Adoption was an informal act in England until it came under legislative control in 1926.
J OSEPH LEES was born in late 1767 or early 1768, probably in Wednesbury, Staffordshire, England. He and his twin brother were baptized Joseph and John DITHERIDGE, "illegitimate sons of Anne" on 14 February 1768 at the Parish Church of St. Bartholomew, Wednesbury. Four months later Joseph's mother married Thomas Lees of Wednesbury, Coachsmith, however, he was not the boys' natural father. At some point Joseph took, or was given, the name Lees and was later referred to in legal documents as "Joseph Lees (otherwise Didderidge)". He carried on in the family business and would eventually become a partner in trade with his father and brother Thomas Lees the younger. The firm was engaged in manufacturing the metal components of carriages, primarily axle trees, springs and steps.
     Marriage banns were read for Joseph and SUSANNAH SMALL on three consecutive Sundays in March 1789, and they were subsequently married 5 July 1789 at St. Bartholomew's, Wednesbury.
     Joseph died 14 April 1820 leaving an estate valued near £5,000. His will (dated 21 August 1815) with codicil (dated 13 September 1819) was filed at the Bishop's Court of Lichfield, Staffordshire the 5th day of March 1821 naming his wife Susannah and his half-brother Thomas executors. In it he does not refer to his children by name. A second grant was issued at Lichfield on 3 July 1849 following the death of his widow, Susannah. Joseph was buried 20 April 1820 in the churchyard at St. Bartholomew's.
Children of Joseph Lees and Susannah Small :
  1. BENJAMIN LEES was baptized 2 April 1790 at the Parish Church of St. Bartholomew, Wednesbury. He was married by license at Wednesbury 13 January 1812 to Mary Rock. Both were recorded as residents of that parish. Benjamin was deceased before his uncle Thomas Lees wrote his will 18 August 1826 and is possibly the Benjamin Lees buried at St. Batholomew's 20 January 1826.
     
      Children:   ELIZA, baptized 22 August 1812 and married ----- Laurence by August 1826;   ENOCH, born circa 1815, mentioned in the will of his great-uncle John Small and was with his grandmother Susannah at High Street, Wednesbury at the time of the 1841 census;   MARY A.;   SUSANNAH;   DINAH.
     
  2. ELIZABETH LEES was baptized 10 September 1792 at the Parish Church of St. Bartholomew, Wednesbury. She married, 21 August 1821, Josiah Disturnal at St. Philip's Birmingham, Warwick, England. Josiah was listed in the 1822-23 and 1830-31 directories as an Earthenware Dealer on High Street, Wednesbury.
     
      Children:   THOMAS, born 20 September 1822, married Mary Spittle the daughter of Robert and Martha Spittle and died sometime in 1894;   BENJAMIN, born 5 November 1824. He was named in the will of his great uncle John Small who died in 1832;   MARY, born 1827, married James Partridge and died 1892.
     
  3. DAVID LEES was baptized 23 August 1794 at the Parish Church of St. Bartholomew, Wednesbury and married, 4 September 1815, ELIZABETH BEDDOW at Handsworth. David and his cousin William Kendrick succeeded to the coach spring and patent axel tree manufacturing business of Thomas Lees & Co. of Wednesbury. He died 22 March 1851 at Potter's Lane, Wednesbury after a one month "voluntary starvation".
     
  4. THOMAS LEES was baptized 31 May 1797 at the Parish Church of St. Bartholomew, Wednesbury and married, 26 June 1820, Elizabeth Wheeler at Handsworth. In the family tradition, Thomas became a Coachsmith and the contents of his will suggest that he worked closely with his brother David and cousin William Kendrick, coach spring manufacturers, though not in partnership with them. Elizabeth was also from a family of coachsmiths. In fact, Joseph Wheeler, Coachsmith, and Aaron Wheeler, Coachsmith, were witnesses to Thomas' will. He died 10 December 1830 at Wednesbury, and his will, dated 9 November 1830, was proved in the Bishop's Court of Lichfield 9 June 1831.
     
      Children:   JOSEPH;   SUSANNAH, baptized 2 February 1823 and married ----- Bunn;   HARRIET, married Thomas Fraggalt George;   THOMAS, Coachsmith, married Nancy Grove and died 2 May 1867;   SARAH, married Paul Baker;   MARY?
     
  5. ANN LEES was baptized 19 May 1799 at the Parish Church of St. Bartholomew, Wednesbury. She married firstly by license at Wednesbury 15 August 1826 George Alexander in the presence of Mary Lees and David Lees, but he died a short time later and was buried 8 June 1827, aged 25 years. She married secondly Isaac Mealing. Ann was present at the death of her mother in 1848 at Church Hill, Wednesbury and was granted letters of administration for the goods and personal estate of her mother, Susannah, 10 October 1850.
     
  6. MARY LEES was baptized 26 May 1801 at the Parish Church of St. Bartholomew, Wednesbury and married by license at Wednesbury, 24 March 1830, Mark Tolson of Dewsbury in the County of York, in the presence of Susannah Lees and G.W. Court.
     
  7. JOSEPH LEES was baptized 12 September 1803 at the Parish Church of St. Bartholomew, Wednesbury. He was mentioned in the will of his uncle John Small, dated in 1832, as "now residing in America".
        Among the passengers on board the Ship Ontario that arrived in New York from London 28 June 1843, was one Joseph W Lees, age 38, Coach Spring Maker, of Newark, New Jersey - an interesting entry, though any connection has yet to be investigated.
     
  8. SUSANNAH LEES was baptized 29 November 1807 at the Parish Church of St. Bartholomew, Wednesbury and married by license at Wednesbury, 24 December 1832, Thomas Walmesley of St. Mary in the City of Lichfield, in the presence of David Lees and Keziah Lees.
     
  9. KEZIAH LEES was baptized 13 April 1810 at the Parish Church of St. Bartholomew, Wednesbury and appears never to have married. She was living with her mother on High Street, Wednesbury during the 1841 Census and living on High Bullen in 1861. The 1881 Census recorded Keziah living on the East Side Of High Bullin, No 50 (Corn Factor Shop), in Wednesbury with Sarah Ann, then a Corn Dealer, the widow of her nephew Benjamin Disturnal.
 





D AVID LEES was the third child born to Joseph Lees and Susannah Small, and was baptized 23 August 1794 at the Parish Church of St. Bartholomew, Wednesbury, Staffordshire, England. He married at Handsworth, Staffordshire the 4th day of September 1815 to ELIZABETH BEDDOW, the daughter of Joseph and Elizabeth Beddow of Wednesbury.
     The circumstances of David's apprenticeship are uncertain, but he was variously listed in the baptismal records of his children at St. Bartholomew's as being occupied as a Coach Spring Maker (1815), Factor (1816 & 1818), Coachsmith (1823) and later in 1867 listed as a Coachsmith, Manufacturer on the marriage record of his son Francis. Following the deaths of his father, Joseph Lees, in 1820 and of his uncle Thomas Lees in 1827, David carried on the family business of Thomas Lees & Company, manufacturers of coach iron parts, in partnership with his cousin William Kendrick. The family must have lived outside Wednesbury for a time, perhaps Birmingham, since no baptisms are recorded at St. Bartholomew's for their children born after 1823. They may have been in the process of moving back in 1841 since David was not listed on the census with the remainder of the family at Bridge Street, Wednesbury.
     Though David was executor to the wills of his uncle Thomas Lees, and his own brother Thomas, he himself died intestate on 22 March 1851 at Potter's Lane, Wednesbury after a one month voluntary starvation - Richard Davis Jr. was in attendance. One may suppose that he was suffering from consumption as his wife had and decided not to prolong the inevitable.
Children of David Lees and Elizabeth Beddow :
  1. JAMES LEES was baptized at the Parish Church of St. Bartholomew, Wednesbury and appears to have been the infant buried 3 December 1815 at Wednesbury.
     
  2. DAVID LEES was baptized 8 December 1816 at the Parish Church of St. Bartholomew, Wednesbury.
     
  3. LUCY LEES was baptized 8 November 1818 at the Parish Church of St. Bartholomew, Wednesbury.
     
  4. JOSEPH LEES, born about 1821 and is presumed to have been baptized at the Parish Church of St. Bartholomew, Wednesbury.
     
  5. THOMAS LEES was baptized 20 July 1823 at the Parish Church of St. Bartholomew, Wednesbury and appears to have been the infant interred there 13 October 1824.
     
  6. ELIZABETH LEES was born about 1824 and married, 2 May 1846, RICHARD DAVIS Junior at St. Philip's, Birmingham. She died 8 December 1871.
     
  7. SARAH LEES was born about 1827.
     
  8. THOMAS LEES was born about 1829 and was buried at Wednesbury 14 September 1832, aged 2 years.
     
  9. MARY LEES was born about 1832 and died of Pneumonitis 4 February 1853 at Union Street, Wednesbury at age 21, Richard Davis Jr. in attendance.
     
  10. HARRY LEES was born about August 1833 and buried at Wednesbury 15 January 1835, aged 1 year 5 months.
     
  11. FRANCIS LEES was born about 1835 and married at the Parish Church of Darlaston 29 July 1867 to Emma Butler, daughter of William Butler, Schoolmaster, in the presence of Joseph Butler and Alice Blakemore. At his marriage and at the births of his children, Francis was occupied as an (Office) Clerk, but on the 1871 Census he was listed as a Warehouseman.
     
      Children:   DAVID WILLIAM, born 13 December 1867;   JANE, born 28 July 1869.
     
  12. SUSANNAH LEES was born about 1837.
 





E LIZABETH LEES, the daughter of David Lees and Elizabeth Beddow of Wednesbury, was born about 1824 and married RICHARD DAVIS the 2nd of May 1846 at St. Philip's in Birmingham, Warwickshire. The marriage record shows them both as residents of Birmingham; Richard living on New Street, Elizabeth on Spring Street. Their intention to marry is said to have caused a riff between Elizabeth and her mother for marrying "beneath her station", but one could also speculate that it was due to Richard's relationship to the Spittle family - at least one of whom, Jonah Spittle, was rather notorious. As it happened, they married one month and a few days after her mother died. Richard was occupied as a Commercial Traveller when they married and was but a Clerk in a Coach Spring & Axel Works, apparently for his father-in-law, David Lees, during the census enumeration in March 1851. Nevertheless, by early 1871 the family had prospered to where they were living at Cordley House, a modest brick Georgian style home at the corner of Dudley Road and Claypit Lane, West Bromwich.
From daughter Mary's remembrances came the picture of a fine home and family. The father with a top-paying position, the mother a refined lady with a good background; sister Lizzie, a young lady with well-to-do friends whom she visited for vacation time; brother Charles, a talented young fellow with artistic ability and too much money to spend - also no thought of work or earning a living; and little Mary, much younger than Lizzie and Charley, who spent much time as her mother's companion, being taught what children of refinement should know; and going on wondrous vacation trips to the seashore. Some of these trips must have been for the benefit of Elizabeth's health. There were servants in the home and things seemed to go along well for the Richard Davis family, except for Elizabeth's health.

     The families fortunes soon changed, however, when Elizabeth died of apoplexy 8 December 1871 at Cordley House, and then Richard died in May 1875. They are buried together at Heath Lane Cemetery, West Bromwich, though there is no inscription for Richard on their monument.










DESCENT FROM JOSEPH LEES:

VIII  
VII  
VI  
V  
IV  
III  
II  
I  

Thomas Lees married Ann Ditheridge.
Joseph Lees married Susannah Small.
David Lees married Elizabeth Beddow.
Elizabeth Lees married Richard Davis.
Mary Lees Davis married Walter William Whitehouse.
Horace Whitehouse married Emma Rempfer.
Philip Krein Whitehouse married Barbara Anne Lightner.
Paul Lightner Whitehouse married Barbara Lynn Giles.




   
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