| A.S. |
Obj. |
13.1 Plant Structure (2h) |
| 13.1.1 |
2 |
- Outline the wide diversity in the plant kingdom
as exemplified by the structural differences
between bryophytes, filicinophytes,
coniferophytes and angiospermophytes.
- No details of internal structures
of life cycles are expected.
|
| 13.1.2 |
1 |
- Draw a diagram to show the external parts of a
named dicotyledonous plant.
- Include the root, stem, leaf,
axillary and terminal buds.
|
| 13.1.3 |
1 |
- Draw plan diagrams to show the distribution of
tissues in the stem, root and leaf of a
generalized dicotyledonous plant.
- Either one species could be
selected for the whole study or different species
could be used for the stem, root and leaf,
depending on the availability of material and/or
local interest. Note that plan diagrams show
distribution of tissues (eg xylem, phloem) and do
not show individual cells. They are sometimes
called "low power" diagrams.
|
| 13.1.4 |
3 |
- Explain the relationship between the distribution
of tissues in the leaf and the functions of these
tissues.
- The functions should include
absorption of light, gas exhange, support, water
conservation, transport of water and products of
photosynthesis.
|
| 13.1.5 |
2 |
- Outline four adaptations of
xerophytes.
- These could include: CAM and C4
physiology, reduced leaves, rolled leaves,
spines, deep roots, thickened waxy cuticle,
reduced number of stomata, stomata in pits
surrounded by "hairs", water storage
tissue, low growth form and annual plants with
short life cycles.
|
| 13.1.6 |
2 |
- Outline two structural adaptations of
hydrophytes.
- These could include air spaces,
flotation, ploiable parts with little
strengthening tissue, "breathing"
roots, reduced roots and finely divided submerged
leaves.
|
| |
|
13.2 Transport in
Angiospermophytes (4h) |
| 13.2.1 |
3 |
Explain how the root system provides a
large surface area for mineral ion and water uptake by
means of branching, root hairs and cortex cell walls. |
| 13.2.2 |
2 |
Describe the process of mineral ion
uptake into roots by active transport. |
| 13.2.3 |
3 |
- Explain the process of water uptake by root
epidermis cells and its movement by the
symplastic and apoplastic pathways across the
root to the xylem.
- Water potential terminology is not
expected. Water movement should be explained in
terms of differences in solute concentration and
pressure.
|
| 13.2.4 |
1 |
State that terrestrial plants support
themselves by means of thickend cellulose, cell turgor
and xylem. |
| 13.2.5 |
1 |
- Define transpiration.
- Transpiration -- the loss of water
vapour from the leaves and stems of plants.
|
| 13.2.6 |
3 |
- Explain how water is carried by the transpiration
stream, including the structure of xylem vessels,
transpiration pull, cohesion and evaporation.
- Limit the structure of xylem
vessels to one type of primary xylem.
|
| 13.2.7 |
1 |
State that guard cells can open and
close stomata to regulate transpiration. |
| 13.2.8 |
3 |
Explain how the abiotic factors,
light, temperature, wind and humidity, affect the rate of
transpiration in a typical terrestrial mesophytic plant. |
| 13.2.9 |
2 |
Outline the role of phloem in active
translocation of biochemicals. |
| 13.2.10 |
2 |
Describe an example of food storage in
a plant. |
| |
|
13.3. Reproduction in
Flowering Plants (2h) |
| 13.3.1 |
1 |
- Draw the structure of a dicotyledonous
animal-pollinated flower, as seen with the naked
eye and hand lens.
- Limit the diagram to sepal, petal,
anther, filament, stigma, style and ovary.
|
| 13.3.2 |
1 |
Define pollination. |
| 13.3.3 |
2 |
Distinguish between pollination,
fertilization and seed dispersal. |
| 13.3.4 |
1 |
- Draw the external and internal
structure of a named dicotyledonous seed.
- The named seed should be
non-endospermic. The structure in the diagram
should be limited to testa, micropyle, embryo
root, embryo shoot and cotyledons.
|
| 13.3.5 |
2 |
- Describe the metabolic events of germination in a
typical starchy seed.
- Absorption of water precedes the
formation of gibberellin in the coyledon. This
stimulates the production of amylase which
catalyses the breakdown of starch to maltose.
This subsequently diffuses to the embryo for
energy production and growth. No further details
are expected.
|
| 13.3.6 |
3 |
- Explain the conditions needed for the germination
of a typical seed.
- Seeds vary in their light
requirements and therefore this factor need not
be included.
|