An Introduction to Lu Xun

Born with the name Zhou Shuren in 1881 to a family of scholars and officials, Lu Xun (a pen name) studied to become a doctor in order to help the Chinese people fight foreign domination, corruption and crushing feudalism. After two years of medical school, however, he realized that to reform society, a fit body is useless if the spirit is weak and apathetic. Thus he decided to become an author rather than a physician, and went on to lead a new literary movement that would take China by storm.

In 1918 Lu Xun published his first story, A Madman's Diary, a powerful protest against the feudal system that forces people to consume and undermine one another. He worked as a teacher, lecturer and editor, created woodcuts, and helped young writers establish several literary organizations. He translated many significant works, particularly from Russia. He is known as the father of modern Chinese literature for writing in the vernacular rather than the traditional "literary style."

In 1927 Chiang Kai-shek's Nationalist Goumindang Government betrayed the Chinese Communist Party with a coup d'etat, and in the next period slaughtered over 100,000 progressives and revolutionaries. In 1930 Lu Xun, with 30 others, formed the League of Left-Wing Writers to attack the Goumindang government and promote progressive literature.

Forced to lead a semi-clandestine life in this atmosphere of repression, Lu Xun organized resistance and wrote hundreds of essays that used biting satire to expose reaction, and promoted hope for social change. He died of tuberculosis in 1936, thirteen years before the victory of the Chinese revolution.

Following are some essays and stories by Lu Xun:

How I Came to Write Stories
Autum Night
Literature and Revolution


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