Topic 9 Human Reproduction

A.S. Obj. 9.1 Production of Gametes (3h)
9.1.1 1
Draw the structure of testis tissue as seen using a light microscope.
Light microscopes show the presence of seminiferous tubules with blood capillaries and interstitial cells. Draw one seminiferous tubule in transverse section (TS) with adjacent intersitial cells. The sectioned tubules have an outer germ cell layer with basement membrane, developing spermatozoa and the Sertoli cells that provide nourishment.
9.1.2 2
Outline the processes involved in spermatogenesis including mitosis, cell growth, the two divisions of meiosis and cell differentiation.
Cross reference with 1.5 and 8.1. The names of the intermediate stages are not required.
9.1.3 2
Outline the origin and the role of the hormones FSH, testosterone and LH in spermatogenesis.
The name ICSH will not be used.
9.1.4 1
Draw the structure of the ovary as seen using a light microscope.
Developing oocytes can be seen. The stages of developing Graafian follicles are visible. The primary oocytes are surrounded by the zona pellucida.
9.1.5 2
Outline the processes involved in oogenesis including mitosis, cell growth, the two divisions of meiosis, the unequal division of cytoplasm and the degeneration of polar bodies.
Cross reference with 1.5 and 8.1. Names of the stages are not required.
9.1.6 1 Draw the structure of a mature sperm and egg.
9.1.7 2 Outline the role of the epididymis, seminal vesicle and prostate gland in the production of semen.
9.1.8 2 Outline the processes of spermatogenesis and oogenesis including the number of gametes and the timing of the formation and release of gametes.
    9.2 Fertilization and Pregnancy (2h)
9.2.1 2 Describe the process of fertilization including the acrosome reaction, penetration of the egg membrane by a sperm and the cortical reaction.
9.2.2 2 Outline the role of human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) in early pregnancy.
9.2.3 2
Describe the structure and functions of the placenta including its hormonal role in the maintenance of pregnancy (secretion of estrogen and progesterone.)
Details of the embryological development of humans, formation and evolutionary origins of the extra-embryonic membranes and hormonal control of lactation are not required. Prolactin in connection with 5.7/9 and 5.7.10 might also be discussed here.