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The American presidential election system has had some interesting quirks, such as... 1800, when Democrat-Republicans Jefferson and Burr receive the same number of electoral votes thus forcing the House of Representatives to choose the president, or 1824, 1876, 1888, and 2000, years in which the persons (Jackson, Tilden, Cleveland, and Gore) receiving the most votes from citizens are denied the presidency because of the electoral college system, or 1912, when Teddy Roosevelt, frustrated with the lack of Progressive zeal of his hand-picked successor, William Howard Taft, enters the race and basically gives it to Democratic candidate Woodrow Wilson, or 1972, when Nixon wins 49 out of 50 states, but is so fixated on his enemies that he allows practices to take place which caused him to be the first president to resign from office and the second of three presidents to have impeachment proceedings develop to a signficant level (The only two presidents formally impeached were Andrew Johnson and Bill Clinton. Both were acquitted in the Senate). 2000, when the U.S. Supreme Court by a vote of 5-4 overrules a Florida State Supreme Court ruling requiring the manual recount of undercounted votes, thus allowing George W. Bush to win the 25 electoral votes needed and become president, even though his opponent Al Gore wins more votes nationwide (Gore's total in 2000 is 542,000 greater than Bush's). Justice John Paul Stevens comments: "It is confidence in the men and women who administer the judicial system that is the true backbone of the rule of law. Time will one day heal the wound to that confidence that will be inflicted by today's decision. One thing, however, is certain. Although we may never know with complete certainty the identity of the winner of this year's Presidential election, the identity of the loser is perfectly clear. It is the nation's confidence in the judge as an impartial guardian of the rule of law." The purpose of this site is to give some basic statistical information to my students about the 52 times Americans have chosen a president. If you find it helpful in any way, please let me know.
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Dwight D. Eisenhower & John F. Kennedy with Robert Frost, January 20, 1961, a memorable inauguration day. |
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Vote |
Vote |
Vote |
Participation |
| 1789 | George Washington
John Adams Others |
69
34 35 |
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| 1792 | George Washington
John Adams George Clinton Others |
132
77 50 5 |
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| 1796 | John Adams
Thomas Jefferson Thomas Pinckney Aaron Burr Others |
Federalist
Democrat-Republican Federalist Democrat-Republican -- |
71
68 59 30 48 |
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| 1800 | Thomas Jefferson
Aaron Burr John Adams C.C. Pinckney John Jay |
Democrat-Republican Democrat-Republican Federalist
Federalist Federalist |
73
73 65 64 1 |
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| 1804 | Thomas Jefferson
C.C. Pinckney |
Democrat-Republican Federalist | 162
14 |
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| 1808 | James Madison
C.C. Pinckney George Clinton |
Democrat-Republican Federalist
Democrat-Republican |
122
47 6 |
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| 1812 | James Madison
DeWitt Clinton |
Democrat-Republican Federalist | 128
89 |
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| 1816 | James Monroe
Rufus King |
Democrat-Republican Federalist | 183
34 |
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| 1820 | James Monroe
John Quincy Adams |
Democrat-Republican National Republican | 231
1 |
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| 1824 | John Q.Adams
Andrew Jackson William Crawford Henry Clay |
National Republican
Democrat-Republican Democrat-Republican Democrat-Republican |
108,740
153,544 46,618 47,136 |
30.5
43.1 13.1 13.2 |
84
99 41 37 |
26.9 |
| 1828 | Andrew Jackson
John Q. Adams |
Democrat
National Republican |
647,286
508,064 |
56.0
44.0 |
178
83 |
57.6 |
| 1832 | Andrew Jackson
Henry Clay John Floyd William Wirt |
Democrat
National Republican Independent Anti-Mason |
687,502
530,189 - 33,108 |
55.0
42.4 - - |
219
49 11 7 |
55.4 |
| 1836 | Martin Van Buren
W.H. Harrison Hugh White Daniel Webster W.P. Magnum |
Democrat
Whig Whig Whig Independent |
765,483
739,795 - - - |
50.9
49.1 - - - |
170
73 26 14 11 |
57.8 |
| 1840 | W.H. Harrison
Martin Van Buren J.G. Birney |
Whig
Democrat Liberty |
1,274,624
11,27,781 7,069 |
53.1
46.9 - |
234
60 - |
80.2 |
| 1841-1845 | John Tyler took office on Harrison's death | Whig in name, but Democrat in principle | ||||
| 1844 | James K. Polk
Henry Clay J.G. Birney |
Democrat
Whig Liberty |
1,338,464
1,300,097 62,300 |
49.6
48.1 2.3 |
170
105 - |
78.9 |
| 1848 | Zachary Taylor
Lewis Cass Martin Van Buren |
Whig
Democrat Free-Soil |
1,360,967
1,222,342 291,263 |
47.4
42.5 10.1 |
163
127 - |
72.7 |
| 1850-
1853 |
Millard Fillmore took
office on Taylor's death |
Whig | ||||
| 1852 | Franklin Pierce
Winfield Scott John P. Hale |
Democrat
Whig Free-Soil |
1,601,117
1,385,453 155,825 |
50.9
44.1 5.0 |
254
42 - |
69.6 |
| 1856 | James Buchanan
John C. Fremont Millard Fillmore |
Democrat
Republican American |
1,832,955
1,339,932 871,731 |
45.3
33.1 21.6 |
174
114 8 |
78.9 |
| 1860 | Abraham Lincoln
Stephen Douglas John Breckenridge John Bell |
Republican
Democrat Democrat Union |
2,213,655
1,382,713 848,356 592,906 |
39.8
29.5 18.1 12.6 |
180
12 72 39 |
81.2 |
| 1864 | Abraham Lincoln
George McClellan |
Republican
Democrat |
2,213,655
1,805,237 |
55.0
45.0 |
212
21 |
73.8 |
| 1865-
1869 |
Andrew Johnson took
office on Lincoln's death |
Union | ||||
| 1868 | Ulysses S. Grant
Horatio Seymour |
Republican
Democrat |
3,012,833
2,703,249 |
52.7
47.3 |
214
80 |
78.1 |
| 1872 | Ulysses S. Grant
Horace Greeley |
Republican
Democrat |
3,597,132
2,834,125 |
55.6
43.9 |
286
66 |
71.3 |
| 1876 | Rutherford B. Hayes Samuel Tilden | Republican
Democrat |
4,036,298
4,300,590 |
48.0
51.0 |
185
184 |
81.8 |
| 1880 | James Garfield
Winfield S. Hancock |
Republican
Democrat |
4,454,416
4,444,952 |
48.5
48.1 |
214
155 |
79.4 |
| 1881-
1885 |
Chester Arthur took office
on Garfield's death |
Republican | ||||
| 1884 | Grover Cleveland
James G. Blaine |
Democrat
Republican |
4,874,986
4,851,981 |
48.5
48.2 |
219
182 |
77.5 |
| 1888 | Benjamin Harrison
Grover Cleveland |
Republican
Democrat |
5,439,853
5,540,309 |
47.9
48.6 |
233
138 |
79.3 |
| 1892 | Grover Cleveland
Benjamin Harrison James B. Weaver |
Democrat
Republican People's |
5,556,918
5,176,108 1,041,028 |
46.1
43.0 8.5 |
277
145 22 |
74.7 |
| 1896 | William McKinley
William J. Bryan |
Republican
Democrat |
7,104,779
6,502,925 |
51.1
47.7 |
271
176 |
79.3 |
| 1900 | William McKinley
William J. Bryan |
Republican
Democrat |
7,207,923
6,502,925 |
51.7
45.5 |
292
155 |
73.2 |
| 1904 | Theodore Roosevelt
Alton B. Parker Eugene V. Debs |
Republican
Democrat Socialist |
57.9
37.6 3.0 |
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| 1908 | William H. Taft
William J. Bryan Eugene V. Debs |
Republican
Democrat Socialist |
51.6
43.1 2.8 |
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| 1912 | Woodrow Wilson
Theodore Roosevelt William H. Taft Eugene V. Debs |
Democrat
Progressive Republican Socialist |
41.9
27.4 23.2 6.0 |
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| 1916 | Woodrow Wilson
Charles E. Hughes A.L. Benson |
Democrat
Republican Socialist |
49.4
46.2 3.2 |
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| 1920 | Warren Harding
James M. Cox Eugene V. Debs |
Republican
Democrat Socialist |
60.4
34.2 3.4 |
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| 1924 | Calvin Coolidge
John W. Davis Robert M. LaFollette |
Republican
Democrat Progressive |
54.0
28.8 16.6 |
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| 1928 | Herbert Hoover
Alfred Smith Norman Thomas |
Republican
Democrat Socialist |
58.2
40.9 0.7 |
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| 1932 | Franklin Roosevelt
Herbert Hoover Norman Thomas |
Democrat
Republican Socialist |
57.4
39.7 2.2 |
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| 1936 | Franklin Roosevelt
Alfred M. Landon William Lemke |
Democrat
Republican Union |
60.8
36.5 1.9 |
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| 1940 | Franklin Roosevelt
Wendell Wilkie |
Democrat
Republican |
54.8
44.8 |
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| 1944 | Franklin Roosevelt
Thomas E. Dewey |
Democrat
Republican |
53.5
46.0 |
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| 1948 | Harry S. Truman
Thomas E. Dewey Strom Thurmond Henry A. Wallace |
Democrat
Republican States-Rights Demo. Progressive |
49.5
45.1 2.4 2.4 |
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| 1952 | Dwight Eisenhower
Adlai Stevenson |
Republican
Democrat |
55.1
44.4 |
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| 1956 | Dwight Eisenhower
Adlai Stevenson |
Republican
Democrat |
57.6
42.1 |
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| 1960 | John F. Kennedy
Richard Nixon |
Democrat
Republican |
49.9
49.6 |
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| 1964 | Lyndon Johnson
Barry Goldwater |
Democrat
Republican |
61.1
38.5 |
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| 1968 | Richard Nixon
Hubert Humphrey George Wallace |
Republican
Democrat American Independent |
43.4
42.7 13.5 |
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| 1972 | Richard Nixon
George McGovern |
Republican
Democrat |
60.7
37.5 |
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| 1974 | Gerald Ford took office on Nixon's resignation | Republican | ||||
| 1976 | Jimmy Carter
Gerald Ford |
Democrat
Republican |
50.0
47.9 2.1 |
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| 1980 | Ronald Reagan
Jimmy Carter John P. Anderson Ed Clark |
Republican
Democrat Independent Libertarian |
50.7
41.0 6.6 1.1 |
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| 1984 | Ronald Reagan
Walter Mondale |
Republican
Democrat |
59.0
41.0 |
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| 1988 | George Bush
Michael Dukakis |
Republican
Democrat |
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| 1992 | Bill Clinton
George Bush |
Democrat
Republican |
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| 1996 | Bill Clinton
Bob Dole |
Democrat
Republican |
Source: American History by Richard Current, et al. New York: Knopf, 1979.