Lay-persons should read "Summary
of Acetaldehyde Effects"
Acetaldehyde Effects and their
Possible Pathological Mechanisms Relating to Candidiasis
Symptoms
- A paper primarily for medical
doctors and medical researchers.
- Written and compiled by
G.R. Andrews.
About this Paper
This paper was prepared, in part, to help dispel
some of the doubts in the medical community as regards the validity
of Candida albicans as a pathogen. If the medical practitioner can
see the causation links, the illness will become
understandable.
The various model
diagrams found on this site strongly
illustrate the dominant role played by acetaldehyde as the likely
starting point for the mechanisms which produce the symptoms of
Candidiasis. There may be other non-acetaldehyde mechanisms. If you
know of any, please Email
the author.
Many literature searches were performed using
computer search algorithms available through the Grateful Med program
of the National Library of Medicine's computer data base in Bethesda,
MD. Mechanisms were found which appear to explain (at least some)
Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS), joint distortions, pains, allergic
reactions, chemical sensitivities, and general systemic degradations.
The findings are presented below.
The writer hopes that doctors and researchers
reading this paper will gain insight and interest, and will
contribute by doing original thought and research in their particular
areas of interest and expertise.
The writer first presents a literature finding
relating to the effects of Acetaldehyde on a particular aspect of a
human biological system, then discusses how that effect could account
for observed symptoms of Candidiasis. The knowledge of such symptoms
has been learned from both extensive reading of clinical books, and
from many years of the writer's own experiences as a Candidiasis
patient.
Because the computer search engine does not have
any "preconceived" ideas about where to look, if there are no
restrictions given to it, it can well find information that would not
be found by a human influenced by his biases. This actually happened
many times, and helped shed light upon the illness.
OSHA Paper
This writer also wishes to direct
your attention to a paper issued by OSHA. (Acetaldehyde is a
dangerous industrial chemical.) That paper issues warnings which
closely correlate with the information he presents. Ref :
R17
Page
Contents
- Page
TOP - - - Return to
Page
Contents.
- Go to Misc.
Essays contents. - - -
Main
contents.
Reversibly
binds to Red Blood Cells (Demonstrated) -- Return to
Page Contents.
- Carry high concentrations of
acetaldehyde
- Travel throughout the system this
way.
- Is released, then taken up by tissues at many
sites, where it can do harm.
- Up to half of it can be released in the brain,
thus the many CNS symptoms. (Hypothesis )
- Interferes with oxygen transport R2 by binding
to transferrin R1 - hence CFS!
Microtubular
Alterations (Demonstrated) -- Return to Page
Contents.
- Distorts cell structure and thereby may reduce
cell efficiency.
- May interfere with cell
multiplication.
- Hypothesis: Inhibits the mobility of
macrophages, thereby preventing them from effectively seeking out
and destroying foreign cells. The only way for macrophages to move
in the cornified layers of the skin is their own motive power.
Hence the inability of my system to defend my skin against fungi,
Candida family, and gram negative bacteria.
Interferes
with enzyme activities (Demonstrated) -- Return to
Page Contents.
- Especially damaging to zinc based enzymes.
Many of the enzymes involved with the immune system are zinc
based, therefore this is a likely mechanism for local
immune system suppression.
Impairs
repair of alkylated nucleoproteins (Demonstrated) --
Return to Page
Contents.
Causes
too much collagen to be generated (Demonstrated) -- Return
to Page Contents.
- Increased mRNA (messenger RNA)
- Cirrhosis of the liver and other
tissues.
- Collagen thickening seen under yeast infection
sites
Decreased
DNA repair (Demonstrated) -- Return to Page
Contents.
- Can lead to individual cell death.
- Can lead to tumors, some
cancerous.
Greatly
suppresses liver's ability to use oxygen (Demonstrated) --
Return to Page
Contents.
- Slow down all liver activity; detoxification;
storage and recovery of energy.
Promote
GSH depletion (Demonstrated) -- Return to Page
Contents.
Promotes
Free-radical Toxicity (Demonstrated) -- Return to
Page Contents.
- Damage to chemistry of cell, DNA, enzymes,
etc.
Causes
lipid peroxidation (Demonstrated) -- Return to Page
Contents.
- Interferes with the Calcium Intracellular
Messenger System by damaging phosphetydle-inosotol 4,5 Biphosphate
(a lipid). (Hypothesis.)
Swelling
of liver cells (Demonstrated) -- Return to Page
Contents.
- Mechanical damage/interference
Flushing
of the face (Demonstrated) -- Return to Page
Contents.
- Quite common in Candidiasis.
Protein
Adducts; bound at lysine moiety
(Demonstrated)[many] -- Return to Page
Contents.
Interferes with
- Tubulin polymerization
- Protein trafficking
- Secretion of glycoproteins
- May also bind with cysteine, valine, and
tyrosine.
Immune
reactions directed at liver cells (Demonstrated) -- Return
to Page Contents.
- Circulating adducts eventually result in the
immune system generating antibodies against them.
- Allergic and near anaphylactic reactions can
occur.
- Lipid Adducts are taken up and made part of
liver cell walls, presenting antigens to the serum which call up
killer T-Cells. (Aminophospholipid-Ace. adducts)
- Immune system kills those liver
cells.
Adducts
formed are similar to those formed by formaldehyde!
(Demonstrated) -- Return to Page
Contents.
Crosslinking
between DNA strands causes Sister-chromatid exchange in
lymphocytes (Demonstrated) -- Return to Page
Contents.
- ??? Might interfere with gene
expression.
- ??? Might interfere with
multiplication.
- ??? Daughter cells may be
ineffective.
Potentiates
liver cell damage by Acetaminophen (Demonstrated) --
Return to Page
Contents.
- Even in the range of 2.5 - 4.0 g of
Acetaminophen (Tylenol).
Adducts
with a large number of liver proteins & phospholipids
(Demonstrated)[many] -- Return to Page
Contents.
- Albumin
- Tubulin. 20% modification significantly
inhibits polymerization.
- 37 Med liver protein
- P450IIE1
- An ethanol-inducible P450 isozyme
- Hepatic proteins
- Liver microsomal proteins
- Liver plasma membranes
- Liver cytosol proteins
- Lysine-dependent enzymes
- Phosphatidylethanolamine
- Mitochondrial
- Adducts are formed at very low concentrations
of Acetaldehyde.
- Even small amounts bound to a protein can
impair its function, if bound to a lysine residue in a critical
location. Lysine component Acetaldehyde adducts are the most
common (known).
May
produce Widespread Induction of heat-shock proteins --
Return to Page
Contents.
- A 70kD protein
- Ubiquitin, a 8.5 Med
- May play a role in pathogenesis of autoimmune
diseases
Carcinogenic
(Demonstrated) -- Return to Page
Contents.
Constriction
of coronary artery (Probable)-- Return to Page
Contents.
- Due to release of epinephrine and
norepinephrine.
Arthritis
of large joints (Demonstrated) -- Return to Page
Contents.
Induced by:
- Immuno-supressive, including steroids,
transplants, Aids, and others, - and:
- Invasive procedures of the joint area, -
or:
- Disseminated Candidiasis.
- (My hypothesis) I suspect that the finger
joints will produce arthritic-like joint enlargement from Candida
albicans infection in the skin around the joint. There is major
evidence for this in me, my sister Patti, and our mother. For
finger and toe joints as compared to the large joints, there is a
much larger ratio of skin volume to joint volume, and the distance
between the skin and the bones of the joint are much shorter. Thus
it may be that invasion of the joint space by Ca is not needed.
The toxins which cause the joint deposits can easily migrate into
the bone from the skin. This hypothesis is supported very strongly
in me by the dramatic distortion of joints which has
occurred in less than 24 hours. Also by the fact that
treating the skin for fungi reduces the joint distortion. In
Patti, and in myself, there have been some signs of larger joint
involvement in a manner more consistent with arthritis in its
usual manifestations. Her wrists and my left larger thumb joint
have developed soreness, interfering with their use. My hip joints
would hurt after running only 100 feet. These symptoms are not
permanent; they can come and go over periods of weeks or months,
and follow the rest of my symptoms up and down.
-
Page
TOP - - - Return
to Page
Contents.
- Go to Misc.
Essays contents. - - -
Main
contents.
