. The study of networks used to model processes such as communications, computer performance, routing problems, and project management. [DIS; IEEE]
Node. A general term denoting either a switching element in a network or a host computer attached to a network. See: processing node; network node. [DIS; IEEE 1278.1; IEEE 1278.2]
Non-Absorbing State. In a Markov chain model, a state that can be left once it is entered. [IEEE; DIS]
Non-Standard Cell. A cell which is not compliant with the DIS message and data base standards. Non-standard cells require a Cell Adapter Unit in order to join a DIS exercise. [DIS; MSETT - Intro to Netwkng Pub 6]
Non-Standard Data Element. Any data element that exists in a system or application program and does not conform to the conventions, procedures, or guidelines established by the organization. [DoD 8320.1-M-1; DoD 8320.1-M-X]
Normative Model. A model that makes use of a familiar situation to represent a less familiar one; for example, a model that depicts the human cardiovascular system by using a mechanical pump, rubber hoses, and water. [DIS; IEEE]
Notional Data. Speculative or theoretical data rather than actual data. [DMSO]
Numerical Model. (l) A mathematical model in which a set of mathematical operations is reduced to a form suitable for solution by simpler methods such as numerical analysis or automation; for example, a model in which a single equation representing a nation's economy is replaced by a large set of simple averages based on empirical observations of inflation rate, unemployment rate, gross national product, and other indicators. (2) A model whose properties are expressed by numbers. [DIS; IEEE]
Object.A fundamental element of a conceptual representation that reflects the real world at levels of abstraction and resolution appropriate for a simulation. for any given value of time, the state of an object is defined as the enumeration of all its attribute values. [DMSO - HLA]
Object-Based. A software design methodology adhering to only some of the properties of object oriented software; for example, Ada does not support inheritance, a key property of object oriented systems, therefore Ada is often referred to as an object based language. See: object oriented. [DMSO]
Object-Oriented. A software design methodology that when applied to DIS results in the battlefield being represented by objects, where objects encapsulate the methods or procedures associated with the object and where objects communicate with other objects by message passing. Examples of battlefield objects are platoons (unit level), tanks (platform level), main guns (component or module level), and gun barrels (part level). One of the main benefits of an object oriented approach is the inherent modularity; e.g., to change a tank model only the tank object must be changed. See also: object based. [DIS]
Object-Oriented Language. A language which best suits an object-oriented decomposition of software and which provides the capability to implement classes and objects. Directly supports data abstraction and classes, and provides additional support for inheritance as a means of expressing hierarchies of classes. [DSMC 1]
Object-Oriented Programming. Use of a programming system that results in programs organized as cooperative collections of objects, each of which represents an instance of some class, and whose classes are members of class hierarchies as defined by the inheritance mechanism. [DMSO 93 SAFOR Survey]
Occlusion. The vision effect of closer objects overlapping or occluding more distant ones, providing visual clues to judge how close objects are from the viewer. Slight head motions provide more information about occlusions. [DSMC 2]
Octet. A sequence of eight bits, usually operated upon as a unit. [IEEE 1278.1]
Office of the Secretary of Defense (OSD). Includes the immediate Offices of the Secretary and Deputy Secretary of Defense, the Under Secretaries of Defense, the Director of Defense Research and Engineering, the Assistant Secretaries of Defense (ASDs), the General Counsel of the Department of Defense (GC, DoD), the Assistants to the Secretary of Defense (ATSDs), the OSD Directors, or equivalents, who report directly to the Secretary or the Deputy Secretary of Defense, and such other staff offices as the Secretary of Defense establishes to assist in carrying out assigned responsibilities. [D0DD 5000.59; DoDI 5000.XX]
Off-Line Storage Devices. Off-line storage devices generally are used for data backup and archival applications, using media like magnetic tapes or removable hard or floppy disks. [IDA ADS Paper]
On-Line Storage Devices. On-line storage devices provide more immediate retrieval of data and usually refer to devices such as magnetic or optical hard disk drives. [IDA ADS Paper]
Open System. A system in which the components and their composition are specified in a non-proprietary environment, enabling competing organizations to use these standard components to build competitive systems. There are three perspectives on open systems: portability - the degree to which a system component can be used in various environments, interoperability - the ability of individual components to exchange information, and integration - the consistency of the various human- machine interfaces between an individual and all hardware and software in the system. [AFI 16-102; DSMC 1]
Open Systems Environment. A Distributed Interactive Simulation (DIS) environment having attributes of interoperability and portability which promotes competition by allowing systems developed by multiple vendors and nations to interoperate through a common set of computer and communications protocols. Syn: Open Systems Interconnection (OSI). [DIS]
Open Systems Interconnection (OSI). Syn: open systems environment.
Operational Environment. A composite of the conditions, circumstances, and influences which affect the employment of military forces and the decisions of the unit commander. Frequently characterized as permissive, semi-permissive, or non-permissive. [DIS]
Orthogonal. Pertaining to or composed of right angles. [DMSO]
Outcome-Oriented Simulation. A simulation in which the end result is considered more important than the process by which it is obtained; for example, a simulation of a radar system that uses methods far different from those used by the actual radar, but whose output is the same. Contrast with: process-oriented simulation. [DIS; IEEE]
Output Validation. The process of determining the extent to which the output (outcome distributions for the M&S and/or sub-models) represent the significant and salient features of distributions or real world systems, events, and scenarios. [DA PAM 5-11]
Owned Attribute. An object attribute that is explicitly modeled by the owning simulation. A simulation that owns an attribute has the unique responsibility to provide values for that attribute to the federation, through the Runtime Infrastructure (RTI), as they are produced. [DMSO- HLA]
Parallax.The vision effect of having two eyes viewing the same scene from slightly different positions which creates a sense of depth. Computer-generated environments, one for each eye, artificially create the parallax effect. [DSMC 2]
Parallel Processing. Multiple processes running on multiple processors simultaneously. [DSMC 1]
Parametric Model. A model using parametric equations that may be based on numerical model outputs or fits to semi-empirical data to succinctly describe a particular process, feature, or effect. [DMSO-ERTWG]
Period. The time interval between successive events in a discrete simulation. [IEEE; DIS]
Petri Net. An abstract, formal model of information flow, showing static and dynamic properties of a system, i.e., the petri net is defined by its places, transitions, input function, and output function. [DIS; IEEE]
Physical Data Model. A representation of the technologically independent information requirements in a physical environment of hardware, software, and network configurations representing them in the constraints of an existing physical environment. [DoD 8320.1-M; FIPS Pub 11-3]
Physical Model. A model whose physical characteristics resemble the physical characteristics of the system being modeled; for example, a plastic or wooden replica of an airplane. A mock-up. See also iconic model; scale model. Contrast with: symbolic model. [DIS; IEEE]
Pixel. A "picture element," refers to the smallest visual unit in an image on a computer display. [DSMC 2]
Plan View Display. A symbolic representation of a Distributed Interactive Simulation (DIS) exercise in which the observer's eyepoint is above the exercise. [DIS]
Platform. A generic term used to describe a level of representation equating to vehicles, aircraft, missiles, ships, fixed sites, etc. in the hierarchy of representation possibilities. Other representation levels include units (made up of platforms) and components or modules (which make up platforms). [DIS; MSETT - Intro to Netwkng Pub 6]
Polygon. A flat plane figure with multiple sides, the basic building block of virtual worlds. The more polygons a computer can display and manipulate per second, the more realistic the virtual world will appear. Humans perceive the equivalent of 80 million polygons at more than 30 frames per second in normal vision. [DSMC 2]
Predictive Model. A model in which the values of future states can be predicted or are hypothesized; for example, a model that predicts weather patterns based on the current value of temperature, humidity, wind speed, and so on at various locations. [DIS; IEEE]
Prescriptive Model. A model used to convey the required behavior or properties of a proposed system; for example, a scale model or written specification used to convey to a computer supplier the physical and performance characteristics of a required computer. Contrast with: descriptive model. [DIS; IEEE]
Primary Key. Property or characteristic that uniquely identifies the class of information stored about an entity. Primary keys are determinants or identifiers. Primary keys are never null; each entity or entity class has one and only one primary key. [DoD 8320.1-M-X]
Prime Word. A word included in the name of a data entity which represents the logical data grouping (in the logical data model) to which it belongs. [DoD 8320.1-M-1; DoD 8320.1-M-X; NBS Special Pub 500-149]
Principal Staff Assistants. The Under Secretaries of Defense; the Assistant Secretaries of Defense (ASDs); the General Council of the Department of Defense (GC, DoD); the Assistants to the Secretary of defense (ATSDs); and the OSD Directors, or equivalents, who report directly to the Secretary or Deputy Secretary of Defense. [DoDI 5000.XX]
Probabilistic Model. : stochastic model. [DIS]
Processes. Processes affect entities. Attrition, communications, and movement are examples of processes. Processes have a level of detail by which they are described. [MORS SIMTAX 27Oct89]
Process Improvement Modeling. Defines and documents the current ("as is") and desired future ("to be") processes and information requirements of a functional activity. Two types of process improvement models are: [DoD 8320.1-M-X; DRAFT DoDI 8020.1]
b. Data Models. Models of the entity definitions, attributes, relationships, and the integrity constraints through which the information created and used by the functional activity is managed, and from which standard data are created. [DoD 8320.1-M-X; DRAFT DoDI 8020.1]
Process Model.A model of the processes performed by a system; for example, a model that represents the software development process as a sequence of phases. Contrast with: structural model. [DIS]
Process-Oriented Simulation. A simulation in which the process is considered more important than the outcome; for example, a model of a radar system in which the objective is to replicate exactly the radar's operation, and duplication of its results is a lesser concern. Contrast with: outcome-oriented simulation. [DIS; IEEE]
Processing Node. The hardware and software processing resources devoted to one or more simulation entities. See: node. Contrast with: network node. [DIS]
Protocol. A set of rules and formats (semantic and syntactic) that define the communication behavior of simulation applications. [MSMP; DIS; IEEE 1278.1]
Protocol Data Unit (PDU). A PDU is a structured message which transfers essential data of a specific type from one simulation entity to another and allows them to participate in a common exercise. For example, DIS PDUs comply with the DIS PDU Message Standard. [MSETT - DIS Glossary, LORAL 22SEP92]
Protocol Data Unit (PDU) Standards. Formally defined data exchange standards established for each of the several primary classes of functionality which is represented in the DIS synthetic environment, e.g., movement, weapons, firing effects, collisions, etc. [Army Mstr Plan]
Protocol Entity. An object that exchanges information with other protocol entities in a network via Protocol Data Units (PDUs) in accordance with an established protocol. A key attribute of a protocol entity is its state. State transitions occur in a given protocol entity in accordance with the established protocol as the result of: (a) PDUs received from other protocol entities, and (b) occurrence of an external event (e.g., expiration of a time-out counter.) See also: Protocol Data Unit. [DIS]
Protocol Suite. A defined set of complementary protocols within the communication architecture profile. [MSETT - Intro to Netwkng Pub 5]
Prototype. A preliminary type, form, or instance of a system that serves as a model for later stages or for the final, complete version of the system. [IEEE; DIS]
Pseudocode. A description of control and/or data structures in a natural language with no rigid rules of syntax. [DA PAM 5-11]
Public Attribute. A public attribute is one that is observable and of interest to more than one actor. These attributes are specified in the ALSP protocol and are broadcast by the modeling actor whenever the value of the attribute changes. For example, location is an attribute of an aircraft that all actors are interested in. The owning actor would broadcast this attribute whenever it changed. [ALSP]
Qualitative Data.A data value that is a non-numeric description of a person, place, thing, event, activity, or concept. [DoD 8320.1-M-1]
Quantitative Data. Numerical expressions that use Arabic numbers, upon which mathematical operations can be performed. [DoD 8320.1-M-1]
Queue. ueuing theory, a set of zero or more entities waiting to be serviced by a service facility. [DIS; IEEE]
Queuing Model. A model consisting of service facilities and entities waiting in queues to be served; for example, a model depicting teller windows and customers at a bank. [DIS; IEEE]
Queuing Network Model. A model in which a process is described as a network in which each node represents a service facility rendering a given type of service and a queue for holding entities waiting to be served; for example, a model depicting a network of shipping routes and docking facilities at which ships must form queues in order to unload their cargo. [DIS; IEEE]
Queuing Theory. The study of queues and the performance of systems that service entities that are organized into queues. See also: queuing model; queuing network model. [DIS; IEEE]
Random.Pertaining to a process or variable whose outcome or value depends on chance or on a process that simulates chance, often with the implication that all possible outcomes or values have an equal probability of occurrence; for example, the outcome of flipping a coin or executing a computer-programmed random number generator. [DIS; IEEE]
Real Battlefield. See: real world. [DIS]
Real-Time. In modeling and simulation, simulated time advances at the same rate as actual time; for example, running the simulation for one second results in the model advancing time by one second. Contrast with: fast time; slow time. [DIS]
Real-Time Service. A service which satisfies timing constraints imposed by the service user. The timing constraints are user specific and should be such that the user will not be adversely affected by delays within the constraints. [MSETT - Intro to Netwkng Pub 5]
Real-Time System. A system that computes its results as quickly as they are needed by a real-world system. Such a system responds quickly enough that there is no perceptible delay to the human observer. In general use, the term is often perverted to mean within the patience and tolerance of a human user. [AFI 16-102; DSMC 1]
Real-World. The set of real or hypothetical causes and effects that simulation technology attempts to replicate. When used in a military context, the term is synonymous with real battlefield to include air, land, and sea combat. Syn: real battlefield. [DIS]
Real-World Time. The actual time in Greenwich, England. Syn: sidereal time. [DIS; IEEE 1278.1]
Reality Engine. Any computer system specifically designed to generate virtual images on a display device. [DSMC 2]
Reference Version. most recent version of a model or simulation which has been released by, and under configuration management of an approving authority. [DIS] Reflected Attribute. An object attribute that is represented but not explicitly modeled in a simulation. The reflecting simulation accepts new values of the reflected attribute as they are produced by some other federation member and provided to it by the Runtime Infrastructure (RTI). [DMSO-HLA]
Reflected Object. An object that is represented but not explicitly modeled in a simulation. The reflecting simulation accepts changes in state of the reflected object as they are produced by some other federation member and provided to it by the Runtime Infrastructure (RTI). [DMSO-HLA]
Regime. The interaction domain of entities. Platform level entities in DIS interact in real time; these are the primary entities of interest in DIS. However, DIS is expected to increase its domain to encompass the regimes of aggregated models or HOMs (which run much faster than real-time) and to components or modules (which in general run much slower than real- time). [MSETT - Intro to Netwkng Pub 6] [MSETT - USACOM Definition Study]
Relational Model. A model of information in which data are represented as tables, with records stored as rows of the table and data elements stored as columns of each row. [JDBE]
Reliability Model. A model used to estimate, measure, or predict the reliability of a system; for example, a model of a computer system, used to estimate the total down time that will be experienced. [DIS; IEEE]
Reliable Service. A communication service in which the received data is guaranteed to be exactly as transmitted. [DIS; IEEE 1278.1; IEEE 1278.2; MSETT - Intro to Netwkng Pub 5]
Remote Entity Approximation (REA). The process of extrapolating and interpolating any state of an entity based on its last known state. This includes dead reckoning and smoothing. Syn: dead reckoning. [DIS]
Research, Development, and Acquisition (RDA). RDA includes all M&S used for design, development, and acquisition of weapons systems and equipment. M&S in the RDA domain are used for scientific inquiry to discover or revise facts and theories of phenomena, followed by transformation of these discoveries into physical representations. RDA also includes test and evaluation (T&E) where M&S are used to augment and possibly reduce the scope of real-world T&E. [Army]
Resolution. The degree of detail and precision used in the representation of real world aspects in a model or simulation. See also: granularity. [USMC Mstr Plan; DA PAM 5-11; DSMC 1]
Right-Hand Rule. Positive rotation is clockwise when viewed toward the positive direction along the axis of rotation. [DIS; IEEE 1278.1; MSETT - Intro to Netwkng, Pub 1]
Scalability.The ability of a distributed simulation to maintain time and spatial consistency as the number of entities and accompanying interactions increase. [MSMP; DIS Vision]
Scale Model. A physical model that resembles a given system, with only a change in scale; for example, a replica of an airplane one tenth the size of the actual airplane. [DIS; IEEE]
Scenario. (1) Description of an exercise ("initial conditions" in military terms). It is part of the session database which configures the units and platforms and places them in specific locations with specific missions. (2) An initial set of conditions and time line of significant events imposed on trainees or systems to achieve exercise objectives. See: field exercise. [DIS; IEEE 1278.3]
Schema. Descriptive representation of data and/or data requirements that describe conceptual, internal, or external views of information/data needs. [DoD 8320.1-M-X]
Scope. Used in reference to SAFOR scope refers to the aspects of combat portrayed by the system. For example, ground combat, combat support, combat service support, air-to-air combat, air-to-ground combat, air-to- ship combat, naval surface combat, naval undersea warfare, deployment. [DMSO 93 SAFOR Survey]
Seamless. Perfectly consistent. Transparent. [DMSO]
Segment. A portion of a session that is contiguous in simulation time and in wall-clock time (sidereal time). [DIS; IEEE 1278.3]
Selector. A portion of an address identifying a particular entity at an address (e.g., a session selector identifies a user of the session service residing at a particular session address). [MSETT - Intro to Netwkng, Pub 13]
Semi-Automated Forces (SAFOR). See: Computer Generated Forces.[MSMP]
Semi-Markov Model. A Markov chain model in which the length of time spent in each state is randomly distributed. [DIS; IEEE]
Semi-Markov Process. A Markov process in which the duration of each event is randomly distributed. [DIS; IEEE]
Serially-Correlated Variable. See: lag variable. [DIS]
Session. A portion of an exercise that is contiguous in wall-clock (sidereal) time and that is initialized per an exercise database. [DIS; IEEE 1278.3]
Shutter Glasses. Stereoscopic viewing eyeglasses that alternately reveal an image to the left and right eye to create the parallax effect giving a sense of depth (each eye receives a slightly different image). The shutters are typically composed of electrically switched LCD or Polaroid material and have no moving parts. [DSMC 2]
Sidereal Time. Time measured with respect to the stars. Time that is independent of simulation clocks, time zones, or measurement errors. The "Ground Truth" of time measurement. [DIS]
Simuland. The system being simulated by a simulation. [DIS]
Simulate. To represent a system by a model that behaves or operates like the system. See also: emulate. [DIS]
Simulated Time. Time as represented within a simulation. Syn: virtual time. See also: fast time; real time; slow time. [IEEE]
Simulation. A method for implementing a model over time. [MSMP; DoDD 5000.59]
Simulation Application. (1) The executing software on a host computer that models all or part of the representation of one or more simulation entities. The simulation application represents or "simulates" real-world phenomena for the purpose of training or experimentation. Examples include manned vehicle (virtual) simulators, computer generated forces (constructive), environment simulators, and computer interfaces between a Distributed Interactive Simulation (DIS) network and real (live) equipment. The simulation application receives and processes information concerning entities created by peer simulation applications through the exchange of DIS PDUs. More than one simulation application may simultaneously execute on a host computer. (2) The application layer protocol entity that implements standard DIS protocol. Syn: simulation. [DIS; IEEE 1278.1]
Simulation Clock. A counter used to accumulate simulated time. [DIS; IEEE]
Simulation Entity. An element of the synthetic environment that is created and controlled by a simulation application through the exchange of Distributed Interactive Simulation (DIS) Protocol Data Units (PDUs) (e.g., tanks, submarines, carriers, fighter aircraft, missiles, bridges). It is possible that a simulation application may be controlling more than one simulation entity. Syn: entity. [DIS; IEEE 1278.1]
Simulation Environment. (1) Consists of the operational environment surrounding the simulation entities including terrain, atmospheric, bathospheric and cultural information. (2) All the conditions, circumstances, and influences surrounding and affecting simulation entities including those stated in (1). [DIS]
Simulation Exercise. An exercise that consists of one or more interacting simulation applications. Simulations participating in the same simulation exercise share a common identifying number called the exercise identifier. These simulations also utilize correlated representations of the synthetic environment in which they operate. See: live simulation. [DIS; IEEE 1278.1 & 1278.2]
Simulation Fidelity. Refers to the degree of similarity between the training situation and the operational situation that is being simulated. [DIS; MSETT - Intro to Netwkng, Pub 3]
Simulation Game. A simulation in which the participants seek to achieve some agreed-upon objective within an established set of rules. For example, a management game, a war game. Note: The objective may not be to compete, but to evaluate the participants, increase their knowledge concerning the simulated scenario, or achieve other goals. Syn: gaming simulation. [DIS; IEEE]
Simulation Language. rogramming language used to implement simulations. [IEEE; DIS]
Simulation Management. A mechanism that provides centralized control of the simulation exercise. Functions of simulation management include: start, restart, maintenance, shutdown of the exercise, and collection and distribution of certain types of data. [DIS; IEEE 1278.1]
Simulation Manager. See: exercise manager. [DIS]
Simulation Process. The imitative representation of the actions of platform(s), munition(s), and life form(s) by computer program(s) in accordance with a mathematical model and the generation of associated battlefield entities. May be fully automated or partially automated. In the latter case, the human-in-the-loop injects command-level decisions into the process and is not intended to be a "trainee." [DIS]
Simulation Support Entity. Processing modules used to support, control, or monitor the simulation environment, but which do not actually exist on the battlefield. This includes battlefield viewing devices for controllers or exercise observers such as the stealth vehicle, the plan view display, after action review systems, and simulation control systems. [DIS; MSETT-Intro to Netwkng Pub 6]
Simulation Time. (1) a simulation's internal representation of time. Simulation time may accumulate faster, slower, or at the same pace as sidereal time. (2) The reference time (e.g., Universal Coordinated Time) within a simulation exercise, this time is established ahead of time by the simulation management function and is common to all participants in a particular exercise. [DIS; IEEE 1278.1]
Simulator. (1) A device, computer program, or system that performs simulation. (2) For training, a device which duplicates the essential features of a task situation and provides for direct practice. (3) For Distributed Interactive Simulation (DIS), a physical model or simulation of a weapons system, set of weapon systems, or piece of equipment which represents some major aspects of the equipment's operation. [DIS]
SIMWORLD. A collection of specifications that define the algorithms and models incorporated in a class of simulation entities. It defines the battlespace terrain modeling algorithms used, atmospheric/bathyspheric models employed, electromagnetic and acoustic spectrums recognized, fidelity characteristics, time reference, supported classes of interactions, etc. It does not include the data bases which populate those models and algorithms. Those data are found in the Battlespace data base. [MSETT - Intro to Netwkng Pub 6] [MSETT - USACOM Definition Study]
Single Point-of-Entry. The organization (s) responsible for entering data values for a data element.[DoD 8320.1-M]
Site. (1) An actual physical location at a specific geographic area, e.g., the Ft. Knox Close Combat Test Bed (CCTB) which can contain a single cell, multiple cells, or only part of a cell. (2) A node on the Distributed Interactive Simulation (DIS) long haul network which can contain a single cell, multiple cells, or only part of a cell. (3) A level of configuration authority within a DIS exercise. [DIS]
Site Manager. The individual responsible for the maintenance and operation of the simulators and local area network operations to support the requirement of the users. Additional responsibilities include: providing appropriate terrain; safety; data collection; and providing appropriate information for training feedback such as after action reviews and take- home packages. [DIS]
Slow Time. The duration of activities within a simulation in which simulated time advances slower than actual time. [DIS]
Smoothing. Interpolation of the previous state of an entity (location, velocity, etc.) to the current state, creating a smoothed transition between two successive entity state updates. [DIS]
Software Interface Standards Development. The development of a standard software interface that allows simulations using different software to communicate with each other. This is done by developing Protocol Data Units (PDUs) that specify the format and structure of data that will be transferred on the DSI. These PDUs standardize simulation output and establish the conversion requirements. [Army Mstr Plan]
Software Model. A symbolic model whose properties are expressed in software; for example, a computer program that models the effects of climate on the world economy. Contrast with: graphical model; mathematical model; narrative model; tabular model. [DIS; IEEE]
Span. The scale of the domain, that is global, theater, regional, local, individual. Description of the span is often subjective. [SIMTAX] Specific Domain. The precise set of possible values of an attribute (data element). [DoD 8320.1-M-X]
Stability. Constancy of purpose; steadfastness. Reliability; dependability. [DoD 8320.1-M-3]
Stabilized-Variable Model. A model in which some of the variables are held constant and the others are allowed to vary; for example, a model of a controlled climate in which humidity is held constant and temperature is allowed to vary. [DIS; IEEE]
Standard. A rule, principle, or measurement established by authority, custom, or general consent as a representation or example. [MSMP]
Standard Data Element. Data element registered IAW DoD data administration procedures. [DoDD 8320.1]
State. (1) The internal status of a simulation entity, e.g. fuel level, number of rounds remaining, location of craters, etc. State messages are used to start and restart entities or to update entities concerning the dynamic changes in the environment in their area of interest. See also: simulation entity. (2) A condition or mode of existence that a system, component, or simulation may be in; for example, the preflight state of an aircraft navigation program or the input state of given channel. (3) The values assumed at a given instant by the variables that define the characteristics of a system, component, or simulation. Syn: system state. See also: final state; initial state; steady state. [DIS]
State Machine. A model of a system in which all values are discrete, as in a digital computer. [IEEE; DIS]
State Transition. A change from one state to another in a system, component, or simulation. [DIS; IEEE]
State Variable. A variable that defines one of the characteristics of a system, component, or simulation. The values of all such variables define the state of the system, component, or simulation. [DIS]
Static Model. del of a system in which there is no change; for example, a scale model of a bridge, studied for its appearance rather than for its performance under varying loads. [DIS; IEEE] Steady State. A situation in which a model, process, or device exhibits stable behavior independent of time. [IEEE; DIS]
Stealth Viewer. A component that provides the capabilities for visually observing a Distributed Interactive Simulation (DIS) exercise without participating in the DIS exercise interaction. [DIS]
Stimulate. To provide input to a system in order to observe or evaluate the system's response. [DIS; IEEE]
Stimulation. Stimulation is the use of simulations to provide an external stimulus to a system or subsystem. An example is the use of a simulation representing the radar return from a target to drive (stimulate) the radar of a missile system within a hardware/software-in-the-loop simulation. [DSMC 1]
Stimulator. (1) A hardware device that injects or radiates signals into the sensor system(s) of operational equipment to imitate the effects of platforms, munitions, and environment that are not physically present. (2) A battlefield entity consisting of hardware and/or software modules which injects signals directly into the sensor systems of an actual battlefield entity to simulate other battlefield entities in the virtual battlefield. [DIS]
Stochastic. Pertaining to a process, model, or variable whose outcome, result, or value depends on chance. Contrast with: deterministic. [IEEE; DIS]
Stochastic Model. A model in which the results are determined by using one or more random variables to represent uncertainty about a process or in which a given input will produce an output according to some statistical distribution; for example, a model that estimates the total dollars spent at each of the checkout stations in a supermarket, based on probable number of customers and probable purchase amount of each customer. Syn: probabilistic model. See also: Markov-chain model. Contrast with: deterministic model.[DIS]
Stochastic Process. Any process dealing with events that develop in time or cannot be described precisely, except in terms of probability theory. [AFI 16-102; DSMC 1]
Structural Model. A representation of the physical or logical structure of a system; for example, a representation of a computer network as a set of boxes connected by communication lines. Contrast with: process model. [DIS; IEEE]
Structural Validation. The process of determining that the M&S assumptions, algorithms, and architecture provide an accurate representation of the composition of the real world as relevant to the intended use of the M&S. [DA PAM 5-11]
Subject Area. A major, high-level classification of data. A group of entity types that pertain directly to a function or major topic of interest to the enterprise. [DoD 8320.1-M]
Symbolic Model. A model whose properties are expressed in symbols. Examples include graphical models, mathematical models, narrative models, software models, and tabular models. Contrast with: physical model. [DIS; IEEE]
Symbology. A graphic representation of concepts or physical objects. [DoDD 8320.1]
Synthetic Battlefield. One type of synthetic environment. [MSMP]
Synthetic Environments (SE). Internetted simulations that represent activities at a high level of realism from simulations of theaters of war to factories and manufacturing processes. These environments may be created within a single computer or a vast distributed network connected by local and wide area networks and augmented by super-realistic special effects and accurate behavioral models. They allow complete visualization of and total immersion into the environment being simulated. [MSMP; CJCSI 8510.01]
System. A collection of components organized to accomplish a specific function or set of functions. [IEEE]
T-1.Data communications service that supports 1.544 megabits per second operation. [USMC Mstr Plan]
T-2. Data communications service that supports 45 megabits per second operation. [USMC Mstr Plan]
Tabular Model. A symbolic model whose properties are expressed in tabular form; for example, a truth table that represents a Boolean logic "OR" function. Contrast with: graphical model; mathematical model; narrative model; software model.[DIS; IEEE]
Taxonomy. A classification system. Provides the basis for classifying objects for identification, retrieval and research purposes. [SIMTAX]
Technical Data. Scientific or technical information recorded in any form or medium (such as manuals and drawings). Computer programs and related software are not technical data; documentation of computer programs and related software are. Also excluded are financial data or other information related to contract administration. [DoDI 5000.2]
Technical Infrastructure. The internal framework that must be built to implement an operational service. [DoD 8320.1-M]
Three-Way Handshake. A process whereby two protocol entities synchronize during connection establishment. [MSETT - Intro to Netwkng, Pub 13]
Tightly Coupled. A condition that exists when simulation entities are involved in very close interaction such that every action of an entity must be immediately accounted for by the other entities. Several tanks in close formation involved rapid, complicated maneuvers over the terrain is an example of a tightly coupled situation. [MSETT - Intro to Netwkng Pub 5]
Time-dependent event. An event that occurs at a predetermined point in time or after a predetermined period of time has elapsed. See also: conditional event. [DIS; IEEE]
Time-Slice Simulation. (l) A discrete simulation that is terminated after a specific amount of time has elapsed; for example, a model depicting the year-by-year forces affecting a volcanic eruption over a period of 100,000 years. Syn: time-interval simulation. See also: critical event simulation. (2) A discrete simulation of continuous events in which time advances by intervals chosen independent of the simulated events; for example, a model of a time multiplexed communication system with multiple channels transmitting signals over a single transmission line in very rapid succession. [DIS]
Time Step Models. Dynamic models in which time is advanced by a fixed or independently-determined amount to a new point in time, and the states or statuses of some or all resources are updated as of that new point in time. Typically these time steps are of constant size, but they need not be. [SIMTAX]
Time Variable. A variable whose value represents simulated time or the state of the simulation clock.[DIS; IEEE]
Tracked Munition. A munition for which tracking data is required. By necessity, a tracked munition becomes a simulation entity during its flight; its flight path is represented, therefore, by Entity State PDUs. [DIS; IEEE 1278.1]
Translator. The translator is the portion of an actor that interacts with ALSP. Normally, this is new software that adds the ability to transmit information about objects modeled by the actor and to receive information about objects modeled by other actors and to ghost these objects. [ALSP]
Transmit Management. The control of the transmission rate to match the transmission media. The transmission rate is selected to reduce total network traffic. [DIS]
Typing. Typing is the enforcement of the class of an object, such that objects of different types may not be interchanged, or may be interchanged only in restricted ways. [DMSO 93 SAFOR Survey]
Unbundling.The process of unpacking a bundled Protocol Data Unit (PDUs) into multiple separate PDUs. Contrast with: bundling. [DIS]
Unicast. A transmission mode in which a single message is sent to a single network destination, i.e., one-to-one. [DIS; MSETT - Intro to Netwkng, Pub 1]
Unified Combatant Command (UCC). One of the unified combatant commands established by the President of the United States according to Title 10, United States Code. Also referred to as Combatant Commands. (UCCs include: US Atlantic Command (abbreviated as USACOM); US Central Command (abbreviated as USCENTCOM); US European Command (abbreviated as USEUCOM); US Pacific Command (abbreviated as USPACOM); US Southern Command (abbreviated as USSOUTHCOM); US Space Command (abbreviated as USSPACOM); US Special Operations Command (abbreviated as USSOCOM); US Strategic Command (abbreviated as USSTRATCOM); and, US Transportation Command (abbreviated as USTRANSCOM)). [DoDD 5000.59; MSMP; DoDI 5000.XX]
Unit. (1) An aggregation of entities. (2) A basis of measurement. [DIS; IEEE 1278.3]
Unit Conversion. stem of converting measurement from one basis to another; for example, English/metric, knots/feet per second, IEEE floating point, byte swapping, etc. [DIS]
User. Military, industrial, or academic organizations requiring access to the Distributed Interactive Simulation (DIS) network. Prior to use, they will appoint one point of responsibility for their use of the network. This person is the Exercise Manager. See also: Simulation Manager. [DIS]
User-Data. Conceptually, the part of a protocol data unit (PDU) used to transparently communicate information between the users of the protocol. [MSETT - Intro to Netwkng, Pub 13]
Validation.The process of determining the degree to which a model or simulation is an accurate representation of the real-world from the perspective of the intended uses of the model or simulation. [DoDD 5000.59; JCS pub 1-02; DODI 5000.XX]
Validation Agent. The organization designated by the M&S sponsor to perform validation for a model, simulation, or federation of models and/or simulations. See also: verification and validation proponent. [DoDI 5000.XX]
Validity. The quality of maintained data that is found on an adequate system of classification (e.g., data model) that is rigorous enough to compel acceptance.[DoD 8320.1-M; DoD 8320.1-M-3]
Variable. A quantity or data item whose value can change. See also: dependent variable; independent variable; state variable. Contrast with: constant. [IEEE; DIS]
Verification. The process of determining that model or simulation implementation accurately represents the developer's conceptual description and specification. Verification also evaluates the extent to which the model or simulation has been developed using sound and established software engineering techniques. [MSMP; DoDD 5000.59]
Verification Agent. The organization designated by the M&S sponsor to perform verification for a model, simulation, or federation of models and/or simulations. See also: verification and validation proponent. [DoDI 5000.XX]
Verification and Validation (V&V) Proponent. The agency responsible for ensuring V&V is performed on a specific model or simulation. [DIS]
Vignette. A self-contained portion of a scenario. [DIS]
Virtual. Refers to the essence or effect of something, not the fact. [DSMC 2]
Virtual Battlespace. The illusion resulting from simulating the actual battlespace. [DIS]
Virtual Images. Visual, auditory and tactile stimuli that are transmitted to the sensory end organs so they appear to originate from within the three-dimensional space surrounding the user. [DSMC]
Virtual Modeling and Simulation. A synthetic representation of warfighting environments patterned after the simulated organization and operations of actual military units. Differences in the representation of the simulated battlefield (i.e., whether real world, computer generated, or interactive players in simulators) are transparent to the participants who interact with their particular representation of the warfighting environment. [DA PAM 5-11]
Virtual Network. The interconnection of DIS cells by any communications means which provide the necessary network services to conduct an exercise.[DIS; MSETT - DIS Glossary, LORAL 22SEP92]
Virtual Prototype. A computer-based simulation of systems and subsystems which exhibits both geometric and functional realism. This three-dimensional virtual mockup may be used to evaluate prototypes or concepts and provides a common platform which all functional disciplines (design, test, manufacturing, logistics, training, operations, etc.) can work. [DSMC 1]
Virtual Reality. The effect created by generating an environment that does not exist in the real world. Usually, a stereoscopic display and computer-generated three-dimensional environment giving the immersion effect. The environment is interactive, allowing the participant to look and navigate about the environment, enhancing the immersion effect. Virtual environment and virtual world are synonyms for virtual reality. [DSMC 2]
Virtual Simulation. Form of simulation in which entities exist in effect or in essence, although not in actual form, so that sensing of or by other entities must be via the DIS protocol data unit stream. When participation in a DIS exercise requires significant compromise of vehicle dynamics, the vehicle is then operating in the virtual mode. [DIS]
Virtual Time. See: simulated time. [DIS]
Virtual World. See: synthetic environment. [DIS]
Visualization. The formation of an artificial image that cannot be seen otherwise. Typically, abstract data that would normally appear as text and numbers is graphically displayed as an image. The image can be animated to display time varying data.[DSMC 2]
Visual Stealth. A component that provides the capabilities for visually observing a Distributed Interactive Simulation (DIS) exercise without participating in the DIS exercise interaction. [DIS]
Warfare Simulation.A model of warfare or any part of warfare for any purpose (such as analysis or training). [DIS; SIMTAX]
War Game. A simulation game in which participants seek to achieve a specified military objective given pre-established resources and constraints; for example, a simulation in which participants make battlefield decisions and a computer determines the results of those decisions. See also: management game. Syn: constructive simulation; higher order model (HOM). [DIS; IEEE]
White Box Model. See: glass box model. [DIS]
Wide Area Network (WAN). A communications network designed for large geographic areas. Sometimes called Long-Haul Network. [DIS; IEEE 1278.3]
World Coordinate System. The right-handed geocentric Cartesian system. The shape of the world is described by the WGS 84 standard. The origin of the world coordinate system is the centroid of the earth. The axes of this system are labeled X, Y, and Z, with: the positive X-axis passing through the Prime Meridian at the Equator; the positive Y-axis passing through 90 degrees East longitude at the Equator; and the positive Z-axis passing through the North Pole. [DIS; IEEE 1278.1] World Geodetic System 1984 (WGS 84). 1984 version of World Geophysical Society Standard earth, mass, and surface distribution model. [DIS]
World View. The view each simulation entity maintains of the simulated world from its own vantage point, based on the results of its own simulation and its processing of event messages received from all external entities. For Computer Generated Forces, the world view is the perceptions of the participating humans. For manned simulators or real vehicles, the world view is the perceptions of the participating humans. [DIS; MSETT - Intro to Netwkng Pub 6]
Yoked Variable. One of two or more variables that are dependent on each other in such a manner that a change in one automatically causes a change in the others. [DIS; IEEE]
CJCSI 8510.10 Refers to Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Instruction "Joint Modeling and Simulation Management" Draft as of 17 February 1995 DoDD 5000.59 Refers to DoD Directive 5000.59 "DoD Modeling and Simulation (M&S) Management," January 4,1994 DoDD 8320.1 Refers to DoD Directive 8320.1, "DoD Data Administration," September 26,1991 DoD 8320.1-M Refers to DoD 8320.1-M "Data Administration Procedures," March 29,1994 DoD 8320.1-M-1 Refers to DoD 8320.1-M-1, "Data Element Standardization Procedures," January 15, 1993 DoD 8320.1-M-3 Refers to DRAFT DoD 8320.1-M-3 "Data Quality Assurance Procedures (DRAFT)," February, 1994 DoD 8320.1-M-X Refers to DoD 8320.1-M-X, "DoD Data Model Development, Approval, and Maintenance Procedures (DRAFT)," May, 1993 DODI 5000.XX This refers to the DRAFT of the DoD Instruction for DODI 5000.XX being written by the VV&A Technical Working Group DSMC-1 Refers to the DSMC Guidebook on Modeling and Simulation dated September 1994 DSMC-2 Refers to the DSMC Report on Virtual Prototyping dated March 1994 AFI 16-102 This is the DRAFT of the Air Force's M&S Plan USMC Mstr Plan This is the recently signed Marine Corps Master Plan Army Mstr Plan This is the recently signed Army Master Plan MSMP This is the DRAFT DoD M&S Master Plan JSIMS Mstr Plan This is the 1995 JSIMS Master Plan MSETT M&S Educational Training Tool. Note: All terms with MSETT indicated came from their glossary. Those with MSETT followed by a source indicate they came from the MSETT glossary and that was the source referenced in the MSETT glossary. JDL Refers to Joint Directors of Laboratories Memo for the S&T M&S Community JDBE Refers to the Draft Military Handbook for Joint Data Base Elements for M&S dated 5 Aug 1993 ALSP Refers to the Aggregate Level Simulation Protocol (ALSP) 1993 Confederation Annual Report dated November 1993 DIS Refers to the DIS Glossary OTA Reflects terms obtained from an Office of Technology Assessment draft paper DSB Rpt May 1988 Refers to the Report of the Defense Science Board Task Force on Computer Applications to Training and Wargaming of May 1988 FY95 Focus Call Refers to Guidelines for conduct of FY95 Focused Call I/DB I/DB Bulletin Board FIPS Pub 11-3 Federal Information Processing Standard Publication 11-3 "American National Dictionary for Information Systems" NBS 500-149 "Guide on Data Entity Naming Conventions" NBS 500-152 "Guide to Information Resource Dictionary System Applications" MORS SIMTAX MORS SIMTAX dated 27 Oct 1989 DMSO DBTWG DMSO Database Technical Working Group RAND RAND Memo: Definitions of M&S, 3 Nov 1991 DMSO This refers to terms from internal DMSO sources.