Philosophical apologetics concerns itself primarily with the reasons to believe that God exists. These arguments go as far back as Plato. Many of these arguments have passed the test of time and are still considered sound arguments today.
These arguments can be grouped into several categories:
The Cosmological Argument - This argues that the existence of the universe demonstrates that God exists (see Rom 1:20).
The Teleological Argument - This argues that there is a intricate design in the world around us, and a design requires a designer. Besides the philosophical teleological argument, there is also a scientific teleological argument. (see Scientific Apologetics)
The Ontological Argument - This argues that the very concept of God demands that there is an actual existent God.
The Moral Argument - This argues that if there are any real morals, then there must be an absolute from which they are derived.
The Transcendental Argument - This argues that all our abilities to think and reason require the existence of God.
Other Causal Arguments - These arguments are minor arguments, yet worth noting.
Presuppositional Arguments - Arguments that show basic beliefs of theists and non-theists require God as a necessary precondition.
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On-Line Articles
The Existence of God by G. Brady Lenardos
The Other Side: Metaphysics and Meaning by Russell M. Manion
The Indispensability of Theological Meta-Ethical Foundations for Morality by William Lane Craig
Philosophical Apologetics, the Church, and Contemporary Culture by J.P. Moreland
Twenty Arguments For The Existence Of God by Peter Kreeft & Ronald K. Tacelli
Philosophical Problems With Moral Relativism by Francis J. Beckwith.
Philosophy and Belief in God by Francis J. Beckwith
Stephen Hawking, The Big Bang, and God by Dr. Henry "Fritz" Schaefer III
The Existence of God and the Beginning of the Universe by William Lane Craig
The Ultimate Question of Origins: God and the Beginning of the Universe by William Lane Craig
Creation and Big Bang Cosmology by William Lane Craig
Divine Timelessness and Personhood by William Lane Craig
The Problem Of Miracles by William Lane Craig
Hume, Kant, and Rational Theism by Hugo Meynell
From Relativism and Skepticism to Truth and Certainty by P Josef Seifert
There is No Truth? by Gregory Koukl
Preference or Truth? by Gregory Koukl
Relativists & Sociopaths by Gregory Koukl
Relativism Self-Destructs by Gregory Koukl
When Absolutism is Relative by Gregory Koukl
"What Do I Say Now?" Responding to the Slogans of Critics by Rick Wade
Any Absolutes? Absolutely by Norman L. Geisler
Theism, Atheism, and Rationality by Alvin Plantinga
Intellectual Sophistication and Basic Belief in God by Alvin Plantinga
The Justification of Theism by Richard G. Swinburne
Why I Believe in God by Cornelius Van Til
My Credo by Cornelius Van Til
The Martin-Frame Debate (transcendental argument)
Do All Paths Lead to the Same Destination? by Keith E. Johnson
Morality Apart From God: Is It Possible? by Ray Cotton
The Craig-Nielsen Debate: Does God Exist?
THE CRAIG-PIGLIUCCI DEBATE: DOES GOD EXIST?
THE CRAIG-JESSEPH DEBATE: DOES GOD EXIST?
THE CRAIG-WASHINGTON DEBATE: DOES GOD EXIST?
THE CRAIG-TOOLEY DEBATE: DOES GOD EXIST?
THE CRAIG-SMITH DEBATE: DOES GOD EXIST?
Real Audio Discussions about
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The Great Debate: Greg Bahnsen vs. Gordon Stein (audio)
Craig-Atkins Debate: Existence of God, Part 1 (audio)
Craig-Atkins Debate: Existence of God, Part 2 (audio)
Existence of God by Walter Martin (audio)
Evil and Human Suffering by Walter Martin (audio)