Financing of Drug Treatment Services

 

 

   Health Insurance

 

Frank, R.G. & McGuire, T.G.  1998.  Parity for mental health and substance abuse care under managed care.  The Journal of Mental Health Policy and Economics, 1, 153-159.

 

Garcia, LM, McGeary, KA, Shultz, JM, McCoy, CB. 1999.  The impact of insurance status on drug abuse treatment completion.  Journal of Health Care Finance, 26(1), 40-7.

 

Goodman, A.C., Hanken, J.R., Nishura, E. & Sloan, J.J. 1999.  Impacts of insurance on the demand and utilization of drug abuse treatment:  implications for insurance mandates.  International Journal of the Economics of Business, 6(3), 331-348, 1999.

 

Hanson, K.W.  1998.  Public opinion and the MH/SA parity debate:  lessons from the survey literature.  Psychiatric Services.

 

Pacula, R.L. & Sturm, R.  2000.  Mental health parity legislation:  much ado about nothing?  Health Services Research, 35(1), 263-275, Part 2.

 

Sturm R., & McCulloch J.  1998.  Mental health and substance abuse benefits in

carve-out plans and the mental health parity act of 1996.  J Health Care Finance, 24(3), 82-92.                        (replace current citation)

 

 

 

    Payment Mechanisms

 

 

Ettner, S.L., Frank, R.G., McGuire, T.G., Newhouse, J.P. & Notman, E.H.  1998.  Risk adjustment of mental health and substance abuse payments.  Inquiry, 35, 223-239.

 

Ettner, S.L. & Notman, E.H.  1997.  How well do ambulatory care groups predict expenditures on mental health and substance abuse patients.  Administration and Policy in Mental Health, 24(4), 339-356.

 

Ma, C.A. & McGuire, T.  1998.  Costs and incentives in a behavioral health carve-out.  Health Affairs, 17(2), 53-69.

 

Stein, B., Orlando,M. & Sturm, R.  2000.  The effect of  copayments on drug and alcohol treatment following inpatient detoxification under managed care.  Psychiatric Services, 51(2), 195-198.

 

 

 

Alternative Delivery Systems and Managed Care

 

Bickel, W.K. & McLellan, A.T.  1996.  Can Management by outcome invigorate substance abuse treatment?  microincentives and quality of care.  American Journal on Addictions, 5(4), 281-291

 

Frank, R.G. & McGuire, T.G.  1998.  The economic functions of carve-outs in managed care.  The American Journal of Managed Care, 4(SP), SP31-SP39.

 

Gresenz, C.R. & Sturm, R.  1999.  Who leaves managed behavioral health care?  The Journal of Behavioral Health Services & Research, 26(4), 389-398.

 

Hodgin, D, Horgan, CM, Garnick, DW, Merrick, EL, & Goldin, D.  2000.  J Behav Health Serv Res, 27(2), 178-93.

 

Huskamp, H.A.  1998.  How a managed behavioral health care carve-out plan affected spending for episodes of treatment.  Psychiatric Services, 49(2), 1559-1562.

 

Huskamp, H.A. 1999.  Episodes of mental health and substance abuse treatment under managed behavioral health carve-out.  Inquiry, 36, 147-161.

 

Liu, X., Sturm, R., & Cuffel, B.J.  2000.  The impact of prior authorization on outpatient utilization in managed behavioral health plans.  Med Care Res Rev, 57(2), 182-95.

 

Lu, M.  1999.  Separating the true effect from gaming in incentive-based contracts in health care.  Journal of Management Strategy, 8(3), 383-431.

 

McCarty, D., Frank, R.G., and Denmead, G.C. 1999.  Methadone maintenance and state medicaid managed care programs.  Milbank Quarterly, 77(3), 341-362.

 

Merrick, E.L., Garnick, D.W., Horgan, C.M.,  Goldin, D., Hodgkin, D. & Sciegaj, M.  1999.  American J Managed Care.  5,SP81-SP90.

 

Scheonbaum, M. Zhang, W.Y. & Sturm R.  Costs and utilization of substance abuse care in a privately insured population under managed care.  Psychiatric Services, 49(12), 1573-1578.

 

Stein, B., Reardon, E. & Sturm, R.  1999.  Substance abuse service utilization under managed care:  HMOs versus carve-out plans.  The Journal of  Behavioral Health Services Research, 26(4), 451-6.

 

Sturm R., & Klap R.1999.  Use of psychiatrists, psychologists, and master's-level therapists in managed behavioral health care carve-out plans. Psychiatric Services, 50(4):504-8.

 

Sturm, R.  1999.  Tracking changes in behavioral health services:  how have carve-outs changed care?  The Journal of Behavioral Health Services & Research, 26(4), 359-370.

 

Sturm, R.  1999.  Cost and quality trends under managed care:  is there a learning curve in behavioral health carve-out plans?  Journal of Health Economics, 18, 593-604.

 

Stein, B., Orlando, M. & Sturm, R. 2000.  Follow-up care after inpatient detoxification under managed care.  Psychiatric Services, 51(2), 195-199.

 

 

Sturm, R. & Bao, Y.  2000.  Psychiatric care expenditures and length of stay:  trends in industrialized countries.  Psychiatric services, 51(3), 295.

 

Sturm, R. & Sherbourne, CD  2000.  Managed Care and Unmet need for mental health and substance abuse care in 1998.  Psychiatric services, 51(2), 177.

 

Sturm, R. 2000.  Managed care and risk contracts and substance abuse treatment.  Inquiry, 37, 219-225.

 

Sturm, R.  2000.  How does risk sharing between employers and a managed behavioral health organization affect mental health care?  Health Services Research, 35(4), 761-776.

 

Sturm, R. & Wells, K.  2000.  Health insurance is improving – but not for individuals with mental illness.  Health Services Research, 35(1), 253-262, Part 2.

 

Sturm, R. & Pacula, R.L.  State mental health parity laws:  cause or consequence of differences in use?  Health Affairs, 18(2), 182-192.

 

Weisner, C., McCarty, D. & Schmidt, L.  1999.  New directions in alcohol and dug treatment under managed care.  The American Journal of Managed Care, 5 (special issue), SP57-SP69.

 

Weisner, C., Mertens, J., Parthasarathy, S., Moore, C., Hunkeler, E.M., Hu, TW. & Selby, J.V.  2000.  The outcome and cost of alcohol and drug treatment in an HMO:  day hospital versus traditional outpatient regimens.  Health Services Research, 35(4), 791-812.

 

Zarkin, G.A. & Dunlap, L.J.  1999.  Implications of managed care for methadone treatment:  findings form five studies in new york state.  Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment, 17(1-2),25-35.

 

Cost-Benefit, Cost-Effectiveness, and Cost-Utility Analysis

    Drug Treatment

 

Avants, S.K., Margolin, A., Sindelar, J.L., Rounsaville, B.J., Schottenfeld, R., Stine, S., Cooney, N.L., Rosenheck, R.A., Li, S.H. & Kosten T.R. 1999.  Day treatment versus enhanced standard methadone services for opiod-dependent patients:  a comparison of clinical efficacy and cost.  Am J Psychiatry, 156(1), 27-33.

 

Barker, S.B., Knisely, J.S. & Dawson, K.S.  1999.  The evaluation of a consultation service for delivery of substance abuse services in hospital settings.  J. Addict Dis, 18(1), 73-82.

 

Barnett, P.G.  1999. The cost-effectiveness of methadone maintenance as a health care intervention.  Addiction, 94(4), 479-88.

 

Cartwright, W.S.  2000  Cocaine medications, cocaine consumption and societal cost.  pharmacoeconomics,  18(4), 405-413.

 

Cartwright, W.S. 2000.  Cost-benefit analysis of drug treatment services:  review of the literature.  The Journal of Mental Health Policy and Economics, 3, 11-26(200), 11-26.

 

Des Jarlais, D., & Deren, S. & Lipton  1981.  Cost-effectiveness studies in the evaluation of substance abuse treatment.  In:  Lowinson, J.  and Ruiz, P.  eds.  Substance Abuse:  Clinical Problems and Perspectives.  Baltimore:  Williams & Wilkins, 806-816.

 

Fals-Stewart, W., O’Farrel, T.J., & Birchier, G.R. 1997.  Behavioral Couples Therapy for Male Substance-abusing patients:  a cost outcomes analyses.  Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 65(5), 789-802

 

Flynn, P.M., Kristiansen, P.L., Porto, J.V. & Hubbard, R.L. 1999.  Costs and benefits of treatment for cocaine addiction in datos.  Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 57, 167-174.

 

Francis, E, Hughes, P.,, Schinka, J.  1999.  Alcohol & drug abuse:  improving cost-effectiveness in a substance abuse program.  Psychiatric Services, 50(5), 633-635.

 

French, M.T., Sacks, S. De Leon, G., Staines,G. & McKendick.  1999.  Modified therapeutic community for mentally ill chemical abusers:  outcomes and costs.  Evaluation Health Prof, 22(1), 60-85.  erratum 22(3), 399.

 

French,M.T., Salome, H.J., Krupski,A., McKay,J.R., Donovan,D.M. McLellan, A.T. & Durell, J.  2000.  Benefit-cost analysis of residential and outpatient addiction treatment in the state of Washington.  Evaluation Review, 24(6), 609-634.

 

Griffith, J.D., Hiller, M.L., Knight, K., Simpson, D.D.  1999.  A cost-effectivness analysis of in-prison therapeutic community treatment and risk classification.  The Prison Journal, 79(3), 352-368.

 

Hartz, D.T., Meek, P., Piotrowski, NA, Tusel, D.J. Henke, C.J., Delucchi, K. Sees, K. & Hall S.M.  A cost-effectiveness and cost-benefit analysis of contingency contracting-enhanced methadone detoxification treatment.  American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse.  25(2), 207-218.

 

Hsyer, Y. & Anglin, M.D. 1991.  Cost-effectiveness drug abuse treatment: relevant issues and alternative longitudinal modeling approaches.  In Cartwright, W. S. and Kaple, JM (eds.) Economic costs, cost-effectiveness, financing, and community-based drug treatment.  National Institute of Drug Abuse monograph no. 113.

 

Jacobs, P. Calder, P., Taylor, M., Houston, S., Saunders, L.D., & Albert, T.  1999.  Cost effectiveness of streetworks’ needle exchange program of edmonton.  Can J Public Health, 90(3), 168-171.

 

Jerrell, J.M. & Hu, T.W., & Ridgely, M.S.  Cost-effectiveness of substance disorder interventions for people with severe mental illness.  Journal of Mental Health Administration, 21, 283-97.

 

Kahn, J.G. 1993.  Are NEPS cost effective in preventing HIV infection?  In P. Lurie & AL Reingold (eds.).  The Public Health Impact of Needle Exchange Programs in the United States and Abroad (475-509).  San Francisco, CA:  Institute for Health Policy Studies, University of California, San Francisco.

 

Kaplan, E.H.  1995.  Economic analysis of needle exchange.  AIDS. 9,1113-1119.

 

Leal, P. Stein, K. & Rosenberg, W.  1999.  What is the cost utility of screening for hepatitis C virus (HCV) in intravenous drug user?  J Med Screen, 6(3), 124-131.

 

Marsh, L.A. 1998.  The efficacy of methadone maintenance interventions in redcing illicit opiate use, HIV risk behavior and criminality: a meta-analysis.  Addiction, 93(4), 515-532.

 

Mitchel, M.E,. Hu,T.W., McDonnell,N.S., & Swisher, J.D.  1984.  Cost-effectiveness analysis of an educational drug abuse prevention program.  Journal of Drug Education, 14(3), 271-292.

 

Prendergast, ML, Podus, D. & Chang, E.  2000.  Program factors and treatment outcomes in drug dependence treatment:  an examination using meta-analysis.  Substance Use & Misuse, 35(12-14), 1931-1965.

 

Snyder, D.C., Paz, E.A., Mohle-Boetani,J.C., Fallstad, R., Black, R.L. & Chin, D.P.  1999.  Tuberculosis prevention in methadone maintenance clinics.  effectiveness and cost-effectiveness.  Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 160(1), 178-85.

 

Zarkin, G.A., Bala, M.V., & Cates, S.C.  2000.  Estimating the willingness to pay for drug abuse treatment:  a pilot study.  Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment, 18, 149-159.

 

    Alcohol Treatment

 

 

 

Cost of Drug Treatment

    Drug Treatment

 

French, MT, McGeary, KA, Chitwood, DD, McCoy, CB  2000.  Chronic illicit drug use, health services utilization and the cost of medical care.  Soc Sci Med  50(12),1703-13.

 

Jerrell, J.M. & Hu, T.W.  1996.  Estimating the cost impact of three dual diagnosis treatment programs.  Evaluation Review, 20(2), 160-180.

 

McGeary, KA & French, MT.  2000. Illicit drug use and emergency utilization.  Health Services Research, 35(1 Pt 1), 153-69.

 

Zwiak, W.H., Hoffman, N.G., Stout,R.L.,Hagberg,S. Floyd,A.S., & DeHart,S.S.  1999.  Substance abuse treatment cost offsets vary with gender, age, and abstinence.   Journal of Health Care Finance, 26(1), 33-39.

 

French, M.T., Zarkin, G.A., Bray, J.W., & Hartwell, T.D.  1999.  Cost of employee assistance programs:  comparisonof national estimates from 1993 and 1995.  Journal of Behavioral Health Services and Research, 26(1),95-103.

 

   Alcohol Treatment

 

Fleming, M.F., Mundt, M.T., French,M.T., Barry, K.L., Manwell, L.B. & Stauffacher.  2000. Benefit-cost analysis of brief physician advice with problem drinkers in primary care settings.   Medical Care, 38(1), 7-18.

 

French, M.T.  2000.  Economic evaluation of alcohol treatment services.  Evaluation and programming planning, 23(1), 27-39.

 

Methodological Research

 

Aday, LA, Begley, C.E., Lairson, D.R., Slater, C.H., Richard, A.J., Montoya, I.D.  199?.  A framework for assessing the effectiveness, efficiency, and equity of behavioral healthcare.  The American Journal of Managed Care, 5: SP25-SP44, Sp. Iss.

 

French, M.T., Zarkin, G.A., Bray,J.W.  1998.  Cost of Employee assistance programs:  findings form a national survey.  American Journal of Health Promotion, 11(3), 219-222.

 

Kwiatkowski, CF, Booth, RE & Loyd, LV.  2000.  The effects of offering free treatment to street-recruited opioid injectors.  Addiction,. 95(5), 697-704.

 

McCarty, D., McGuire, T.G., Harwood, H.J. & Field, T.  1998.  Using state information systems for drug abuse services research.  American Behavioral Scientist, 41(8), 1090-1106.

 

Sturm, R., Unutzer, J. & Katon, W  Effectiveness research and implications for study design:  sample size and statistical power.  1999, Gen Hosp Psychiatry, 21(4), 274-83.

 

Habit, Addiction, Consumption, and Demand for Illegal Drugs

 

Becker, G.S. & Murphy, K,M.  1988.  Are addicts rational – a theory of rational addiction.  Mathematical Social Sciences, 16(2), 217-218.

 

Becker, G.S. & Mulligan, C.B.  The endogenous determination of time preference.  Quarterly Journal of Economics,  112(3), 729-758.

 

Behrans, D.A., Caulkins, J.P., Tragler, G., Haunscmied, J.L. & Feichtinger, G.  1999.  A dynamic model of drug initiation, implications for treatment and drug control.  Mathematical Biosciences, 159, 1-20.

 

Bray, J.W., Zarkin, G.S., Dennis, M.L., &  French, M.T.  2000.  Symptoms of dependence, multiple substance use, and labor market outcomes.  American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse, 26(1), 77-95.

 

Bray, J.W., Zarkin, G.A., Ringwalt, and Qi,J.  2000  The relationship between marijuana initiation and dropping out of high school.  Health Economics, 9(1), 9-18.

 

Lennox, R., Zarkin, G.A., Steel, P. & Bray, J.W.  1998.  The differential effects of alcohol consumption and dependence on advers alcohol-related consequences:  implications for the workforce.  Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 50(3), 211-220.

 

Montoya, I.D. & Atkinson, J.  1996.  Economic perceptions and expectations of out-of-treatment drug users.  Am. J. Drug Alcohol Abuse, 22(3), 299-311.

 

Zarkin, G.A., Mroz, T., Bray, J.W. & French, M.T.  1998.  The relationship between drug use and labor supply for young men.  Labour Economics, 5(4), 385-409.

 

Zarkin, G.A., French, M.T., Mroz, T., & Bray, J.W.  1998.  Alcohol use and wages:  new results form the national household survey on drug abuse.  Journal of Health Economics, 17(1), 57-71.

 

Drug Policy

 

Rasmussen, D.W. & Benson, B.L.  1999.  Reducing the harm of drug policy:  an economic prospective, Subst Use Misuse, 34(1), 49-67.