Carbonate
Texture and Classification
According to
the AGI glossary of geology, the term texture describes the general
physical appearance of a rock. This includes the geometric aspects
of and the mutual relations among the physical components of a sediment
or rock. Sedimentary carbonate textures are a product of sedimentary
as well as diagenetic processes. Therefore, textural descriptions
are useful because genetic interpretations may be derived from them.
Unfortunately sedimentary carbonates possess an infinite array of
textures. Thus communication of their description and interpretation
of their genesis is extremely cumbersome without some kind of classification
scheme that organizes the broad spectrum of textures into manageable
and meaningful classes.
Three textural
features seem especially useful in classifying those carbonate rocks
that retain their depositional texture (1) Presence or absence of
carbonate mud, which differentiates muddy carbonate from grainstone;
(2) abundance of grains, which allows muddy carbonates to be subdivided
into mudstone, wackestone, and ˆpackstone; and (3) presence
of signs of binding during deposition, which characterizes boundstone.
The distinction between grain-support and mud-support differentiates
packstone from wackestone—packstone is full of its particular
mixture of grains, wackestone is not. Rocks retaining too little
of their depositional texture to be classified are set aside as
crystalline carbonates. |