The pillage of Iraq's cultural treasures

What really happened at the Baghdad museum? Yesterday an eminent archaeologist claimed in the Guardian that Baghdad museum staff had not exaggerated the extent of losses during the war, or been involved in the looting afterwards. Here the man who first raised doubts about the museum's story responds (The Guardian, 19 June 2003) Tablets that may reveal El Niño secrets are feared lost in Iraq (Independent.co.uk, 09 June 2003) 'Looted' treasures found in Baghdad (Independent.co.uk, 08 June 2003) Looters cart away Basra University (International Herald Tribune, 20 May 2003) Troops 'vandalise' ancient city of Ur (The Observer, 18 May 2003) US troops 'encouraged' Iraqi looters: General Tommy Franks is threatened with a Belgian war crimes trial alleging US troops failed to prevent looting in Iraq. BBC News Online uncovers evidence suggesting his soldiers even egged on some looters. (BBC News, 6 May 2003) Anger grows after Baghdad academy looted: U.S. had reportedly promised security (Chicago Tribune, 4 May 2003) US army was told to protect looted museum (The Observer, 20 April 2003) Looted paintings seized by customs (Mirror.co.uk, 19 April 2003) Advisor resigns while US reacts to limit damage (Al Jazeera, 18 April 2003) Bush Cultural Advisers Quit Over Iraq Museum Theft (Reuters, 17 April 2003) Bush Panel Members Quit Over Looting (Washington Post, 17 April 2003) Baghdad treasures: Museum raid looks planned (Detroit Free Press, 17 April 2003) Some Looters Had Keys to Iraqi Museum Vaults, Experts Say (New York Times, 17 April 2003) Experts: Looters Had Keys to Iraqi Vaults (17 April 2003)

"It looks as if part of the looting was a deliberate planned action," said McGuire Gibson, a University of Chicago professor and president of the American Association for Research in Baghdad. "They were able to take keys for vaults and were able to take out important Mesopotamian materials put in safes."

"I have a suspicion it was organized outside the country, in fact I'm pretty sure it was," Gibson said. He added that if a good police team was put together, "I think it could be cracked in no time."

Jim Clancy: Museum 'shattered' by looters (CNN, 16 April 2003)

They now believe, because of some of the evidence that they have found, that some of the items were taken [by art and cultural] professionals. Among other things they found were glass cutters that they said are not sold in Iraq. They are looking into that.

Inquiry demanded over US failure to stop library looting (Independent.co.uk, 16 April 2003) Baghdad museum's greatest treasures 'stolen to order' (Independent.co.uk, 16 April 2003) Robert Fisk: Library books, letters and priceless documents are set ablaze in final chapter of the sacking of Baghdad (Independent.co.uk, 15 April 2003) Robert Fisk: Americans defend two untouchable ministries from the hordes of looters (Independent.co.uk, 14 April 2003) Pentagon Was Told Of Risk to Museums: U.S. Urged to Save Iraq's Historic Artifacts (Washington Post, 14 April 2003)

"I thought I was given assurances that sites and museums would be protected," Gibson [Iraq specialist at the University of Chicago's Oriental Institute] said. Instead, even with U.S. forces firmly in control of Baghdad last week, looters breached the museum, trashed its galleries, burned its records, invaded its vaults and smashed or carried off thousands of artifacts dating from the founding of ancient Sumer around 3,500 B.C. to the end of Islam's Abbasid Caliphate in 1258 A.D.

Robert Fisk: A city in flames. A nation in chaos (Independent.co.uk, 12 April 2003) US accused of plans to loot Iraqi antiques (Sunday Herald, 6 April 2003)

FEARS that Iraq's heritage will face widespread looting at the end of the Gulf war have been heightened after a group of wealthy art dealers secured a high-level meeting with the US administration.

It has emerged that a coalition of antiquities collectors and arts lawyers, calling itself the American Council for Cultural Policy (ACCP), met with US defence and state department officials prior to the start of military action to offer its assistance in preserving the country's invaluable archaeological collections.

The group is known to consist of a number of influential dealers who favour a relaxation of Iraq's tight restrictions on the ownership and export of antiquities. Its treasurer, William Pearlstein, has described Iraq's laws as 'retentionist' and has said he would support a post-war government that would make it easier to have antiquities dispersed to the US.

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Last modified: Fri Jun 20 13:55:11 CDT 2003