IN A RICH MAN'S WORLD
I'm tracking a new phenomenon called "scandal fatigue." It sets in when the corporate crime rate gets too high and the numbers being bandied about become too boggling to get your mind around.
For instance, I was plenty angry when WorldCom announced that it had misstated its earnings by $3.7 billion. I couldn't really get a handle on what a figure like that meant–but I knew it was a pantload. Then they looked through the books again and realized that, oops, the amount was actually $7 billion. Was I supposed to be twice as ticked off? Or were there just too many zeros to grasp?
The reason our eyes start to glaze over at a certain point is that we lack what T.S. Eliot called "an objective correlative"–a way of relating to something as abstract and conceptual as a seven followed by nine zeros.
With that in mind, I've done a little research in an effort to offer up some perspective on the magnitude of these crimes. My hope is that when you see a number like $100 million–the amount Jeff Skilling pocketed from Enron before abandoning the sinking ship–expressed not in dollars but in terms we can all identify with, your outrage meter will be set to the proper scale.
Here goes.
The total amount of sweetheart insider loans doled out to John Rigas (Adelphia), Bernie Ebbers (WorldCom), Stephen Hilbert (Conseco), Dennis Kozlowski (Tyco), and Ken Lay (Enron) was $3.9 billion.
With $3.9 billion, you could:
Still having a little trouble with the figures? Well, consider this: According to Fortune magazine, the total amount of money raked in by corporate executives selling company stock even while their companies crashed and burned was roughly $66 billion.
With $66 billion, you could:
I hope your blood is really boiling now. But perhaps still not enough to take action. Then try these numbers on for size:
The total loss in market value of WorldCom, Tyco, Qwest, Enron, and Global Crossing was $427 billion.
With $427 billion, you could:
UPSTAIRS/DOWNSTAIRS
"What we have in this country is socialism for the rich and free
enterprise for the poor."
–Gore Vidal
"The only difference between the rich and other people is that the rich have more money," said literary critic Mary Colum during lunch with Ernest Hemingway in 1936. In truth, more money is hardly the only difference. No newsflash there. But what should be making headlines is the fact that the gap between what's going on upstairs in boardrooms, executive suites, and private planes and what's going on downstairs in office cubicles and on factory floors has become an abyss.
Upstairs: Former Kmart CEO Charles Conaway received nearly $23 million in
compensation during his two-year tenure.
Downstairs: When Kmart filed for bankruptcy in 2002, 283 stores were
closed and 22,000 employees lost their jobs. None of them received any severance
pay whatsoever.
Upstairs: Former Tyco CEO Dennis Kozlowski made nearly $467 million in
salary, bonuses and stock during his four-year tenure.
Downstairs: Shareholders lost a massive $92 billion when Tyco's market
value plunged.
Upstairs: The CEOs of 23 large companies under investigation by the SEC
and other agencies earned 70% more than the average CEO, banking a collective
$1.4 billion between 1999 and 2001.
Downstairs: Since January 2001 the market value of these 23 companies
nosedived by over $500 billion, or roughly 73%, and they have laid off over
160,000 employees.
Upstairs: In the year before Enron collapsed, about 100 executives and
energy traders collected more than $300 million in cash payments from the
company. More than $100 million went to former CEO Kenneth Lay.
Downstairs: After filing for bankruptcy, Enron lost $68 billion in market
value, 5,000 employees lost their jobs, and Enron workers lost $800 million from
their pension funds.
Upstairs: Wal-Mart CEO H. Lee Scott, Jr. received more than $17 million
in total compensation in 2001.
Downstairs: Wal-Mart employees in 30 states are suing the company
alleging that managers forced employees to punch out after an eight-hour work
day, and then continue working for no pay. This is a clear violation of the Fair
Labor Standards Act, which says employees who work more than 40 hours a week
must be paid time and a half for their overtime.
Upstairs "Penthouse A": Citigroup provided Enron with $8.5 billion in loans disguised as commodity trades. The deals allowed Enron to artificially inflate cash flow and hide debt, which deceptively boosted share price and ultimately led to the company's collapse.
Upstairs "Penthouse B": Citigroup offered hot initial public
offering shares to WorldCom CEO Bernie Ebbers and other telecom titans in
exchange for their investment banking business. Ebbers is alleged to have made
nearly $11 million on IPO shares sold to him by Citigroup.
Downstairs: Citigroup agreed to pay $215 million in fines to the FTC to
settle allegations of "predatory lending," loosely defined as mortgage
lending that preys on customers, especially ones with bad credit, through
abusive practices like deceptive marketing and inflated fees on unnecessary
refinancings.
Upstairs: More than a million U.S. corporations and individuals have
registered as citizens of Bermuda to avoid taxes, a practice okayed by the IRS.
Although the exact number is unknown, the IRS estimates that "tax motivated
expatriation" drains at least $70 billion a year from the U.S. Treasury.
Downstairs: If you were poor enough to apply for the Earned Income Tax
Credit in 2001, your chance of being audited was one in 47. If you made more
than $100,000 a year, your chance of being audited was one in 208.
Upstairs: The richest 20% of Americans earn almost 50% of the nation's
income.
Downstairs: The poorest 20% of Americans earn 5.2%.
Upstairs: The top 1% of stock owners hold 47.7% of all stocks by value.
Downstairs: The bottom 80% of stock owners own just 4.1% of total stock
holdings.
Upstairs: In 2000, the average CEO earned more in one day than the
average worker earned all year.
Downstairs: In 2000, 25% of workers earned less than poverty-level wages.
Upstairs: Between 1990 and 2000, average CEO pay rose 571%.
Downstairs: Between 1990 and 2000, average worker pay rose 37%. For more
information about the disturbing disparity in wealth and privilege between the
top 1% and the bottom 80%, open up the business section of your newspaper. Or
turn on Court TV.